☑️ Yangi so’zlar!
1.Educational system – ta’lim tizimi.
2.Elemantary school – boshlang’ich maktab.
3.Private – xususiy.
4.Junior High school – kichiklar yuqori maktabi
5.Senior High school – kattalar yuqori maktabi
6.Variation - turli
7.Urban - shaxarlik
8.Selective – tanlab olingan.
9.Theological - diniy
10.Pattern – namuna, model
11.Fee – o’qish uchun to’lash
12.Religion - din
13.Tax - soliq
14.Include – o’z ichiga olmoq
15.Preschool - maktabgacha
16.Infant school – bog’cha yoshidagi 5-7 yoshli bolalar maktabi
17.Junior school – boshlang’ich maktab
18.Public school –umumta’lim maktab
19.Secondary Comprehensive school – o’rta umumta’lim maktab
20.Attend - qatnamoq
21.Modern school – kasb-xunar maktabi
22.Grammar school – o’rta klassik maktab
23.Woodwork – yog’och ishi
24.Metalwork - slesar
25.Sew - tikish
26.Tutor – guruh rahbari
27.Attach - biriktirmoq
28.Boarding school – internat maktab
29.Progressive – ilg’or, taraqqiyparvar
30.Curriculum – o’quv rejasi
@grammar_ingliz
1.Educational system – ta’lim tizimi.
2.Elemantary school – boshlang’ich maktab.
3.Private – xususiy.
4.Junior High school – kichiklar yuqori maktabi
5.Senior High school – kattalar yuqori maktabi
6.Variation - turli
7.Urban - shaxarlik
8.Selective – tanlab olingan.
9.Theological - diniy
10.Pattern – namuna, model
11.Fee – o’qish uchun to’lash
12.Religion - din
13.Tax - soliq
14.Include – o’z ichiga olmoq
15.Preschool - maktabgacha
16.Infant school – bog’cha yoshidagi 5-7 yoshli bolalar maktabi
17.Junior school – boshlang’ich maktab
18.Public school –umumta’lim maktab
19.Secondary Comprehensive school – o’rta umumta’lim maktab
20.Attend - qatnamoq
21.Modern school – kasb-xunar maktabi
22.Grammar school – o’rta klassik maktab
23.Woodwork – yog’och ishi
24.Metalwork - slesar
25.Sew - tikish
26.Tutor – guruh rahbari
27.Attach - biriktirmoq
28.Boarding school – internat maktab
29.Progressive – ilg’or, taraqqiyparvar
30.Curriculum – o’quv rejasi
@grammar_ingliz
☝️MAY NOT yoki MUST NOT
⚠️MAY NOT o’zbek tilida “mumkin emas” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarga e’tibor bering:
▪️You may not enter my room without permission – Siz mening xonamga ruxsatiz kirishingiz mumkin emas.
▪️The students may not bring their cell phones to the class – Talabalar uyali telefonlarini darsga olib kelishlari mumkin emas.
▪️The equipment may not be used without company’s written permission – Jihozlar kompaniyaning yozma ruxsatisiz foydalanilishi mumkin emas.
⚠️Yuqoridagi misollarning barchasida MAY NOT ta’qiqlash, mumkin emaslik ma’nolarida ishlatilgan. Ammo MAY NOT har doim ham bunday holatda ishlatilavermaydi.
Bundan tashqari MAY NOT “sodir bo’lmasligi mumkin”, “bajarilmasligi mumkin”, “ehtimol … bo’lmas” degan ma’nolarda ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Quyidagi gaplarga e’tibor bering:
▪️Tom may not come tomorrow – Tom ertaga kelmasligi mumkin (ehtimol u ertaga kelmas).
▪️I may not be able to help you with your problem – Men sizning muammongiz bilan sizga yordam bera olmasligim mumkin (ehtimol sizga yordam bera olmasman).
▪️It may not rain today – Bugun yomg’ir yog’masligi mumkin (ehtimol bugun yomg’ir yog’mas).
