class A:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.x = x

    def __iadd__(self, another):
        self.x += another.x
        return self

    def __add__(self, another):
        return type(self)(self.x + another.x)

>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> b = a
>>> a += [4]
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> b
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> a = a + [5]
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> b
[1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> first_odd = None
>>> for x in [2, 3, 4, 5]:
...     if x % 2 == 1:
...         first_odd = x
...         break
... else:
...     raise ValueError('В списке нет нечетных элементов')
...
>>> first_odd
3

>>> for x in [2, 4, 6]:
...     if x % 2 == 1:
...         first_odd = x
...         break
... else:
...     raise ValueError('В списке нет нечетных элементов')
...
...
ValueError: В списке нет нечетных элементов

with open('f') as f:
    with open('g') as g:
        with open('h') as h:
            pass

o = open
with o('f') as f, o('g') as g, o('h') as h:
    pass

with nested(o('f'), o('g'), o('h')) as (f, g, h):
    pass

with ExitStack() as stack:
    f = stack.enter_context(o('f'))
    g = stack.enter_context(o('g'))
    other = [
        stack.enter_context(o(filename))
        for filename in filenames
    ]

In [1]: class A:
   ...:     def __init__(self, x):
   ...:         self._x = x
   ...:
   ...:     def __repr__(self):
   ...:         class_name = type(self).__name__
   ...:         x = self._x
   ...:         return f'{class_name}({x!r})'
   ...:

In [2]: A(1)
Out[2]: A(1)

In [3]: A(2)
Out[3]: A(2)

In [4]: A(3)
Out[4]: A(3)

In [5]: [x for x in gc.get_objects() if isinstance(x, A)]
Out[5]: [A(1), A(2), A(3)]

try:
    1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    raise ValueError('Zero!')

(most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 2, in <module>
    1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
    raise ValueError('Zero!')
ValueError: Zero!

division_error = None

try:
    1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    division_error = e

raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error

(most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
    1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
    raise ValueError('Zero!') from division_error
ValueError: Zero!

int('୧৬𝟙༣')

1613

# Пример 1
int('෯')
# Вывод:
9

# Пример 2
'٢'.isdecimal()
# Вывод:
True

# Пример 3
import re
bool(re.match(r'\d', '౫'))
# Вывод:
True

>>> bool(datetime(2018, 1, 1).time())
False
>>> bool(datetime(2018, 1, 1, 13, 12, 11).time())
True

def create(created_time=None) -> None:
    if not created_time:
        created_time = datetime.now().time()

def create(created_time=None) -> None:
    if created_time is None:
        created_time = datetime.now().time()

async with aiofiles.open('filename', mode='r') as f:
    contents = await f.read()

>>> int("10")
10
>>> int("10", 2)
2
>>> def base2(x):
...     return int(x, 2)
...
>>> base2("10")
2

base2 = partial(int, base=2)

>>> map(partial(int, base=2), ["1", "10", "100"])
[1, 2, 4]

>>> map(lambda x: int(x, base=2), ["1", "10", "100"])
[1, 2, 4]

package_broken = any(
    part.is_broken() for part in package.get_parts()
)
package_ok = all(
    part.ok() for part in package.get_parts()
)

class Task:
    _task_id = 0

    def __init__(self):
        self._id = self._task_id
        type(self)._task_id += 1

class Task:
    _task_id = 0

    def __init__(self, task_id):
        self._id = task_id

    @classmethod
    def create(cls):
        obj = cls(cls._task_id)
        cls._task_id += 1
        return obj