🧩 Medical Mnemonics


Causes of delirium

🇮‌  ‌🇼‌‌🇦‌‌🇹‌‌🇨‌‌🇭‌    ‌🇩‌‌🇪‌‌🇦‌‌🇹‌‌🇭‌ ❗👽


🪧 🅘nfectious (encephalitis, meningitis, UTI)

🪧 🅦ithdrawal (alcohol, benzodiazepines)
🪧 🅐cute metabolic disorder (electrolyte imbalance)
🪧 🅣rauma (head injury, postoperative)
🪧 🅒NS pathology (stroke, hemorrhage, tumor)
🪧 🅗ypoxia (anemia, cardiac failure)

🪧 🅓eficiencies (vitamin B12, folic acid, thiamine)
🪧 🅔ndocrinopathies (thyroid, glucose)
🪧 🅐cute vascular (shock, vasculitis,
hypertension)
🪧 🅣oxins, substance use, medications
🪧 🅗eavy metals (arsenic, lead, mercury)

#psychiatry 
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🧩 Medical Mnemonics

Modified Alvarado score for diagnosis of appendicitis


🌎 🇨🇦 ‌🇲‌‌🇴‌‌🇳‌‌🇹‌‌🇷‌‌🇪‌‌🇦‌‌🇱‌


❕𝗠igration 𝗢f pain to right lower quadrant (1 point)

❕𝗡ausea and vomiting (1 point)

❕𝗧enderness in right lower quadrant (2 points)

❕𝗥ebound tenderness (1 point)

❕𝗘levated temperature (1 point)

❕𝗔norexia (1 point)

❕𝗟eukocytosis >10 × 10⁹/liter (2 points)



- Score of ≥4 indicates that the patient should be further evaluated for appendicitis.


#surgery
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©Medical Mnemonics

🧩 Medical Mnemonics


Hypokalemia causes


Eid Mubarak 🌺🌙 🎆🕋

⚡Enteric losses ( diarrhea)
⚡Insulin excess, Increase of Glucocorticoid (Cushing's, exogenous steroids, ectopic ACTH), Increased sweat losses
⚡Dialysis, Decrease of body temperature (hypothermia)

⚡Magnesium depletion
⚡Urinary losses(Diuretics)
⚡β-adrenergic activity, Bartter's or Gitelman's syndrome
⚡Alkalosis, Amphotericin B
⚡RTA types I and II
⚡Aldosteronism
⚡Ketoacidosis

#nephrology
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🧩 Medical Mnemonics

Differential diagnosis of elevated serum aminotransferases


🌠 ‌🇦‌‌🇧‌‌🇨‌‌🇩‌‌🇪‌‌🇫‌‌🇬‌‌🇭‌‌🇮‌


🪶 𝗔utoimmune hepatitis, 𝗔drenal insufficiency, 𝗔norexia nervosa
🪶 Hepatitis 𝗕
🪶 Hepatitis 𝗖, 𝗖eliac disease
🪶 𝗗rugs or toxins
🪶 𝗘thanol
🪶 𝗙atty liver
🪶 𝗚enetic disorders (Wilson disease, Hemochromatosis, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)
🪶 𝗛emodynamic disorders (CHF and MI)
🪶 𝗜nfiltration of the liver by malignancy, 𝗜njury to muscle (strenuous exercise, myopathy)

#gastroenterology
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©Medical Mnemonics

On MCU RESEARCH COLLABORATION, we provide you:

- Language revision
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- Submitting the manuscript
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👌 And Much More!

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🧩 Medical Mnemonics

Learn 🫧 SOAP BUBBLE appearance in Giant cell tumor of bone by #visual_mnemonics.

💻 Join us in the official Instagram page: Online Medical School

#radiology 
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⚠ 🔔 𝐒𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐀 𝐑𝐀𝐈𝐍𝐘 𝐃𝐀𝐘 ! ⤵


1. 🧩 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗦 (𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗬)

2. 𝗖𝗔𝗦𝗘 - 𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗖𝗤𝗦 💯

3. 🇨🇦 𝗠𝗖𝗖𝗤𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡

4. 🩺 𝗘𝗗𝗟 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗢𝗦 (𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗢𝗢𝗞𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗞𝗦)

5. 📚 𝗘𝗗𝗟 𝗣𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠

6. 🏛 𝗢𝗡𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗟

7. 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗬 𝗜𝗡 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗬 🇩🇪

