Civil Services Pdf Notes
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CivilServices Pdf Notes

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❇️ Download newspaper notes & editorial analysis (The Hindu) for UPSC IAS

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📌Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)

✔️It is an autonomous body established in 1994 under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare to promote agribusiness and empower small and marginal farmers

✔️Aim:- To encourage institutional and private sector investments and linkages to strengthen farmers' bargaining power and provide economies of scale

✔️SFAC has implemented various schemes👇

👉Equity Grant & Credit Guarantee Fund
👉Venture Capital Assistance
👉Farmer Producer Organization
👉National Agriculture Market schemes

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📌Corporate Debt Market Development Fund(CDMDF)

✔️About👇

✔️The Corporate Debt Market Development Fund (CDMDF) is a backstop facility for specified debt funds during market dislocations.

✔️The fund is intended to provide liquidity support in the event of a financial crisis.

✔️The proposed Corporate Debt Market Development Fund(CDMDF) will have an initial corpus of Rs 3,000 crore contributed by mutual funds.

✔️The government has approved a 10-time leverage of the fund (Additional corpus), thus Corporate Debt Market Development Fund(CDMDF) may raise funds up to Rs 30,000 crore.

✔️Contributions to the fund can be done by the specified debt-oriented mutual fund schemes and asset management companies of mutual funds.

✔️This fund is guaranteed by the National Credit Guarantee Trust Company (NCGTC) and the backstop facility will be managed by SBI Mutual Fund.

✔️Recently:- the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced the ‘Corporate Debt Market Development Fund’ to prevent financial crisis.

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📌Countries sharing Border with different Sea:-

✔️Caspian Sea:- TARIK ( TURKMENISTAN , AZERBAIJAN, RUSSIA, IRAN ,KAZAKHSTAN) .

✔️Black Sea:- GURR BuT ( GEORGIA, UKRAINE,RUSSIA , ROMANIA , BULGARIA , TURKEY)

✔️RED Sea:- DESSEY .( DJIBOUTI ,ERITTREA , SAUDI ARABIA,SUDAN, EGYPT, YEMEN )

✔️ARAL SEA:- UK ( UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN)

✔️Sea OF AZOV:- UR  ( UKRAIN AND RUSSIA)

✔️BALTIC Sea:- RuDe Germany SELL Poland and Finland. (RUSSIA , DENMARK , GERMANY , SWEDEN, ESTONIA , LATVIA , LITHUANIA , POLAND AND FINLAND )

✔️Aral Sea:- Kazakhstan  ,Uzbekistan.

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📌Defferent between Probiotics &
Prebiotics

📌Probiotics:-
✔️Are live microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body.
✔️They can be found in yogurt and other fermented foods, dietary supplements, and beauty products.

📌Prebiotics:-
✔️Are specialised plant fibers. They act like fertilizers that stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut.
✔️Prebiotics are found in many fruits and vegetables, especially those that contain complex carbohydrates, such as fiber and resistant starch.

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📌Pacific Ocean Trenches

1. Mariana Trench (Deepest) 
2. Tonga Trench 
3. Philippine Trench 
4. Kuril-Kamchatka Trench 
5. Kermadec Trench 
6. Aleutian Trench 
7. Ryuku Trench

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📌Atlantic Ocean Trenches

1. Puerto-Rico Trench 
2. South-Sandwich Trench 
3. Cayman Trench

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📌Indian Ocean Trenches

1. Sunda Trench(Java Trench) 
2. Diamantia Trench 
3. Chagos Trench

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📌Chilika Lake

✔️Chilika lake is Brackish Water lagoon, spread over the puri, khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on east coast of India, at the mouth of Daya river, flowing into the Bay of Bengal.

✔️It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the largest brackish water lagoon in the world after The New Caledonian barrier reef.

✔️It has been listed as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage site.

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🛡Archaeologists of Kerala University have unearthed a 5,200-year-old Harappan settlement at Padta Bet near Khatiya village in Kutch district of Gujarat through archaeological excavations.

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📌Ring of Fire

✔️The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

✔️It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.

✔️The abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire is caused by the amount of movement of tectonic plates in the area.

✔️75% of Earth’s volcanoes i.e. more than 450 volcanoes are located along the Ring of Fire.

✔️90% of Earth’s earthquakes occur along its path.

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📌 IMPORTANT FOLK PAINNTINGS

Warli  - Maharashtra
Pattachitra - Odisha
Kalamkari - Andhra Pradesh
Kalighat - Calcutta
Kalamezhuthu - Kerala
Thangka - Sikkim
Pithora Painting - Gujurat
Thanjavur - Tami Nadu
Madhubani, Manjusha (Snake painting)  - Bihar

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