Civil Services Pdf Notes
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CivilServices Pdf Notes

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🚀 👆India’s Strategic Reach Expands:

Agni-III IRBM test (≈3,200 km range) highlights India’s credible minimum deterrence and growing strategic depth across Asia & beyond.

📍 Launched from Abdul Kalam (Wheeler) Island
🛰️ A key milestone in India’s missile capability matrix
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⭐️GI TAGGED HANDLOOM PRODUCTS (State-wise)

📍 Andhra Pradesh
Uppada Jamdani Sarees
Venkatagiri Sarees
Mangalagiri Sarees & Fabrics
Dharmavaram Handloom Pattu Sarees & Paavadas

📍 Gujarat
Tangaliya Shawl
Kachchh Shawls
Patan Patola
Rajkot Patola

📍 Himachal Pradesh
Kullu Shawl
Kinnauri Shawl

📍 Jammu & Kashmir
Kashmir Pashmina
Kani Shawl

📍 Karnataka
Navalgund Durries
Ilkal Sarees
Molakalmuru Sarees
Udupi Sarees
Mysore Silk
Guledgudd Khana

📍 Kerala
Cannanore Home Furnishings
Balaramapuram Sarees
Kasaragod Sarees
Kuthampully Sarees
Chendamangalam Dhoties & Set
Mundu–Kuthampully Dhoties & Set Mundu

📍 Madhya Pradesh
Chanderi Sarees
Maheshwar Sarees

📍 Maharashtra
Solapur Chaddar
Paithani Sarees
Solapur Terry Towel
Karvath Kati Tussar Sarees

📍 Manipur
Shaphee Lanphee
Wangkhei Phee
Moirang Phee

📍 Odisha
Kotpad Handloom
Orissa Ikat
Khandua Saree
Gopalpur Tussar
Dhalapathar Parda
Sambalpuri Bandha Saree
Bomkai Saree
Habaspuri Saree
Berhampur Patta (Phoda Kumbha) Saree

📍 Tamil Nadu
Kancheepuram Silk
Bhavani Jamakkalam
Madurai Sungudi
Arani Silk
Kovai Kora Cotton Sarees
Salem Silk (Salem Venpattu)

📍 Telangana
Pochampally Ikat
Gadwal Sarees
Siddipet Gollabama
Narayanpet Handloom Sarees

📍 Uttar Pradesh
Banaras Brocades & Saree
Mirzapur Handmade Dari

📍 West Bengal
Santipore Saree
Baluchari Saree
Dhaniakhali Saree

🔸 Other GI Tags
Muga Silk – Assam
Bhagalpur Silk – Bihar
Champa Silk Saree – Chhattisgarh
Kota Doria – Rajasthan
Chakheshang Shawls – Nagaland
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Still revising? Prelims are cleared by practice.

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Mapping Current Affairs with PYQs (This is new and most important)

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*🛡️Important Buddhist Writers*

*1. Ashvaghosha*
♟️Contribution: Authored Buddhacharita in Sanskrit.
♟️Time Period: Contemporary of Kanishka.
♟️Significance: A poet, dramatist, musician, scholar, and debater.

*2. Nagarjuna*
♟️Contribution: Founder of the Madhyamaka School of Mahayana Buddhism.
♟️Time Period: Contemporary of Satavahana King Gautamiputra of Andhra.
♟️Significance: A key proponent of Mahayana Buddhism.

*3. Asanga and Vasubandhu*
♟️Relationship: Brothers from the Punjab region (4th Century CE).
♟️Contributions:
⚜️Asanga: Teacher of Yogachara/Vijnanavada School, founded by his guru Maitreyanatha.
⚜️Vasubandhu: Authored Abhidharmakosha, an encyclopedic work on Buddhism.

*4. Buddhaghosa*
♟️Time Period: 5th Century CE.
♟️Contribution: Pali scholar; authored Visuddhimagga (Path of Purification), a comprehensive guide to Theravada Buddhism.

*5. Dinnaga*
♟️Time Period: 5th Century CE.
♟️Contribution: Known as the founder of Buddhist logic.

*6. Dharmakirti*
♟️Time Period: 7th Century CE.
♟️Contribution: Renowned Buddhist logician and dialectician, as well as a subtle philosophical thinker.
What are the advantages of fertigation in agriculture?
Controlling the alkalinity of irrigation water is possible.
Efficient application of Rock Phosphate and all other phosphatic fertilizers is possible.
Increased availability of nutrients to plants is possible.
Reduction in the leaching of chemical nutrients is possible.
Explanation - A
Explanation- B
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*🛡️Smog-Eating Technology*

♟️A photocatalytic technology based primarily on Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂).
♟️Works through coatings applied on roads, pavements, buildings, etc. to neutralize air pollutants.

*💎How it Works?*
♟️TiO₂ acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to sunlight/UV light.
♟️Converts harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) & VOCs → into nitrates, CO₂ & water.
♟️Creates a “self-cleaning” effect, breaking down pollutants on contact.

*💎Benefits*
♟️Reduces harmful pollutants (NO₂, hydrocarbons).
♟️Improves public health by lowering toxic air exposure.
♟️Low-maintenance, works passively under sunlight.
♟️Can be integrated with existing urban infrastructure without major disruption.

*💎Challenges*
♟️Needs scientific validation under Indian/local conditions.
♟️Cost-effectiveness of large-scale application still debated.
♟️Concerns about long-term durability of coatings & safe disposal of residues.
#Question:- With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. OMT is measured up to a depth of 26°C isotherm which is 129 meters in the southwestern Indian Ocean during January – March.

2. OMT collected during January – March can be used in assessing whether the amount of rainfall in monsoon will be less or more than a certain long-term mean.
Explanation A