FACTS ABOUT DIAMOND SUTRA :

# Mahayana Buddhism text

# Sanskrit text

# originally discovered in China

# it is relatively short , only 6000 words and is a part of a larger canon of "sutras"

# the Diamond Sutra takes the form of a conversation between the Buddha's pupil Subhati and his master

# WHY IS IT "DIAMOND"
A full translation of the document's title is "The diamond that Cuts Through Illusion ".
This sutra helps cut through perceptions of the world and it's illusion.

# Diamond sutra is the WORLD'S OLDEST DATED PRINTED BOOK ( printed over some 1100 years ago )

Since UN ECOSOC is in news 👆👆👆, I will frame mcqs on UN & ECOSOC from my class notes ...& Will share with you all...

UN ECOSOC : ( Economic & Social council )

* One of the 6 primary organs of UN

* 54 seats based on geographical representation

* Members are elected from UNGA for a period of 3 years

* A country requires two-third of total votes to become a member of UN ECOSOC

* Decisions are taken by Simple Majority ( social and economic discussions )

* President of ECOSOC changes annually

* NGO'S are also given "consultative status" at ECOSOC.

FUNCTIONS OF ECOSOC -
a) directs and coordinates the economic , social , humanitarian and cultural activities among the UN nations.
b) conducts studies pertaining to social development, status of women , human rights , environment issues , narcotics etc .
c) sends report to UNGA

UN ECOSOC has many subsidiary bodies ----

1) Functional Commissions
* Commission on population & development
* Commission on Status of Women ( it's in news 👆👆👆)
* Commission on UN Statistical Commission
* Commission on Narcotics
* Commission on forum on forest
* Commission on science and tech.......etc ......

2) Regional Commissions
* UN Economic & Social Commission on Asia Pacific ( UNESCAP )
* UN Economic Commission on Europe ( UNECE )
* UN Economic Commission on Africa ( UNECA )
* UN Economic & Social Commission on Western Africa ( UN ESWA )

3) Standing Committees
* Committee on intergovernmental agencies
* Committee on NGO's
* Committee on programme and coordination
* Etc ..

United Commission on Status of Women ( CSW )

* a Functional Commission of the UN ECOSOC
* 1946 - Formation
* Hq - New York
* Promotes gender equality and sets standards for women empowerment.
* India elected as a member of CSW for a 4-year term ( 2021 - 2025 )

YALTA CONFERENCE :

* aka "Crimea conference"

* Code name - "Argonaut Conference"

* Held in 1945 ( February )

* The conference was between the "BIG THREE" ( US , UK , SOVIET UNION )

* Aim - to shape a post - war peace that represented not just a collective security order but a plan to give self- determination to the liberated peoples of post-nazi Europe.

* Eventually, in 1945 , The UN was formed to preserve world peace and to avoid another world war .

* There were 3 major war-time ( WW-||) conferences 👇
a) Tehran conference ( 1943 )
b) Yalta conference ( 1945 - feb)
c) Potsdam conference ( 1945 - july )

M. VISVESVARAYA -

* Indian civil engineer and statesman

* Diwan of Mysore ( 1912 - 1919 )

* He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire by King George for his contributions to public good .

* He was the chief engineer of the Krishna Raja Sagar dam in Mysore city.

* He introduced "block system of irrigation " in the Deccan canals in 1899.

* This solved the problem of the "muddy and discolored" water in the city of Sukkur located on the backs of river INDUS.

* He invented automatic gates meant to regulate the flow of water in reservoirs. The Krishna Raja Sagar dam was the first to install these gates .

* He is known to have designed and planned an entire area of JAYANAGAR (Bangalore), one of the first planned neighbourhoods in Bangalore and , at that time , the largest in Asia.

* Books by him ---
"Reconstructing INDIA" (1920)
"Planned Economy of India* (1934)

polity misc CA - ( Anglo-indian, Nixon Joseph case, TMA PAI case ( art 30 ), USCIRF & reports.pdf

Some polity extra CA covered in yesterday class ...👆👆👆

Above Ques explanation 👆👆👆