Clinical ๐Ÿ…ฑiochemistry
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ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุชู‡ุชู… ุจู†ุดุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุง #ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก_ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุง .
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๐Ÿ“Œู‚ู†ูˆุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰
@LabMed2016 โ˜œ ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุจุฑูŠ
@Hematologys โ˜œ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฏู…
@MicroMLS ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠู„ูˆุฌูŠ
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โœ๏ธ Interferences by hemolysis โœ๏ธ
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๐Ÿ‘‰ Haemolysis is defined as the release of intracellular components of erythrocytes and other blood cells into the extracellular space of blood.

๐Ÿ‘‰ Haemolysis can occur in-vivo (e.g. through a transfusion reaction), and in-vitro during all steps of the pre-analytical phase (sampling, sample transport and storage).

๐Ÿ“Œ Mechanisms of interference from haemolysis:
โ™ฆ๏ธ Additive: e.g. K, LD, AST.
โ™ฆ๏ธ Spectral: e.g. ALP, GGT.
โ™ฆ๏ธ Chemical: e.g. red cell adenylate kinase.
โ™ฆ๏ธDilutional: (e.g. with Na, Cl).
@BiochemLabMed

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿ‘‰ Read the details and explanations about the topic by downloading the file for free https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
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โœ๏ธ lipemia interferencesโœ๏ธ
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โ™ฆ๏ธ Lipemia: is a turbidity of the sample caused by accumulation of lipoprotein particles.Not all particles contribute equally to the turbidity. After intestinal absorption, triglycerides are present in plasma as chylomicrons and their metabolites (remnants) for 6 to 12 h.
โ™ฆ๏ธ Mechanisms of interference from lipemia:
๐Ÿ•light scattering
๐Ÿ•‘increasing non-aqueous phase.
๐Ÿ•’effects of partition between polar and non polar phases.

๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿ‘‰Read the details and explanations about the topic by downloading the file above.. https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
โœ Colour of urine indication:

๐Ÿ‘ˆ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ุงุญู…ุฑ ุฑุจู…ุง ู†ู‚ุน ููŠ ุญูŠุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุญู…ุฑ ุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุงุณุจุงุจ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ.
ูˆู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูŠู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
@BiochemLabMed
โ‘ดู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุจูˆู„
ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุชุนูƒุฑ ุณุญุจูŠ cloudy ูู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ุงู„ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ุณุจุจู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุฏู… ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุŒ ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุงุญู…ุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑุณูŠุจ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠู…ุงุชูˆูŠูˆุฑูŠุง hematouria ุงูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„.
โ‘ตุงู…ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ุงุญู…ุฑ ูˆู…ุธู‡ุฑู‡ ุตุงููŠ ูˆุฑุงุฆู‚ ูˆู„ุง ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ , ูู‡ู†ุง ุงุญุฏ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู†:
โœบุฅู…ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุญู…ุฑ ุณุจุจู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„
hemoglobinuria
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูุญุต ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุท.
โœบูˆุฅู…ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู„ุฅุญุชุดุงุก ุงู„ุญุงุฏ ููŠ ุนุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ .
๐Ÿค” ูˆู„ู„ุชูุฑู‚ู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ุณุญุจ ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆู†ูุตู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ุŒ ูุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ุงุญู…ุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฏู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†. hemoglobinuria
๐Ÿค” ุงู…ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุตุงููŠ ูุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุญู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ Myoglobinuria ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
โœ Billirubin Sources โœ