MAY NOTning ta’qiqlash va ehtimollikning inkor bo’lgan shakllarda ishlatilishini yuqoridagi misollarda ko’rib o’tdik. Endi MUST NOT haqida o’rganamiz.
⚠️MUST NOT o’zbek tiliga “bajarmaslik kerak”, “bajarish ta’qiqlanadi” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarni o’qing:
▪️You must not walk on the grass – Siz o’tning ustida yurmasligingiz kerak (ta’qiqlanadi).
▪️They must not come late – Ular kechikmasligi kerak (kechikishlari ta’qiqlanadi).
▪️I must not let him do that – Men uning bu ishni bajarishiga yo’l qo’ymasligim kerak.
Endi yuqoridagilardan kelib chiqib, MAY NOT va MUST NOT modal fe’llarining ikkalasida ham “bajarmaslik kerak”, “bajarish mumkin emas/ta’qiqlanadi” degan ma’nolar bo’lganligi sababli har qanday o’rganuvchida ta’qiqlashga nisabatan qaysi birini ishlatish borasida chalkashlik yuzaga kelishi mumkin.
⚠️Agar bitta testda ta’qiqlashga nisbatan MAY NOT va MUST NOT variantlari berilgan bo’lsa, ta’qiqlashga nisbatan MUST NOT varianti to’g’ri deb olinadi, MAY NOT esa ehtimollikning inkor shakli deb qaraladi. Quyidagi testga e’tibor bering:
(Menejerning buyrug’iga ko’ra siz idorada jinsi shim kiymasligingiz kerak/kiyishingiz ta’qiqlanadi)
According to the manager’s order, you … wear jeans in the office.
a) MAY NOT b) MUST NOT c)??? d)???
Yuqoridagi testda “menejer ofisga jinsi shim kiyib kelishni ta’qiqlagan” degan mano bor. Demak, bu ta’qiqlash/bu ishni bajarmaslik kerak. Bizda ikkita bir-biriga yaqin ma’nodagi javob bor. Bunday holatlarda ta’qiqlashga nisbatan B javob, ya’ni, MUST NOT javobi olinadi. To’g’ri javob:
According to the manager’s order, you must not wear jeans in the office.
Testdagi MAY NOT javobi esa ehtimollikning inkor shakli deb qaraladi. Agar yuqoridagi testga MAY NOT javobini qo’ysak, natijada test noto’g’ri bajariladi va quyidagicha noto’g’ri tarjima kelib chiqadi:
According to the manager’s order, you may not wear jeans in the office.
Menejerning buyrug’iga ko’ra, siz ehtimol idorada jinsi kiymasligingiz mumkin (balki jinsi kiymassiz).
@grammar_ingliz
⚠️MAY NOT o’zbek tilida “mumkin emas” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarga e’tibor bering:
▪️You may not enter my room without permission – Siz mening xonamga ruxsatiz kirishingiz mumkin emas.
▪️The students may not bring their cell phones to the class – Talabalar uyali telefonlarini darsga olib kelishlari mumkin emas.
▪️The equipment may not be used without company’s written permission – Jihozlar kompaniyaning yozma ruxsatisiz foydalanilishi mumkin emas.
⚠️Yuqoridagi misollarning barchasida MAY NOT ta’qiqlash, mumkin emaslik ma’nolarida ishlatilgan. Ammo MAY NOT har doim ham bunday holatda ishlatilavermaydi.
Bundan tashqari MAY NOT “sodir bo’lmasligi mumkin”, “bajarilmasligi mumkin”, “ehtimol … bo’lmas” degan ma’nolarda ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Quyidagi gaplarga e’tibor bering:
▪️Tom may not come tomorrow – Tom ertaga kelmasligi mumkin (ehtimol u ertaga kelmas).
▪️I may not be able to help you with your problem – Men sizning muammongiz bilan sizga yordam bera olmasligim mumkin (ehtimol sizga yordam bera olmasman).
▪️It may not rain today – Bugun yomg’ir yog’masligi mumkin (ehtimol bugun yomg’ir yog’mas).
MAY NOTning ta’qiqlash va ehtimollikning inkor bo’lgan shakllarda ishlatilishini yuqoridagi misollarda ko’rib o’tdik. Endi MUST NOT haqida o’rganamiz.
