Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*๐ก๏ธMajor Wildlife Institutes*
โ๏ธIndian Zoological Survey Centre โ Kolkata
โ๏ธCentre for Ecological Sciences โ Bengaluru
โ๏ธIndian Institute of Forest Management โ Bhopal
โ๏ธGovind Ballabh Pant Institute โ Almora (Uttarakhand)
โ๏ธIndian Forest College โ Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
โ๏ธIndian Forest Survey Centre โ Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
โ๏ธIndian Institute of Ecology and Environment โ New Delhi
โ๏ธIndian Forest Ranger College โ Dehradun
โ๏ธIndian Wildlife Research Institute โ Dehradun
โ๏ธIndian Zoological Survey Centre Kolkata
โ๏ธIndian Wildlife Research Institute โ Dehradun
โ๏ธIndian Botanical Garden โ Kolkata
โ๏ธSalim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) โ Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
โ๏ธNational Environmental Research Institute โ Nagpur
โ๏ธRainforest Research Institute โ Jorhat
โ๏ธForest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute - Coimbatore
โ๏ธForest Productivity Centre โ Ranchi
โ๏ธCentral Avian Research Institute - Izzatnagar, Bareilly.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟ
โ๏ธIndian Zoological Survey Centre โ Kolkata
โ๏ธCentre for Ecological Sciences โ Bengaluru
โ๏ธIndian Institute of Forest Management โ Bhopal
โ๏ธGovind Ballabh Pant Institute โ Almora (Uttarakhand)
โ๏ธIndian Forest College โ Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
โ๏ธIndian Forest Survey Centre โ Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
โ๏ธIndian Institute of Ecology and Environment โ New Delhi
โ๏ธIndian Forest Ranger College โ Dehradun
โ๏ธIndian Wildlife Research Institute โ Dehradun
โ๏ธIndian Zoological Survey Centre Kolkata
โ๏ธIndian Wildlife Research Institute โ Dehradun
โ๏ธIndian Botanical Garden โ Kolkata
โ๏ธSalim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) โ Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
โ๏ธNational Environmental Research Institute โ Nagpur
โ๏ธRainforest Research Institute โ Jorhat
โ๏ธForest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute - Coimbatore
โ๏ธForest Productivity Centre โ Ranchi
โ๏ธCentral Avian Research Institute - Izzatnagar, Bareilly.
๏ปฟ๏ปฟ
โค2
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*๐ก๏ธPacific Ocean*
*๐Warm Currents:-*
โ๏ธ1. Kuroshio Current (Japan Current)
โ๏ธ2. North Equatorial Current
โ๏ธ3. South Equatorial Current
โ๏ธ4. East Australian Current
โ๏ธ5. Equatorial Counter Current
โ๏ธ6. Alaskan Current
*๐Cold Currents:-*
โ๏ธ1. Oyashio Current
โ๏ธ2. California Current
โ๏ธ3. Peru Current (Humboldt Current)
โ๏ธ4. West Wind Drift (part of Antarctic Circumpolar Current).
*๐Warm Currents:-*
โ๏ธ1. Kuroshio Current (Japan Current)
โ๏ธ2. North Equatorial Current
โ๏ธ3. South Equatorial Current
โ๏ธ4. East Australian Current
โ๏ธ5. Equatorial Counter Current
โ๏ธ6. Alaskan Current
*๐Cold Currents:-*
โ๏ธ1. Oyashio Current
โ๏ธ2. California Current
โ๏ธ3. Peru Current (Humboldt Current)
โ๏ธ4. West Wind Drift (part of Antarctic Circumpolar Current).
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*Supporting Balanced Fertilization:*
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025โ26*
_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_
Key Highlights
๐พ The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025โ26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.
๐ฐ The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025โ26* is approximately *โน37,952 crore ,about โน736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.
๐ Over *โน2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022โ23 and 2024โ25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.
๐ญ NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
*Nutrient-Based Subsidy Rates for Rabi 2025โ26*
_Ensuring affordability and productivity in Indian agriculture_
Key Highlights
๐พ The Government *approved the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Rabi 2025โ26* , effective from 1 October 2025 to 31 March 2026, covering Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilizers, including DAP and NPKS grades.
๐ฐ The *tentative budgetary requirement for Rabi 2025โ26* is approximately *โน37,952 crore ,about โน736 crore higher* than the budgetary requirement for the Kharif 2025 season.
๐ Over *โน2.04 lakh crore allocated* between 2022โ23 and 2024โ25 towards *NBS subsidies* , ensuring affordable access to fertilizers.
๐ญ NBS has driven *significant growth in domestic fertilizer production* , with P&K fertilizers (DAP and NPKS) output *increasing from 112.19 LMT in 2014 to 168.55 LMT in 2025* (as on 30.12.2025), reflecting over *50% growth* during the period.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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๐ Enrol before the window shuts: https://studyiq.u9ilnk.me/d/AmJ7jhlx7l
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โค1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
UPPSC Exam Calendar 2026
UPPSC Mains 2025 29 March
UPPSC Prelims 2026 6th December
UPPSC Mains 2025 29 March
UPPSC Prelims 2026 6th December
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*๐ก๏ธDead Sea*
โ๏ธThe Dead Sea, also known as the Salt Sea, is a saline lake in southwestern Asialocated between Jordan and Israel.
โ๏ธIt lies to the east of the Mediterranean Sea and south of the Sea of Galilee.
โ๏ธIt lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River.
โ๏ธIt is deepest Hypersaline Lake in the world.
โ๏ธTo the west of the Dead Sea, the Judaean Mountains rise less steeply and are much lower than the mountains to the East.
