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CivilServices Pdf Notes

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We’ll be uploading ALL important Current Issues regularly on our channel β€” crisp, exam-oriented, and easy to revise.

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*πŸ›‘οΈList of Foreign Travellers Visited VIJAYANAGARA*

*β™ŸοΈAbu Abdullah/ lbn Batuta (Book:Rihla) -* Morocco - Harihara I
*β™ŸοΈNicolo de Conti -* Italy - Devaraya-II
*β™ŸοΈAbdur Razzaq -* Persia - Devaraya-II
*β™ŸοΈAthanasius Nikitin -* Russia - Virupaksha Raya II
*β™ŸοΈLudvico de Vorthema -* Italy - Krishna Deva Raya
*β™ŸοΈDuarte Barbosa -* Portugal - Krishna Deva Raya
*β™ŸοΈDominigo Paes -* Portugal - Krishna Deva Raya
*β™ŸοΈFernao Nuniz -* Portugal - Achyuta Deva Raya
*β™ŸοΈMarco Polo -* Venice - Achyuta Deva Raya

*Hit πŸ‘β€οΈπŸ‘Œ to Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.*
*πŸ›ΆBhima Riverβ›΅*

🌊The Bhima River (also known as the Chandrabagha River) is a major river in southwest India.
🌊It is a major tributary of the Krishna River.

*πŸ’§Course*

🌊It originates in the Bhimashankar hills near Karjat on the western side of the Western Ghats, inthe Pune District of Maharashtra.
🌊Bhima flows southeast through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana.
🌊The Bhima River merges into the Krishna River at Kadlur (Raichur) in Karnataka.
🌊This 861 km-long river has the Western Ghats on the west, the Balaghat Range in the north, and the Mahadeo Hills in the south.
🌊It runs in a well-entrenched valley, and its banks are heavily populated.
🌊The total basin area of the river is 48,631 sq. km, out of which 75 percent lie in the state of Maharashtra.
🌊The river is rain-fed, and the volume of the river varies based on the monsoonal changes.
🌊Major tributaries are the Sina and Nira rivers.
🌊Pandharpur is an important pilgrimage centre located on the right bank of Bhima River.
*πŸ›‘οΈImportant Conferences Related to Environment*

β™ŸοΈRamsar Convention - 1971
β™ŸοΈConvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - 1973
β™ŸοΈMontreal Protocol - 1987
β™ŸοΈVienna Convention - 1988
β™ŸοΈConvention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - 1992
β™ŸοΈUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - 1992
β™ŸοΈBasel Convention - 1989
β™ŸοΈRio Summit - 1992
β™ŸοΈStockholm Convention - 2001
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety - 2000
β™ŸοΈUN-REDD - 2008
β™ŸοΈNagoya Protocol - 2010
β™ŸοΈMinamata Convention - 2013
ο»Ώο»Ώβ™ŸοΈUnited Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - 1994
β™ŸοΈKyoto Protocol - 1997
β™ŸοΈRotterdam Convention - 1998
*πŸ›‘οΈSixth Schedule*

β™ŸοΈProvides power to tribal communities to administer tribal areas in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, And Mizoram under art 244 (2) and art 275 (1) of the constitution.

*πŸ’ŽAdvantages*

β™ŸοΈDemocratic devolution of powers
β™ŸοΈPreserves and promotes distinct culture of region
β™ŸοΈProtect agrarian rights such as land
β™ŸοΈEnhance transfer of funds

*πŸ’ŽIssues*

β™ŸοΈLimited geographical coverage
β™ŸοΈFinancial mismanagement and rampant corruption
β™ŸοΈFinancial dependency over state authority
β™ŸοΈConflicts over consultation between governor and council of ministers
β™ŸοΈLack authority of resources for implementing schemes like mgnrega.
β™ŸοΈLack of codification of customary laws
β™ŸοΈLack of skilled professionals.

