import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

public class AsyncExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            sleep(2000);
            return "Привет, мир!";
        });

        future.thenAccept(result -> System.out.println("Результат: " + result));

        System.out.println("Этот текст выведется раньше результата!");
        sleep(3000); // Чтобы программа не завершилась раньше времени
    }

    private static void sleep(int ms) {
        try { Thread.sleep(ms); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {}
    }
}

CompletableFuture<String> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "Hello");
CompletableFuture<String> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "World");

CompletableFuture<String> result = future1.thenCombine(future2, (s1, s2) -> s1 + " " + s2);

System.out.println(result.join()); // Hello World

CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
    if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Что-то пошло не так!");
    }
    return "Все хорошо!";
}).exceptionally(ex -> "Ошибка: " + ex.getMessage());

System.out.println(future.join());

CompletableFuture<Void> allTasks = CompletableFuture.allOf(
    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> sleepAndPrint("Задача 1", 1000)),
    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> sleepAndPrint("Задача 2", 2000)),
    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> sleepAndPrint("Задача 3", 1500))
);

allTasks.join(); // Дождёмся завершения всех задач

private static void sleepAndPrint(String msg, int ms) {
    try { Thread.sleep(ms); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {}
    System.out.println(msg);
}

class Person {
    private final String name;
    private final int age;
    
    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public int getAge() { return age; }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{name='" + name + "', age=" + age + "}";
    }
}

record Person(String name, int age) {}

public class Singleton {
    private static volatile Singleton instance;
    private Singleton() {}
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

interface Product {
    void create();
}

class ConcreteProductA implements Product {
    public void create() { System.out.println("Создан продукт A"); }
}

class ProductFactory {
    public static Product createProduct(String type) {
        if ("A".equals(type)) return new ConcreteProductA();
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Неизвестный тип продукта");
    }
}

@Builder
public class Car {
    private String model;
    private int year;
    private String engine;
}

Car car = Car.builder().model("Tesla").year(2024).engine("Electric").build();

interface Observer {
    void update(String message);
}

class User implements Observer {
    private String name;
    public User(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public void update(String message) {
        System.out.println(name + " получил уведомление: " + message);
    }
}

class Channel {
    private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();
    public void subscribe(Observer o) { observers.add(o); }
    public void notifyAll(String message) {
        for (Observer o : observers) { o.update(message); }
    }
}

class LoggingOutputStream extends OutputStream {
    private OutputStream wrapped;
    public LoggingOutputStream(OutputStream wrapped) { this.wrapped = wrapped; }
    @Override
    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("Записываем байт: " + b);
        wrapped.write(b);
    }
}