⚠️MUST NOT o’zbek tiliga “bajarmaslik kerak”, “bajarish ta’qiqlanadi” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarni o’qing:
▪️You must not walk on the grass – Siz o’tning ustida yurmasligingiz kerak (ta’qiqlanadi).
▪️They must not come late – Ular kechikmasligi kerak (kechikishlari ta’qiqlanadi).
▪️I must not let him do that – Men uning bu ishni bajarishiga yo’l qo’ymasligim kerak.
Endi yuqoridagilardan kelib chiqib, MAY NOT va MUST NOT modal fe’llarining ikkalasida ham “bajarmaslik kerak”, “bajarish mumkin emas/ta’qiqlanadi” degan ma’nolar bo’lganligi sababli har qanday o’rganuvchida ta’qiqlashga nisabatan qaysi birini ishlatish borasida chalkashlik yuzaga kelishi mumkin.
⚠️Agar bitta testda ta’qiqlashga nisbatan MAY NOT va MUST NOT variantlari berilgan bo’lsa, ta’qiqlashga nisbatan MUST NOT varianti to’g’ri deb olinadi, MAY NOT esa ehtimollikning inkor shakli deb qaraladi. Quyidagi testga e’tibor bering:
(Menejerning buyrug’iga ko’ra siz idorada jinsi shim kiymasligingiz kerak/kiyishingiz ta’qiqlanadi)
According to the manager’s order, you … wear jeans in the office.
a) MAY NOT b) MUST NOT c)??? d)???
Yuqoridagi testda “menejer ofisga jinsi shim kiyib kelishni ta’qiqlagan” degan mano bor. Demak, bu ta’qiqlash/bu ishni bajarmaslik kerak. Bizda ikkita bir-biriga yaqin ma’nodagi javob bor. Bunday holatlarda ta’qiqlashga nisbatan B javob, ya’ni, MUST NOT javobi olinadi. To’g’ri javob:
According to the manager’s order, you must not wear jeans in the office.
Testdagi MAY NOT javobi esa ehtimollikning inkor shakli deb qaraladi. Agar yuqoridagi testga MAY NOT javobini qo’ysak, natijada test noto’g’ri bajariladi va quyidagicha noto’g’ri tarjima kelib chiqadi:
According to the manager’s order, you may not wear jeans in the office.
Menejerning buyrug’iga ko’ra, siz ehtimol idorada jinsi kiymasligingiz mumkin (balki jinsi kiymassiz).
@grammar_ingliz
🆕 Useful 🆕
🗣 Biror narsani boshqasiga qaraganda avzal ko'rishni ifodalash uchun ishlatilinadigan iboralar👇🏻
1️⃣ " like 🅰️ better than / more than 🅱️ "
⚡️I like the red one better than / more than the green one.
2️⃣ " prefer 🅰️ to 🅱️
⚡️I prefer beef to lamb.
3️⃣ " would prefer to do 🅰️ "
⚡️I'd prefer to wait here.
4️⃣ " woud rather 🅰️ than 🅱️ "
⚡️I'd rather go to the concert than the play.
5️⃣ " would rather do 🅰️ than do 🅱️ "
⚡️I think I'd rather stay in than go out tonight.
6️⃣ " like doing 🅰️ better than doing 🅱️ "
⚡️I like swimming better than jogging.
7️⃣ " think 🅰️ is much more + adjective "
⚡️I think that colour's much more attractive.
8️⃣ " do / does not really matter whether do 🅰️ or do 🅱️ "
⚡️It doesn’t really matter to me whether we eat here or go out.
9️⃣ " do not really mind whether do 🅰️ or do 🅱️ "
⚡️I don't really mind whether we talk now or later.
🔟 " to be happy 🅰️/🅱️ way "
⚡️I’m happy either way.
1️⃣1️⃣ " do not really care 🅰️/🅱️ way "
⚡️I don't really care either way.
1️⃣2️⃣ " if it were up to me , would choose 🅰️ "
⚡️If it were up to me, I'd choose the green one.
