Civil Services Pdf Notes
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CivilServices Pdf Notes

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Several initiatives by the Government for large-scale enhancement of public infrastructure, the Government will continue to focus on developing infrastructure in cities with over 5 lakh population (Tier II and Tier III), which have expanded to become growth centres.
7 high-speed rail corridors between cities as growth connectors: Mumbai to Pune, Pune to Hyderabad, Hyderabad to Bengaluru, Hyderabad to Chennai, Chennai to Bengaluru, Delhi to Varanasi, Varanasi to Siliguri."
In the Union Budget 2026, the government announced plans to build new dedicated freight corridors linking Dangkuni in the east with Surat in the west.
It also said that 20 new national waterways will be made operational over the next five years to encourage cleaner and more eco-friendly transport of goods.
I propose to - Set up three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda, Upgrade AYUSH pharmacies and drug testing laboratories to higher certification standards and ensure the availability of more skilled personnel, Upgrade the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar to strengthen evidence-based research, training, and awareness in traditional medicine."
Indiaโ€™s Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC) sector is a growing industry, projected to require 2 million professionals by 2030. I propose to support the Indian Institute of Creative Technologies, Mumbai in setting up AVGC Content Creator Labs in 15,000 secondary schools and 500 colleges
launch a Khelo India Mission to transform the Sports sector over the next decade
To create a new range of skilled career pathways for our youth, Union Finance Minister Smt. nsitharaman proposed interventions in the following sectors:

๐Ÿ‘‰ Allied Health Professionals (AHPs)
๐Ÿ‘‰Care Ecosystem
๐Ÿ‘‰Hubs for Medical Value Tourism
๐Ÿ‘‰ Set up a NIMHANS-2
๐Ÿ‘‰Strengthen and increase capacities by 50% in District Hospitals by establishing Emergency and Trauma Care Centres.
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โœAccording to the Economic Survey 2025-26, Gross NPAs have fallen to 2.2% and Net NPAs to 0.5% of gross advances โ€” the lowest in years, reflecting stronger bank asset quality.
โœ16 Finance Commission --- Devolution Formula.
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16th_FC_Report_Summary.pdf
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Report of the 16th Finance Commission for 2026-31

Report Summary PRS Legislative Research
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*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธInternational Labour Organization*

โ™Ÿ๏ธIt is an United Nations Agency established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, and it became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946.
โ™Ÿ๏ธIt has 187 Member states.
โ™Ÿ๏ธIt sets labour standards, develops policies and devises programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.
โ™Ÿ๏ธIt is the only tripartite U.N. agency that brings together governments, employers and workers.
โ™Ÿ๏ธIt is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
*๐Ÿ’ŽMajor Reports*
โ™Ÿ๏ธWorld Employment and Social Outlook (WESO),
โ™Ÿ๏ธGlobal Wage Report,
โ™Ÿ๏ธWorld Social Protection Report,
โ™Ÿ๏ธWorld Employment and Social Outlook for Youth,
โ™Ÿ๏ธWorld of Work Report.
*Indiaโ€™s Defence Budget 2026โ€“27: Strengthening Security & Self-Reliance ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ*

๐ŸŒŸ *Key Highlights* ๐ŸŒŸ

๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Historic Allocation: *โ‚น7.85 lakh crore defence budget* , highest among all ministries and around 15% higher than 2025.

๐Ÿš€ Future-Ready Armed Forces: *Over โ‚น2.19 lakh crore* allocated for modern fighter aircraft, ships, submarines, drones and advanced technologies.

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ Boost to Indigenous Industry: *โ‚น1.39 lakh crore reserved for domestic procurement* , with 75% capital acquisition earmarked for Indian manufacturers.

๐Ÿ”ฌ Innovation Push: *DRDO funding increased to โ‚น29,100.25 crore* , strengthening defence research and development.

๐Ÿ‘จโ€โœˆ๏ธ Veterans First: *โ‚น12,100 crore* allocated to ECHS and pensions supporting *over 34 lakh pensioners.*

๐Ÿ—๏ธ Strategic Infrastructure: *โ‚น7,394 crore for BRO* to expand roads, tunnels, bridges and airfields.
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธCultural Significance of Vijayanagara Empire [14thโ€“16th c.]*

*๐Ÿ’ŽReligious Pluralism*
โ™Ÿ๏ธPatronized Shaiva & Vaishnava sects, Dvaita & Advaita schools.
โ™Ÿ๏ธBoosted Bhakti movement, with temples as centres of devotion.
โ™Ÿ๏ธEncouraged coexistence of Muslims & Christians.

*๐Ÿ’ŽCultural Revival & Architecture*
โ™Ÿ๏ธPreserved indigenous traditions, commentaries on Vedas.
โ™Ÿ๏ธBuilt magnificent temples & palaces blending Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya & Chola styles.
โ™Ÿ๏ธExamples: Virupaksha, Vittala, Hazara Rama Temples (Hampi).

*๐Ÿ’ŽSculpture & Painting*
โ™Ÿ๏ธBronze & stone sculptures with royal, religious & mythological themes.
โ™Ÿ๏ธMurals (e.g., Lepakshi) depicting Hindu mythology.

*๐Ÿ’ŽLiterature & Music*
โ™Ÿ๏ธPatronized works in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Sanskrit (e.g., Tenali Raman, Krishnadevaraya).
โ™Ÿ๏ธHaridasa tradition infused Bhakti into Carnatic music.

*๐Ÿ’ŽDance*
โ™Ÿ๏ธInnovation in Devadasi Nritya (Bharatanatyam) & early Kuchipudi.
โ™Ÿ๏ธTemple sculptures depict dance poses & mudras.
*๐Ÿ›ก๏ธDirective Principles Of State policy DPSP*

โ™Ÿ๏ธThe constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state.

โ™Ÿ๏ธThese provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution.

โ™Ÿ๏ธDirective Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states.

โ™Ÿ๏ธThough these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.

โ™Ÿ๏ธThe idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the
Irish Republic .

โ™Ÿ๏ธThe Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people.

โ™Ÿ๏ธThe constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State
Policy.

โ™Ÿ๏ธThey are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles.

โ™Ÿ๏ธThey describe as the โ€˜conscience of the constitutionโ€™.

โ™Ÿ๏ธIn the โ€œState of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Baiโ€ case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them.