Sociology Paper II 2025.pdf
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geog optional paper 2.pdf
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History Optional Paper - 2 (2025) (2).pdf
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eco optional -2.pdf
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Anthropology Paper II - CSE MAINS 2025.pdf
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PSIR-2.pdf
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🔼🔼Now ONLY #9 copies of CONCISED GS NOTES are available at Heavy Discount. #491copies Sold out.🔼🔼
📚Consized Ancient History Notes
📚Consized Medieval History notes
📚Consized Modern History Notes
📚Consized Art & Culture Notes
📚Consized Indian Geography Notes
📚Consized World Geography Notes
📚Consized Physical Geography
📚Consized Agriculture Notes
📚Consized Indian Economy
✅ All ABOVE Consized Notes at RS149 Only
https://www.instamojo.com/civilservicesbooks/concise-notes-on-indian-geography-indian-agr/?discount=august23 🔼
📚Consized Ancient History Notes
📚Consized Medieval History notes
📚Consized Modern History Notes
📚Consized Art & Culture Notes
📚Consized Indian Geography Notes
📚Consized World Geography Notes
📚Consized Physical Geography
📚Consized Agriculture Notes
📚Consized Indian Economy
✅ All ABOVE Consized Notes at RS149 Only
https://www.instamojo.com/civilservicesbooks/concise-notes-on-indian-geography-indian-agr/?discount=august23 🔼
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“A machine with strong brakes but no engine” Jawaharlal Nehru said this Statement for which of the following?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Government of India Act 1919
48%
Government of India Act 1935
20%
Cabinet Mission Plan
18%
Cripps Mission Plan
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
UP PCS PRE PAPER 1GS.pdf
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UPPSC Prelims 2025 GS 1st paper
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Nobel Peace Prize 2025
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the 2025 #NobelPeacePrize to Maria Corina Machado for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.
रॉयल नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति ने 2025 का नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार मारिया कोरीना मचाडो को देने का निर्णय लिया है
वेनेज़ुएला के लोगों के लिए लोकतांत्रिक अधिकारों को बढ़ावा देने और तानाशाही से लोकतंत्र की ओर एक न्यायपूर्ण एवं शांतिपूर्ण परिवर्तन के लिए उनके अथक प्रयासों के सम्मान में।
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the 2025 #NobelPeacePrize to Maria Corina Machado for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.
रॉयल नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिति ने 2025 का नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार मारिया कोरीना मचाडो को देने का निर्णय लिया है
वेनेज़ुएला के लोगों के लिए लोकतांत्रिक अधिकारों को बढ़ावा देने और तानाशाही से लोकतंत्र की ओर एक न्यायपूर्ण एवं शांतिपूर्ण परिवर्तन के लिए उनके अथक प्रयासों के सम्मान में।
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Nobel Prize in Literature 2025
The 2025 #NobelPrize in Literature is awarded to the Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.
2025 का साहित्य का नोबेल पुरस्कार हंगरी के लेखक लास्लो क्रास्नाहोर्काई को दिया गया है.
उनकी प्रभावशाली और दूरदर्शी रचनाओं के लिए, जो प्रलयकारी भय के बीच भी कला की शक्ति की पुनर्पुष्टि करती हैं।
The 2025 #NobelPrize in Literature is awarded to the Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.
2025 का साहित्य का नोबेल पुरस्कार हंगरी के लेखक लास्लो क्रास्नाहोर्काई को दिया गया है.
उनकी प्रभावशाली और दूरदर्शी रचनाओं के लिए, जो प्रलयकारी भय के बीच भी कला की शक्ति की पुनर्पुष्टि करती हैं।
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2025 #NobelPrize in Chemistry to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi “for the development of metal–organic frameworks.
रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज ने 2025 का रसायन विज्ञान का नोबेल पुरस्कार सुसुमु कितागावा, रिचर्ड रॉबसन और ओमर एम. यागी को देने का निर्णय लिया है
मेटल–ऑर्गेनिक फ्रेमवर्क्स (Metal–Organic Frameworks) के विकास के लिए।.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2025 #NobelPrize in Chemistry to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi “for the development of metal–organic frameworks.
रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज ने 2025 का रसायन विज्ञान का नोबेल पुरस्कार सुसुमु कितागावा, रिचर्ड रॉबसन और ओमर एम. यागी को देने का निर्णय लिया है
मेटल–ऑर्गेनिक फ्रेमवर्क्स (Metal–Organic Frameworks) के विकास के लिए।.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Nobel Prize in Physics 2025
एक विद्युत परिपथ (electric circuit) में विशाल स्तर पर क्वांटम यांत्रिक टनलिंग (macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling) और ऊर्जा क्वांटीकरण (energy quantisation) की खोज के लिए।
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2025 #NobelPrize in Physics to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.
