*Q) Which one of the following Constitutional Amendments lowered the voting age from 21 years to 18 years?*
*Q) निम्नलिखित में से किस संवैधानिक संशोधन द्वारा मतदान की आयु 21 वर्ष से घटाकर 18 वर्ष की गई?*

A) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 / 42वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1976 ❤️
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978 / 44वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1978 🙏
C) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 / 61वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1988 👍
D) 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 / 73वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1992 🥰

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✅ Answer: C) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 👍

• Passed in 1988.

• Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years.

• Amended Article 326 of the Constitution.

• Increased participation of youth in elections.

• Came into force on 28 March 1989.

📌 UPSC Fact: The voting age in India was originally 21 years and was lowered to 18 years through the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988. ✅

*Q) Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution?*
*Q) निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा भारतीय संविधान के अंतर्गत मौलिक अधिकार नहीं है?*

A) Right to Equality / समानता का अधिकार ❤️
B) Right to Freedom / स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार 🙏
C) Right to Property / संपत्ति का अधिकार 👍
D) Right against Exploitation / शोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार 🥰

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*Q) Which Constitutional Amendment Act is known as the “Mini Constitution” of India?*
*Q) भारत के किस संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम को “लघु संविधान (Mini Constitution)” कहा जाता है?*

A) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 ❤️
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978 🙏
C) 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 👍
D) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 🥰

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*Q) Which Constitutional Amendment Act introduced the Anti-Defection Law in India?*
*Q) भारत में दल-बदल विरोधी कानून किस संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम द्वारा लागू किया गया था?*

A) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 🙏
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978 👍
C) 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 ❤️
D) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 🥰
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✅ Answer: C) 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 ❤️
• The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985 introduced the Anti-Defection Law in India.
• It added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution.
• The law aims to prevent political defections motivated by office, power, or other benefits.
• Members can be disqualified if they voluntarily give up party membership or vote against the party whip without permission.
• The decision on disqualification is made by the Speaker or Chairman of the House.
📌 UPSC Fact: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 further strengthened the Anti-Defection Law by restricting the size of the Council of Ministers and removing the provision that allowed protection for splits in political parties. ✅

*Q) ‘Open Market Operations’ are related to:*
*Q) ‘खुले बाजार परिचालन’ किससे संबंधित हैं?*
*____*
A) Fiscal Policy 🙏

B) Monetary Policy 👍

C) Trade Policy 🥰

D) Industrial Policy ❤️
*______*
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