*🛡️HIGHEST MANGROVE cover with States/ UT🇮🇳*

♟️1. West Bengal
♟️2. Gujarat
♟️3. A and N
♟️4. Andhra Pradesh
♟️5. Maharashtra

*Prelims 2025*

♟️Karaivetti bird sanctuary - Tamilnadu

♟️Longwood Shola Forest - Tamilnadu

♟️Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve - Karnataka

♟️Aganashini - Karnataka

♟️Magadi Conservation Reserve - Karnataka

*Prelims 2025*

*🛡️Millet*

♟️India is the world’s largest producer of millets
♟️Within India, Rajasthan is the largest producer
♟️Among millet crops, Bajra (pearl millet) is the highest in production in India.

*Prelims 2025*

*🛡️Lithium-ion Battery*

♟️Lithium-ion battery is both a voltaic and electrolytic cell

🇮🇳Voltaic cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy (usage)
♟️Electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy (charging).

*Prelims 2025*

*🛡️On Fibre Optic Cables*

♟️Principle of Total Internal Reflection of Light
♟️Lower the refractive index of the cable, faster is the transmission of data

♟️Note - Core of the fibre has a higher refractive index than the cladding

*Prelims 2025*

*🛡️Bioaccumulation:-*

♟️Increase in pollutant concentration in one organism over a life-time.

♟️Biomagnification: Increase in pollutant concentration throughout the food chain.

♟️Please note: Bisphenol A (BPA) is related to plastic pollution.

*Prelims 2025*

*🛡️The Great Pacific Garbage Patch*

♟️Outcome of North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

♟️Note the currents in the main gyre too along with the fact that Hawaii is right in the middle of it.

♟️This topic is literally also a ‘convergence’ between env. and geo.

*Prelims 2025*

*💎Blue Carbon*

♟️CO2 stored in coastal and marine ecosystems. Example: Mangroves.

♟️Coastal ecosystems: only 2% of ocean surface but account for 50% of ocean carbon sequestration. It also has lot more capacity than the terrestrial forests in this regard.

♟️Note: Bio-mass burning results in Brown Carbon.

Prelims 2025

*🛡️Dead Sea*

*♟️Location:-* Tri-junction of Israel, West Bank and Jordan.

♟️It’s essentially a salt lake.

♟️Very high saline density (which is why people float on it)

♟️Halite found all around it is a type of salt.

Prelims 2025

*🛡️Some important dispute*

♟️Kuril islands dispute (Japan and Russia)

♟️Senakaku islands dispute (Japan and China)

♟️Liancourt Rocks dispute (Japan and Korea - S&N)

Prelims 2025

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