Q.852) Consider the following statements.

1. The State Executive has the power to borrow, within the territory of India upon the security of the revenues of the state .

2. The Government of India may itself offer a loan to a State, under a law made by Parliament.

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Borrowing Powers of the Union and the states :-

* The Union shall have unlimited power of borrowing, upon the security of the revenues of India either within India or outside. The Union Executive shall exercise the power subject only to such limits as may be fixed by Parliament from time to time. (Article 292).

* The borrowing power of a state is , however , subject to a number of constitutional limitations :-

a) It cannot borrow outside India. Under the Govt of India Act, 1935, the states had the power to borrow outside India with the consent of the Centre. But this power is totally denied to the states by the Constitution ; the Union shall have the sole right to enter into International monetary market in the matter of borrowing.

b) The State Executive shall have the power to borrow, within the territory of India upon the security of the revenues of the state ; subject to the following conditions.

✅ Limitations as may be imposed by the state Legislature

✅ If the Union has guaranteed an outstanding loan of the state , no fresh loan can be raised by the state without consent of the Union Government.

✅ The Govt of India may itself offer a loan to a state, under a law made by Parliament. So long as such a loan or any part thereof remains outstanding, no fresh loan can be raised by the state without the consent of the Govt of India. The Govt of India may impose terms in giving it's consent as above. (Article 293)

Q.854) Consider the following statements with reference to the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) setup under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.

1. The permission from NBA is required for Indians carrying out research on genetic resources in India.

2. No permission is needed for government sponsored collaborative research projects as long the research falls within the policy guidelines drawn up by the Central Govt.

Q.855) Consider the following statements with reference to National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.

1. Since NBA primarily deals with use of genetic resources , it has no right to block a biotechnology research.

2. When the Act defines "commercialize", it also specifically includes the use of genetic materials in agriculture and animal husbandry.

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Q.856) Consider the following statements with reference to Ancient History.

1. The Satavahanas were the first to grant tax free land to Brahmanas and Jains.

2. The official language of the Satavahanas was Sanskrit.