8. 𝗣𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗔 🇦🇺

9. 𝗠𝗕𝗕𝗦 & 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗬 𝗜𝗡 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 🇮🇹

10. 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗬 𝗜𝗡 𝗨𝗞 🇬🇧

11. 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗬 𝗜𝗡 𝗨𝗦 🇺🇸

12. 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗬 𝗜𝗡 𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗗𝗔 🇨🇦

13. 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗢𝗢𝗞𝗦 🇫🇷

14. 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗕𝗢𝗢𝗞𝗦 🇩🇪

15. 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛 🎓

16. 📸 𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬 𝗔𝗧𝗟𝗔𝗦

17. 𝗢𝗘𝗧 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 🔡

18. 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗭𝗢𝗡 🌐

19. 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧 - 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗖𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧 🌀

20. 📝 𝗨𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗘𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗢𝗕𝗝𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗦

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🧩 Medical Mnemonics


The 4 ‌🇦‌‌'s of Guillain-Barré
syndrome 📝

✖ 𝗔cute inflammatory demyelinating
polyradiculopathy
✖ 𝗔scending paralysis
✖ 𝗔utonomic neuropathy
✖ 𝗔lbuminocytologic dissociation (increased albumin in CSF)


#neurology
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🧩 Medical Mnemonics

Crigler-Najjar and Gilbert have problems with CoNjuGation of bilirubin while Dubin-Johnson and Rotor have a defective DooR for secretion of bilirubin.

#in_a_tweet
#pediatrics
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©Medical Mnemonics

Today, Medical Channels Union (MCU) launches a new group for cardiology enthusiasts;

🤓 Cardiology Cases is considering helping medical staff to become highly skilled in cardiology, particularly ECG interpretation.

🔗 https://t.me/Cardiology_Cases

🤝 We also welcome cardiologists from around the world to help us as group administrators.

Invite your Friends 🙋‍♂ 🦋

A 40-year-old man is evaluated for palpitations in the emergency department. He has had these symptoms several times over the past year but this episode is worse. He denies any associated chest pain, lightheadedness, or syncope. He denies any history of medical problems and takes no medications. Examination reveals an adult male in no significant distress. Cardiac examination is significant for regular tachycardia with no jugular venous pressure elevation. Lungs are clear without crackles or wheezing. There is no lower extremity edema. ECG shown below. What is the best intervention at this point?


A. Valsalva maneuver
B. Adenosine
C. Metoprolol
D. Digoxin
E. Cardioversion

The correct answer is A.

Supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) include paroxysmal, reentry, or preexcitation tachycardias. Reentry SVTs include AV nodal reentry (AVNRT), atrioventricular reentry, or atrial reentry. Reentry circuits require the presence of at least two different conduction pathways with differential refractory times. It is characterized by an abrupt onset and termination of tachycardia, that distinguishes it from sinus tachycardia, which has gradual changes in rate. It is precipitated by a premature atrial or ventricular contraction or hyperadrenergic state. Other triggers include hyperthyroidism and stimulants, including caffeine, drugs, and alcohol. This patient has supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) likely related to atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and he has no concerning symptoms.

The ECG shows a regular, fast rhythm with absent P waves and a narrow QRS complex. Unstable patients require immediate synchronized cardioversion. Stable patients, such as the patient above, should first undergo vagal maneuvers. Some common vagal maneuvers include holding your breath and bearing down (Valsalva maneuver), coughing, gagging, and immersing your face in ice-cold water. If vagal maneuvers are unsuccessful, adenosine is used both diagnostically and therapeutically. Adenosine transiently blocks the AV-node and allows the circuit to “reset.”


⚠Choice B is not correct:

Adenosine is very short acting and can be used if vagal maneuvers fail to terminate the arrhythmia.

⚠Choice C is not correct:

Metoprolol would also be considered if the above measures failed.

⚠Choice D is not correct:

Digoxin would also inhibit the AV node but has more potential side effects than the other medications and is rarely used for this purpose.

⚠Choice E is not correct:

Cardioversion would be reserved for hemodynamic instability including hypotension, heart failure, or angina.

Summarized Points:

This patient has SVT likely related to AVNRT and he has no concerning symptoms. The initial attempts at termination should use vagal maneuvers such as the Valsalva maneuver.