रॉयल स्वीडिश एकेडमी ऑफ साइंसेज ने 2025 का भौतिकी का नोबेल पुरस्कार जॉन क्लार्क, मिशेल एच. डेवरैट और जॉन एम. मार्टिनिस को देने का निर्णय लिया है एक विद्युत परिपथ (electric circuit) में विशाल स्तर पर क्वांटम यांत्रिक टनलिंग (macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling) और ऊर्जा क्वांटीकरण (energy quantisation) की खोज के लिए।
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025
The 2025 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Marie Brunko, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for discoveries concerning immune tolerance.फिजियोलॉजी या मेडिसिन के लिए 2025 का नोबेल पुरस्कार मैरी ब्रंको, फ्रेड रैम्सडेल और शिमोन सकागुची को "इम्यून टॉलरेंस" से संबंधित खोजों के लिए प्रदान किया गया हैForwarded from UPSC Prelims Mains Notes
*🛡️Ajivika Philosophy* – Key Idea Only
*💎Founder*
♟️Makkhali Gosala
*💎Core Belief System*
♟️Strict determinism — belief in destiny (Niyati)
♟️Rejects karma — everything is preordained, no role of karma in liberation
*💎Path to Salvation*
♟️Liberation is automatic through cycles of rebirth, no conscious effort required
*💎Founder*
♟️Makkhali Gosala
*💎Core Belief System*
♟️Strict determinism — belief in destiny (Niyati)
♟️Rejects karma — everything is preordained, no role of karma in liberation
*💎Path to Salvation*
♟️Liberation is automatic through cycles of rebirth, no conscious effort required
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Mains Notes
*🛡️Tropical Rain Destabilises Oceans Only When Light*
*💎Key Findings*
♟️Scientists earlier believed rain makes the ocean’s surface more buoyant (due to freshwater being lighter)
♟️New study (Univ. of Washington, July 2025) finds light rain destabilises the ocean, but heavy rain stabilises it
*💎Mechanism*
♟️Rain in tropics often comes with cold pools (cold, dry air + clouds)
♟️These cool the surface, block sunlight & transfer heat to air
♟️Thus, heavier rain makes surface cooler and more stable
♟️Light rain (0.2–4 mm/hr) increases mixing, while heavy rain = negative buoyancy flux (surface stays more stable)
*💎Additional Observations*
♟️Rainfall at night destabilises oceans more than during the day
♟️Researchers identified:
*⚜️Cold Rain Zone* (W. Pacific & Indian Ocean): High heat loss
*⚜️Hot Rain Zone* (Central Pacific): Less heat loss
*💎Impact on Climate*
♟️Ocean mixing affects carbon, heat, nutrient transport
♟️Rainfall dynamics influence weather and climate models
♟️Study highlights risk of prediction errors due to simplistic assumptions.
*💎Key Findings*
♟️Scientists earlier believed rain makes the ocean’s surface more buoyant (due to freshwater being lighter)
♟️New study (Univ. of Washington, July 2025) finds light rain destabilises the ocean, but heavy rain stabilises it
*💎Mechanism*
♟️Rain in tropics often comes with cold pools (cold, dry air + clouds)
♟️These cool the surface, block sunlight & transfer heat to air
♟️Thus, heavier rain makes surface cooler and more stable
♟️Light rain (0.2–4 mm/hr) increases mixing, while heavy rain = negative buoyancy flux (surface stays more stable)
*💎Additional Observations*
♟️Rainfall at night destabilises oceans more than during the day
♟️Researchers identified:
*⚜️Cold Rain Zone* (W. Pacific & Indian Ocean): High heat loss
*⚜️Hot Rain Zone* (Central Pacific): Less heat loss
*💎Impact on Climate*
♟️Ocean mixing affects carbon, heat, nutrient transport
♟️Rainfall dynamics influence weather and climate models
♟️Study highlights risk of prediction errors due to simplistic assumptions.
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Mains Notes
🛡️ *Significance Of Fundamental Duties*
♟️They serve as a reminder to the citizens that while enjoying their rights, they should also be conscious of duties they owe to their country, their society and to their fellow citizens.
♟️They serve as a warning against the anti-national and anti-social activities like burning the national flag, destroying public property and so on.
♟️They serve as a source of inspiration for the citizens and promote a sense of discipline and commitment among them.
♟️They help the courts in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a law.
♟️They are enforceable by law. Hence, the Parliament can provide for the imposition of appropriate penalty or punishment for failure to fulfil any of them.
♟️They serve as a reminder to the citizens that while enjoying their rights, they should also be conscious of duties they owe to their country, their society and to their fellow citizens.
♟️They serve as a warning against the anti-national and anti-social activities like burning the national flag, destroying public property and so on.
♟️They serve as a source of inspiration for the citizens and promote a sense of discipline and commitment among them.
♟️They help the courts in examining and determining the constitutional validity of a law.
♟️They are enforceable by law. Hence, the Parliament can provide for the imposition of appropriate penalty or punishment for failure to fulfil any of them.
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