from functools import partial

   def multiply(x, y):
       return x * y

   double = partial(multiply, 2)
   print(double(5))  # Вывод: 10
   

   from functools import reduce

   numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
   product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, numbers)
   print(product)  # Вывод: 24
   

   from functools import lru_cache

   @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
   def fibonacci(n):
       if n < 2:
           return n
       return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

   print(fibonacci(10))  # Вывод: 55
   

   from functools import wraps

   def my_decorator(func):
       @wraps(func)
       def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
           print("Что-то делаем перед вызовом функции")
           return func(*args, **kwargs)
       return wrapper

   @my_decorator
   def say_hello():
       """Выводит приветствие."""
       print("Привет!")

   print(say_hello.__name__)  # Вывод: say_hello
   print(say_hello.__doc__)   # Вывод: Выводит приветствие.
   

   from functools import total_ordering

   @total_ordering
   class Point:
       def __init__(self, x, y):
           self.x = x
           self.y = y

       def __eq__(self, other):
           return (self.x, self.y) == (other.x, other.y)

       def __lt__(self, other):
           return (self.x, self.y) < (other.x, other.y)

   p1 = Point(1, 2)
   p2 = Point(3, 4)
   print(p1 < p2)  # Вывод: True
   print(p1 <= p2)  # Вывод: True