โ๏ธIt is located at an elevation of 5 meters below sea level, making it the Earthโs lowest land-based feature.
โ๏ธ *Salinity* The Dead Sea is one of the Earthโs saltiest water bodies, almost ten times saltier than ordinary seawaters. It has a salinity of 34.2%.
โ๏ธIt is the fourth saltiest body of water in the world, ranking behind Antarcticaโs Don Juan Pond and Lake Vanda, and Djiboutiโs Lake Assal.
โ๏ธThe Dead Sea has one main inlet (the Jordan River) but does not have an outlet and so loses its water mainly through evaporation.
โ๏ธThe high saline level and the harsh climate make the lake devoid of life, except for algae and other microorganisms.
โ๏ธIt has a density of 1.240 kg/L, which makes swimming in its waters similar to floating.
โ๏ธThe Dead Sea, also known as the Salt Sea, is a saline lake in southwestern Asialocated between Jordan and Israel.
โ๏ธIt lies to the east of the Mediterranean Sea and south of the Sea of Galilee.
โ๏ธIt lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River.
โ๏ธIt is deepest Hypersaline Lake in the world.
โ๏ธTo the west of the Dead Sea, the Judaean Mountains rise less steeply and are much lower than the mountains to the East.
โ๏ธIt is located at an elevation of 5 meters below sea level, making it the Earthโs lowest land-based feature.
โ๏ธ *Salinity* The Dead Sea is one of the Earthโs saltiest water bodies, almost ten times saltier than ordinary seawaters. It has a salinity of 34.2%.
โ๏ธIt is the fourth saltiest body of water in the world, ranking behind Antarcticaโs Don Juan Pond and Lake Vanda, and Djiboutiโs Lake Assal.
โ๏ธThe Dead Sea has one main inlet (the Jordan River) but does not have an outlet and so loses its water mainly through evaporation.
โ๏ธThe high saline level and the harsh climate make the lake devoid of life, except for algae and other microorganisms.
โ๏ธIt has a density of 1.240 kg/L, which makes swimming in its waters similar to floating.
โค2
*๐ก๏ธMineral and Energy Resources โ Key Points*
*โ๏ธMineral resources*- Metallic & Non-metallic
*โ๏ธMetallic*- Ferrous (iron ore) & Non-ferrous (copper)
*โ๏ธNon-metallic*- Organic (coal, petroleum) & Inorganic (mica, limestone)
*โ๏ธExploration by*- GSI, IBM, & State Departments
*๐Mineral Belts in India*
*โ๏ธ1. North-Eastern*- iron ore, coal, bauxite
*โ๏ธ2. South-Western*- ferrous metals, bauxite
*โ๏ธ3. North-Western*- copper, building stones
*โ๏ธOdisha*- largest iron ore & bauxite producer
*โ๏ธMadhya Pradesh & Odisha*- major manganese producers
*โ๏ธAndhra Pradesh*- largest mica producer
*โ๏ธJharkhand*- highest coal reserves
*โ๏ธChhattisgarh*- top coal producer
*โ๏ธRajasthan*- top petroleum producer
*โ๏ธUranium & Thorium*- vital for nuclear energy
*โ๏ธRenewables*- solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas
*โ๏ธMineral resources*- Metallic & Non-metallic
*โ๏ธMetallic*- Ferrous (iron ore) & Non-ferrous (copper)
*โ๏ธNon-metallic*- Organic (coal, petroleum) & Inorganic (mica, limestone)
*โ๏ธExploration by*- GSI, IBM, & State Departments
*๐Mineral Belts in India*
*โ๏ธ1. North-Eastern*- iron ore, coal, bauxite
*โ๏ธ2. South-Western*- ferrous metals, bauxite
*โ๏ธ3. North-Western*- copper, building stones
*โ๏ธOdisha*- largest iron ore & bauxite producer
*โ๏ธMadhya Pradesh & Odisha*- major manganese producers
*โ๏ธAndhra Pradesh*- largest mica producer
*โ๏ธJharkhand*- highest coal reserves
*โ๏ธChhattisgarh*- top coal producer
*โ๏ธRajasthan*- top petroleum producer
*โ๏ธUranium & Thorium*- vital for nuclear energy
*โ๏ธRenewables*- solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas
โค1
*๐ *Economic Survey 2025-26*
India transitions towards a high-growth and resilient economy*
*Key Takeaways*
๐ *Real GDP growth for FY27 projected in the range of 6.8-7.2%*
โ๏ธ *Inflation* fell to historic lows, averaging *1.7% in Apr-Dec 2025*
๐ญ *All major sectors contributed to growth* , with manufacturing gaining momentum, and services leading expansion
๐ *Record exports of USD 825.3 billion in FY25* , registering a 6.1% year-on-year growth
๐ฐ*Fiscal position strengthened* , with improved revenue buoyancy and rising capital expenditure
๐Monetary conditions supportive; *Repo rate at 5.25% in December 2025*
India transitions towards a high-growth and resilient economy*
*Key Takeaways*
๐ *Real GDP growth for FY27 projected in the range of 6.8-7.2%*
โ๏ธ *Inflation* fell to historic lows, averaging *1.7% in Apr-Dec 2025*
๐ญ *All major sectors contributed to growth* , with manufacturing gaining momentum, and services leading expansion
๐ *Record exports of USD 825.3 billion in FY25* , registering a 6.1% year-on-year growth
๐ฐ*Fiscal position strengthened* , with improved revenue buoyancy and rising capital expenditure
๐Monetary conditions supportive; *Repo rate at 5.25% in December 2025*
โค1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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