1️⃣3️⃣ " If you ask me, 🅰️ looks better than 🅱️ "
⚡️If you ask me, the old one looks better than the new one.
1️⃣4️⃣ " not expert but 🅰️ seems more + adjective"
⚡️I’m not an expert but Design B seems more eye-catching.
📝 @grammar_ingliz
🗣 Biror narsani boshqasiga qaraganda avzal ko'rishni ifodalash uchun ishlatilinadigan iboralar👇🏻
1️⃣ " like 🅰️ better than / more than 🅱️ "
⚡️I like the red one better than / more than the green one.
2️⃣ " prefer 🅰️ to 🅱️
⚡️I prefer beef to lamb.
3️⃣ " would prefer to do 🅰️ "
⚡️I'd prefer to wait here.
4️⃣ " woud rather 🅰️ than 🅱️ "
⚡️I'd rather go to the concert than the play.
5️⃣ " would rather do 🅰️ than do 🅱️ "
⚡️I think I'd rather stay in than go out tonight.
6️⃣ " like doing 🅰️ better than doing 🅱️ "
⚡️I like swimming better than jogging.
7️⃣ " think 🅰️ is much more + adjective "
⚡️I think that colour's much more attractive.
8️⃣ " do / does not really matter whether do 🅰️ or do 🅱️ "
⚡️It doesn’t really matter to me whether we eat here or go out.
9️⃣ " do not really mind whether do 🅰️ or do 🅱️ "
⚡️I don't really mind whether we talk now or later.
🔟 " to be happy 🅰️/🅱️ way "
⚡️I’m happy either way.
1️⃣1️⃣ " do not really care 🅰️/🅱️ way "
⚡️I don't really care either way.
1️⃣2️⃣ " if it were up to me , would choose 🅰️ "
⚡️If it were up to me, I'd choose the green one.
1️⃣3️⃣ " If you ask me, 🅰️ looks better than 🅱️ "
⚡️If you ask me, the old one looks better than the new one.
1️⃣4️⃣ " not expert but 🅰️ seems more + adjective"
⚡️I’m not an expert but Design B seems more eye-catching.
📝 @grammar_ingliz
❇️THE Article 1-qism❇️
1️⃣ Biz gapiryotgan ot tinglovchiga yoki o’quvchiga ma’lum bo’lsa, u bilishiga ishonsak aniq artiklini ishlatamiz:
🔹 It is the oldest building in the town.
🔸Bu shahardagi eng qadimiy bino(shaharda eng qadimiy bino bitta tinglovchi buni biladi)
🔹 When we stayed at my grandmother’s house, we went to the beach every day.
🔸Biz buvimnikida qolganimizda, biz har kuni sohilga borardik(tinglovchiga ma’lum dunyodagi har qanday sohilmas buvimni uyiga eng yaqin sohil)
🔹Dad, can I borrow the car? –
🔸Dada, mashinani olsam maylimi(ko’chadagi har qanday mashina emas, oilangizga tegishli mashina dadangizga malum)
2️⃣.Dunyoda yagona otlar oldidan aniq artikl ishlatamiz : The sun, the moon, the earth, the world…etc
🔹The moon is very bright tonight
🔸Bugun oqshom oy juda yorqin(tinglovchiga oy ma’lum chunki boshqa oy yo’q oy bitta)
3️⃣ Ot ikkinchi marta tilga olinsa aniq artikl ishlatamiz
🔹I ate an apple yesterday. The apple was juicy and delicious.
🔸Kecha bitta olma yedim. Olma suvli va mazali edi(Olma so’zi 2-marta tilga olinganda the ishlatdik chunki tinglovchi yo o’quvchiga 2-marta aytganda allaqachon malum qaysi olma 1 marta aytilgandagi olma)
4️⃣.Birlikdagi ot butun bir sinfni, turni, bildirib kelsa aniq artikl ishlatamiz(agar ot ko’plikda bo’lsa the ishlatilmaydi)
🔹The kangaroo is found only in Australia.