β™ŸοΈCreation of elected village councils
β™ŸοΈRegular election by state election commission
β™ŸοΈRecognize gram sabha under laws
β™ŸοΈBring transparency in planning, implementation, and monitoring of developmental programmes.
*πŸ›‘οΈImpact of a Falling Rupee*

πŸ’Ž *Mnemonic:-* "CRISIS"-- Rupee Depreciation Triggers an Economic CRISIS!

*β™ŸοΈC- Costlier Imports*- Crude oil, electronics, and raw materials become expensive.
*β™ŸοΈR- Rising Inflation-* Businesses pass higher import costs to consumers.
*β™ŸοΈI- Investor Flight-* Foreign investors withdraw capital from Indian markets.
*β™ŸοΈS- Shrinking Export Gains-* Inflation-driven input costs negate export benefits.
*β™ŸοΈI- Increasing Debt Burden-* Foreign debt becomes expensive, raising repayment costs.
*β™ŸοΈS- Stock Market Volatility-* Economic uncertainty reduces foreign investments.

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*πŸ›‘οΈRetired Judge*

β™ŸοΈAt any time, the chief justice of India can request a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a retired judge of a high court (who is duly qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court) to act as a judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.

β™ŸοΈHe can do so only with the previous consent of the president and also of the person to be so appointed.

β™ŸοΈSuch a judge is entitled to such allowances as the president may determine.

β™ŸοΈHe will also enjoy all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of a judge of Supreme Court. But, he will not otherwise be deemed to be a judge of the Supreme Court.
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With Prelims 2026 approaching, Kamaraj IAS Academy is launching a special 75-Day Strategy Initiative – Prelude to Prelims 2026 designed to help aspirants focus on what truly matters for the examination.
Over the next 75 days, we will provide subject-wise smart analysis of expected areas of questions.

πŸ“š Carefully curated exam-oriented content
πŸ”— Trend analysis based on previous year questions
πŸ”— Concept clarity with current affairs integration
πŸ“– Revise, analyze, and master the most expected areas of questions.
πŸ“Œ Through our Telegram channel, aspirants will receive exclusive content, daily updates, and focused preparation materials to strengthen their Prelims preparation.
πŸ—“ Prepare Smart. Stay Consistent. Achieve Success.
Let these 75 days become the turning point in your UPSC journey. πŸ“© Regularly follow our Telegram channel - t.me/kamarajias
πŸ† Topper Talks on Telegram Live! 2-Time AIR Holder 🎯
Amar Baghel (AIR 592 & 583)

πŸ“„ Sociology Optional Score: 278 & 277

βœ… Learn strategy.
βœ… Ask questions.
βœ… Get real insights.

πŸ—“ 22 March 2026 (Sunday) |
⏰ 11:00 AM

πŸ‘‰ Join Live
https://t.me/+fLfI5NIusnIxOWM1
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MPPCS 2026 CUTOFF nikalne ki last days strategy,

most important topics full Study plan By GYAN SIR
*πŸ”†Keywords in Preamble*

Trick- DR. Sushant Singh Saini
was fond of JaLEBI

βœ…D- Democratic
βœ…R- Republic
βœ…S- Sovereign
βœ…S- Social
βœ…S- Secular
βœ…J-Justice
βœ…L-Liberty
βœ…E-Equality
βœ…B-Brotherhood-word used in the preamble is β€˜fraternity’
βœ…I-Integrity
*πŸ›‘οΈGreen Hydrogen Hubs – MNRE*

*πŸ’ŽRecognised Ports:-*
β™ŸοΈDeendayal (Gujarat)
β™ŸοΈV.O. Chidambaranar (Tamil Nadu)
β™ŸοΈParadip (Odisha)

*πŸ’ŽPurpose:-* Boost clean fuel innovation, green investments & industrial participation.

*πŸ’ŽAbout NGHM (National Green Hydrogen Mission):-*
*β™ŸοΈLaunch:-* Jan 2023
*β™ŸοΈGoal:-* Make India a Global Hub for Green Hydrogen production, use & export.
*β™ŸοΈTarget:-* 5 MMT Green Hydrogen/year by 2030.