๐ŸŽฏู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑู ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู†ุŸ
๐ŸŽฏู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑู ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ุŸ
โ™ฆ๏ธู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…:
๐Ÿ“Œ80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… ูŠุงุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุงุซู†ุงุก ุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„RBCS ุŒ ูˆูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ูŠุชูƒุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ู† 5-6 gm ุŒ ูˆูŠุตู†ุน ุจุฏู„ุง ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงโ€ฆ
๐Ÿ“Œ20%ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒุฑูˆู… ูˆุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงุชุงู„ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู„ู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู….
@BiochemLabMed
โ™ฆ๏ธู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู†:
๐Ÿ“Œู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู….
๐Ÿ“Œูƒู…ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงุฎุฑ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡:
ูููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุนุงุก ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุงุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑู‡ ุซู… ุงู„ุงู…ุนุงุก ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจุงูŠู„ูŠู†ูˆุฌูŠู†urobilinogen ุŒ
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ 80 %ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰strecourobilin ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุงุจุบุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑุงุฒ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุŒ ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ ุŒ 5%ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุตุจุบู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆูƒุฑูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆูƒุฑูˆู… ุฎู„ูŠุท ู…ู† ุงู„
Urobilin and uribilinogen
ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจุงูŠู„ูŠู†ูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ุง 15%ูุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนูˆุฏ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุจู„ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ bilirubin.
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
โœู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŸ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑู‡ุงุŸ
ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ุจู„ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŸ
@BiochemLabMed
ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
1-๐Ÿ‘‰triglyceride
ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ูˆุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌู„ูŠุณุฑูˆู„ ู…ุคุณุชุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุญู…ุงุถ ุฏู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงุณุชุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูƒุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูƒูˆุฒ ...ุงู„ุฎ
2-๐Ÿ‘‰cholesterol
ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุนุงู†:
ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ุญุฑ ูˆูŽ ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ู…ุคุณุชุฑ ุงูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุญุงู…ุถ ุฏู‡ู†ูŠ.
โ™ฆุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุฑ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑูˆูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงูŠุถุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† 40 %ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ stroma
โ™ฆุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุชุฑ ูˆุชูƒู…ู† ุงู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ู„ุงุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ bile acids ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† ุฏ ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุชู‚ ู…ู†
7 dehydro cholesterol
3-๐Ÿ‘‰compound lipids
ูˆุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒุจุฑูŠุชูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงุชูŠุฉ ูˆุงุฎุฑู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู‡ุง.
4-๐Ÿ‘‰Glycerol
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู…ุง ุงู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌู„ูƒูˆุฒ .
5-๐Ÿ‘‰Free Fatty Acids .
@BiochemLabMed
ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ุงูˆ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠ ุชุตู†ุน ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู….
ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู„ุง ุชุฐูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุนุฏุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุณุฑูˆู„ ุŒ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูˆุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ูˆุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ lipoprotein ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุฉ.
ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ุนุจุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฑุชูƒ ู„ู‚ู†ุงุชู†ุง ุŒ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุจุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
โœ…๐Ÿ“ธู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง โคต๏ธโคต๏ธโคต๏ธโคต๏ธ
@BiochemLabMed
Clinical ๐Ÿ…ฑiochemistry
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria โœ…๐Ÿ“ธู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง โคต๏ธโคต๏ธโคต๏ธโคต๏ธ @BiochemLabMed
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria presenting during p... Background Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria is caused by a biphasic IgG autoantibody that triggers complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria has not previously been reported to occur in association with pregnancy.
Case presentation We report a case of an 18 year old female who presented in early pregnancy with acute hemolytic anemia and a positive Donath-Landsteiner
ูƒุชุงุจ ุฑุงุงุงุฆุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ู€ Clinical Biochemistry ุŒ
ู…ุด ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุชุญู…ู„ู‡๐Ÿ˜‡๐Ÿ˜
ู„ู„ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
402646.jpg
158.4 KB
Marksโ€™ Basic Medical Biochemistry
@BiochemLabMed
For Download ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ุฑูŠุณูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฏุฏ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช
HARRISONโ€™S Endocrinology ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘Œ Download๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡ @BiochemLabMed
Harrison's Endocrinology.pdf
117.9 MB
ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ุฑูŠุณูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฏุฏ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช
HARRISONโ€™S Endocrinology @BiochemLabMed
ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉ โคด๏ธ๐Ÿ‘†โคด๏ธ
โœ๏ธ โœ๏ธ At a glance of BUN, UREA
โœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบโœบ
โ™ฆ๏ธููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุŒูƒุงู† ูŠุชู… ุงูŠุฌุงุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุญุชูˆุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†. ูˆูƒุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุŒ ุชูู†ุฒูŽุบ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุŒ ูˆูŠุชู… ุงู„ุงุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุญุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ูŠุญูˆู‘ู„ ุจุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุจู€
NPN(non-protein nitrogen)compounds.
โ™ฆ๏ธู…ุตุทู„ุญ NPN ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุงุณูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู‡ู…ู‡ุง - ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ- ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง. ูˆู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุง ูŠูู‚ุงุณ ุจู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุญุงูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ู…ุตุทู„ุญ BUN
(Blood Urea Nitrogen)
ุธู„ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุงุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง.
@BiochemLabMed