🔸Kenguru faqat Avstraliyada uchraydi(The kangaroo= butun kengurular sinfini bildirib kelyabdi)
🔹The giraffe is the tallest of all animals
🔸 Jirafa hayvonlarning eng uzuni(The giraffe butun Jirafalarni bildirib kelyabdi The giraffes deb bo’maydi.)
5️⃣Musiqa asboblari butun sinfi umumlashitilganda aniq artikl ishlatiladi. Ya’ni musiqiy asboblari doim the ishlatiladi faqat bitta musiqa asbobi narazda tutilmasa.Ya’ni bitta bor degan mano a/an artikli bilan ishlatiladi. Umumiy hamma osha musiqa asboblari haqida gapirsak the ishlatiladi. Pianinoni yaxshi chalaman buyerda the ishlatiladi sababi hamma pionioni haqida gapiryabsiz aynan bitta dona emas. Menda bitta pianino bor desangiz a ishlatasiz. Sababi o’zi gapizdan ma’lum bitta dona deyabsiz.
🔹I have a piano
🔸Menda pianino bor(bitta dona, bor degan ma’noda musiqa asboblari a/an bilan ishlatiladi)
🔹Mastering the piano takes years of study.
🔸Pianonadan usta bo’lish yillab o’qishni talab etadi(bitta pianino emas, hamma piano tushunilyabdi)
6️⃣Biz yashaydigan yerdagi doimo muntazam boradigan yerlarimiz masalan bank, pochta, shahar sartaroshxona shunga o’xshash joylarga biz the artiklni ishlatamiz. Sababi tinglovchi/o’quvchi ongida biz doim boradigan joy ma’lum, shaxarda mingda sartaroshxona bo’lshi mumkin lekin biz doimo boradigan sartaroshxona aniq bitta sartaroshxona. Sizlarga bir nechta misol keltiraman bu joylar doim the artikli bilan ishlatiladi: the bank, the library, the grocery store, the post office, the doctor, the dentist the(corner) store, the pharmacy, the gas station, the office, the gym, the hospital, the hairdresser, the nail salon, the barber… etc
🔹She usually goes to the gym after work
🔸U odatda ishdan so’ng sport zalga boradi.
🔹You should go to the dentist more often
🔸Siz tish do’xtirga tez tez borishiz kerak(katta shaxarda yashasangiz minglab banklar, sartaroshxona, tish shifokori bo’lshi mumkin ammo barbir the ishlatamiz sababi siz tinglayotgan odam biladi siz aniq bir joyni siz doimo boradigan joyni tasvirlayotganizni)
8️⃣Ko’plikdagi butun oilani anglatuvchi familyalar bilan the ishlatamiz. Oila nomi ko’plikda kelsa va butun oila a’zolarni nazarda tutsa the ishlatiladi
🔹Do you know the Aldersons? – Aldersonlarni bilasizmi?
🔸The Parkers are coming for dinner tonight. – Kechki ovqatga Parkerlar kelyabdi.
9️⃣Agar sifat butun odamlar sinfini hammasni tariflasa the ishlatamiz: the rich- boylar, the blind – ko’rlar
🔹The rich get rich, and the poor stay poor.
🔸Boylar boyiydi, kambag’allar kambag’aligicha qoladi.
🔹The honest are respected.
🔸Halol odamlar hurmat qilinadi.
@grammar_ingliz
1️⃣ Biz gapiryotgan ot tinglovchiga yoki o’quvchiga ma’lum bo’lsa, u bilishiga ishonsak aniq artiklini ishlatamiz:
🔹 It is the oldest building in the town.
🔸Bu shahardagi eng qadimiy bino(shaharda eng qadimiy bino bitta tinglovchi buni biladi)
🔹 When we stayed at my grandmother’s house, we went to the beach every day.
🔸Biz buvimnikida qolganimizda, biz har kuni sohilga borardik(tinglovchiga ma’lum dunyodagi har qanday sohilmas buvimni uyiga eng yaqin sohil)
🔹Dad, can I borrow the car? –
🔸Dada, mashinani olsam maylimi(ko’chadagi har qanday mashina emas, oilangizga tegishli mashina dadangizga malum)
2️⃣.Dunyoda yagona otlar oldidan aniq artikl ishlatamiz : The sun, the moon, the earth, the world…etc
🔹The moon is very bright tonight
🔸Bugun oqshom oy juda yorqin(tinglovchiga oy ma’lum chunki boshqa oy yo’q oy bitta)
3️⃣ Ot ikkinchi marta tilga olinsa aniq artikl ishlatamiz
🔹I ate an apple yesterday. The apple was juicy and delicious.
🔸Kecha bitta olma yedim. Olma suvli va mazali edi(Olma so’zi 2-marta tilga olinganda the ishlatdik chunki tinglovchi yo o’quvchiga 2-marta aytganda allaqachon malum qaysi olma 1 marta aytilgandagi olma)
4️⃣.Birlikdagi ot butun bir sinfni, turni, bildirib kelsa aniq artikl ishlatamiz(agar ot ko’plikda bo’lsa the ishlatilmaydi)
🔹The kangaroo is found only in Australia.
🔸Kenguru faqat Avstraliyada uchraydi(The kangaroo= butun kengurular sinfini bildirib kelyabdi)
🔹The giraffe is the tallest of all animals
🔸 Jirafa hayvonlarning eng uzuni(The giraffe butun Jirafalarni bildirib kelyabdi The giraffes deb bo’maydi.)
5️⃣Musiqa asboblari butun sinfi umumlashitilganda aniq artikl ishlatiladi. Ya’ni musiqiy asboblari doim the ishlatiladi faqat bitta musiqa asbobi narazda tutilmasa.Ya’ni bitta bor degan mano a/an artikli bilan ishlatiladi. Umumiy hamma osha musiqa asboblari haqida gapirsak the ishlatiladi. Pianinoni yaxshi chalaman buyerda the ishlatiladi sababi hamma pionioni haqida gapiryabsiz aynan bitta dona emas. Menda bitta pianino bor desangiz a ishlatasiz. Sababi o’zi gapizdan ma’lum bitta dona deyabsiz.
🔹I have a piano
🔸Menda pianino bor(bitta dona, bor degan ma’noda musiqa asboblari a/an bilan ishlatiladi)
🔹Mastering the piano takes years of study.
🔸Pianonadan usta bo’lish yillab o’qishni talab etadi(bitta pianino emas, hamma piano tushunilyabdi)
6️⃣Biz yashaydigan yerdagi doimo muntazam boradigan yerlarimiz masalan bank, pochta, shahar sartaroshxona shunga o’xshash joylarga biz the artiklni ishlatamiz. Sababi tinglovchi/o’quvchi ongida biz doim boradigan joy ma’lum, shaxarda mingda sartaroshxona bo’lshi mumkin lekin biz doimo boradigan sartaroshxona aniq bitta sartaroshxona. Sizlarga bir nechta misol keltiraman bu joylar doim the artikli bilan ishlatiladi: the bank, the library, the grocery store, the post office, the doctor, the dentist the(corner) store, the pharmacy, the gas station, the office, the gym, the hospital, the hairdresser, the nail salon, the barber… etc
🔹She usually goes to the gym after work
🔸U odatda ishdan so’ng sport zalga boradi.
🔹You should go to the dentist more often
🔸Siz tish do’xtirga tez tez borishiz kerak(katta shaxarda yashasangiz minglab banklar, sartaroshxona, tish shifokori bo’lshi mumkin ammo barbir the ishlatamiz sababi siz tinglayotgan odam biladi siz aniq bir joyni siz doimo boradigan joyni tasvirlayotganizni)
8️⃣Ko’plikdagi butun oilani anglatuvchi familyalar bilan the ishlatamiz. Oila nomi ko’plikda kelsa va butun oila a’zolarni nazarda tutsa the ishlatiladi
🔹Do you know the Aldersons? – Aldersonlarni bilasizmi?
🔸The Parkers are coming for dinner tonight. – Kechki ovqatga Parkerlar kelyabdi.