๐Ÿ’ขBUNโ†’UREA Conversion๐Ÿ’ข
โ™ฆ๏ธุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฐูˆ ูˆุฒู† ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠ 60 ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู† ุŒ ูˆูŠูุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ 28 ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู† ุŒ ุงูŠ ู…ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ %46.66 (0.466)ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† Urea ุงู„ู‰ BUN ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠ 0.466
ุงูˆ ู†ู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 2.14 ู„ุงู† ุฌุฒูŠุฆ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹ 60 ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ 28 ุฏุงู„ุชูˆู† ููŠูƒูˆู† โ‡™
60/28=2.14
@BiochemLabMed

โ™ฆ๏ธู‡ุฏู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุญู…ุงุถ ุงู…ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงูˆ ุฌู„ุงูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†. ูˆู…ุงูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ุงุช(ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง) ูŠุญูˆู‘ู„ ุงู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ูŠุชู… ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูˆู„. ูŠุชู… ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุงุซู†ุงุก ู…ุฑูˆุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠุจูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ุชุฑูˆูŠุชู‡ุง perfusion.

๐ŸŽฏ๐ŸŽฏ ู…ุง ูŠูุณุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุŒ ุงู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุŒ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูˆ ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุจู€:
โ†ฒโ‘  ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
โ˜žBecause urea is an end product of protein metabolism, a diet high in protein, such as tube feedings, may cause some increase in the BUN level. โ˜žBleeding into the gastrointestinal tract also causes an elevated BUN because digested blood is a source of protein. For example, loss of 1,000 mL of blood into the gastrointestinal tract may elevate the BUN to 40 mg/dL.

โ†ฒโ‘กูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุชูŠู†๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
โ˜žDiseased or damaged kidneys cause an elevated BUN because the kidneys are less able to rid the blood of the waste product urea.

โ†ฒโ‘ข ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุชูŠู†๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
โ˜žEven if the kidneys are not diseased or damaged, conditions in which renal perfusion is decreased result in an increase of urea in the blood. Thus a client in shock or one in congestive heart failure may have higher-than-normal BUN levels caused by poor circulation to the kidneys.
โ˜ž A client who is severely dehydrated may also have an elevated BUN level because of the lack of volume to excrete waste products.

โ†ฒโ‘ฃ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
โ˜ž Because urea is synthesized by the liver, severe liver failure causes a reduction of urea in the serum. Yet the inability of the liver to form urea results in an increase in other nitrogenous products, such as ammonia, so tests for ammonia levels are much more clinically significant in liver dysfunction than are lowered BUN levels.
@BiochemLabMed

๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”Notes:
๐Ÿ“Œ Just as dehydration may cause an elevated BUN(because of reduced perfusion), overhydration causes a decreased BUN.
๐Ÿ“Œ Increases in plasma volume, such as in pregnancy, reduce the BUN level.
๐Ÿ“ŒA marked decrease in protein breakdown also tends to lower the BUN.
๐Ÿ“ŒUsually a BUN that is slightly lower than the reference values has little clinical signifi cance.

๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ“Creatinine and other related blood tests will be coming soonโ€ฆ.
with our regardsโ€ฆโ€ฆ
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