9️⃣Agar sifat butun odamlar sinfini hammasni tariflasa the ishlatamiz: the rich- boylar, the blind – ko’rlar
🔹The rich get rich, and the poor stay poor.
🔸Boylar boyiydi, kambag’allar kambag’aligicha qoladi.
🔹The honest are respected.
🔸Halol odamlar hurmat qilinadi.
@grammar_ingliz
👍1
❇️THE Article 2-qism❇️
9️⃣Ortirma darajadagi sifatlar (superlative adjectives) oldidan the ishlatamiz.
🔹Jill is the most intelligent girl in the class.
🔸 Jill sinfdagi eng aqilli qiz
1️⃣0️⃣Oxirgi harfi sh, ch, yoki ese bilan tugagan millat nomlari the bilan ishlatiladi. Qolgan ko’plikdagi millat nomlar the bilan yoki the artiklisiz ishlatilishi mumkin(The Americans yoki Americans)
🔹The English are industrious
🔸Inglizlar mehnatkash
1️⃣1️⃣Tartib sonlar oldidan the ishlatamiz.
🔹This is the first time I've ridden a horse.
1️⃣2️⃣ Only, next, last, same, right and wrong + ot(noun) kelsa the ishlatamiz:
🔹When is the next train to Cambridge?
1️⃣3️⃣Kino nomlari(the Rex) mehmonxona nomlari(The Ritz Hotel) teatrlar nomlar( the Palace Theatre), muzey nomlar(The British Museum), gazeta va jurnal nomlari(the Times), kema nomlari(the Mary Rose) tashkilot nomlari(The European Union) gallelerya nomlari( the Tate Gallery) mashxur binolar(the Taj Mahal) san’at asarlari nomlari(the Mona Liza) oldidan the ishlatamiz. Nomlar of bilan kelsa ko’pincha the ishlatamiz(the University of Chicago)
1️⃣4️⃣ Okean(the Atlantic), daryo(the Nile) ,dengiz(the Caspian Sea) , kanal(the British Channel), bo’goz(The Magellan Strait) sahro,(the Sahara Desert) sharshara(The Niagara Falls), dovon(The Saint Gotthard Pass) ko’l (the Baikal, lekin ko’l nomi oldida lake so‘zi kelsa artikl ishlatilamaydi Lake Ohio) tog’ tizmalari(The Alps, lekin alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Elbrus) orol guruhlari(The British Isles, yakka orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Madagascar) yarim orolar Peninsula so’zi bilan(The Balkan Peninsula, lekin peninsula so’zisiz orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Scandinavia ) ko’rfaz(the Persian Gulf ) the artikli bilan ishlatiladi.
1️⃣5️⃣Davlat mahkamalari, tashkilotlar, siyosiy partiyalar nomlari the artikli bilan ishlatiladi(the Liberal Party, the National Trust, the Church, the London City Council, the Supreme Soviet.)
1️⃣6️⃣Til nomlari «language» so’zi bilan kelganda aniq artikl ishlatiladi. Lekin til nomlari yakka kelsa, English, French va boshqa otlar ingliz tili, fransuz tili ma’nosida kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi: (the English language, the Italian language,)
1️⃣7️⃣Fasllar nomi ko‘pincha aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
🔹The summer was exceptionally trying in the town
🔸Shaharchada yoz o‘z hukmini o‘tkazayotgan edi
1️⃣8️⃣School, university, college, bed, prison, jail, hospital, church so’zlari agar bino tushunulsa umumiy qoidaga qarab olinadi artikl. Agar siz bu joylarga tashrif buyurvchi bo’lsangiz biror yumush uchun borsangiz aniq artikl ishlatamiz. Agar siz uyerga taluqli bo’lsangiz masalan maktabga- o’quvchi bo’lib, qamoqxonaga- maxbus bo’lib borsangiz artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
🔹Mother went to the school yesterday to attend a parents’ meeting.
🔸Ota-onalar majlisiga qatnashish uchun onam kecha maktabga bordi(onam buyerda maktabga tashrif buyuruvchi ota onalar majlisi uchun bormoqda)
🔹Jeny is ten years old. Every day she goes to school.
🔸Jeny o‘n yoshda. Har kuni u maktabga boradi.(buyerda Jeny maktab o’quvchisi shu sababli artikilsiz ishlatilmoqda).
1️⃣9️⃣ Most + of + noun.
Ma’lum shaxs yoki buyumlar haqida gapirganimizda, most of dan keyin kelgan otga aniq artikl ishlatamiz:
🔹Most of the flowers in the garden were planted by the school children.
🔸Bog‘dagi gullarning ko‘plari o‘quvchilar tomonidan o‘tqazilgan edi.(malum bir gullarning ko’pi dunyodagi hamma gullar emas)
2️⃣0️⃣Of so’zi bilan kelgan otlar ko’pi aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi(the Isle of Man)
2️⃣1️⃣ Mamlakatlar, joylar va shahar nomlari oldida artiklsiz ishlatiladi: Ammo ba’zi mamlakatlar, joylar va shahar nomlari oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi: The Ukrain — Ukraina, The Crimea — Qirim, The Congo — Kongo The Netherlands — Niderlandiya(Gollandiya), The Ruhr — Rur, The Lebanon- Livan, The Caucasus — Kavkaz, The Transvaal — Transval, The Hague — Gaaga, The Argentine — Argentina, The Riviera — Rivyera
@grammar_ingliz
9️⃣Ortirma darajadagi sifatlar (superlative adjectives) oldidan the ishlatamiz.
🔹Jill is the most intelligent girl in the class.
🔸 Jill sinfdagi eng aqilli qiz
1️⃣0️⃣Oxirgi harfi sh, ch, yoki ese bilan tugagan millat nomlari the bilan ishlatiladi. Qolgan ko’plikdagi millat nomlar the bilan yoki the artiklisiz ishlatilishi mumkin(The Americans yoki Americans)
🔹The English are industrious
🔸Inglizlar mehnatkash
1️⃣1️⃣Tartib sonlar oldidan the ishlatamiz.
🔹This is the first time I've ridden a horse.
1️⃣2️⃣ Only, next, last, same, right and wrong + ot(noun) kelsa the ishlatamiz:
🔹When is the next train to Cambridge?
1️⃣3️⃣Kino nomlari(the Rex) mehmonxona nomlari(The Ritz Hotel) teatrlar nomlar( the Palace Theatre), muzey nomlar(The British Museum), gazeta va jurnal nomlari(the Times), kema nomlari(the Mary Rose) tashkilot nomlari(The European Union) gallelerya nomlari( the Tate Gallery) mashxur binolar(the Taj Mahal) san’at asarlari nomlari(the Mona Liza) oldidan the ishlatamiz. Nomlar of bilan kelsa ko’pincha the ishlatamiz(the University of Chicago)
1️⃣4️⃣ Okean(the Atlantic), daryo(the Nile) ,dengiz(the Caspian Sea) , kanal(the British Channel), bo’goz(The Magellan Strait) sahro,(the Sahara Desert) sharshara(The Niagara Falls), dovon(The Saint Gotthard Pass) ko’l (the Baikal, lekin ko’l nomi oldida lake so‘zi kelsa artikl ishlatilamaydi Lake Ohio) tog’ tizmalari(The Alps, lekin alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Elbrus) orol guruhlari(The British Isles, yakka orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Madagascar) yarim orolar Peninsula so’zi bilan(The Balkan Peninsula, lekin peninsula so’zisiz orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi Scandinavia ) ko’rfaz(the Persian Gulf ) the artikli bilan ishlatiladi.
1️⃣5️⃣Davlat mahkamalari, tashkilotlar, siyosiy partiyalar nomlari the artikli bilan ishlatiladi(the Liberal Party, the National Trust, the Church, the London City Council, the Supreme Soviet.)
1️⃣6️⃣Til nomlari «language» so’zi bilan kelganda aniq artikl ishlatiladi. Lekin til nomlari yakka kelsa, English, French va boshqa otlar ingliz tili, fransuz tili ma’nosida kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi: (the English language, the Italian language,)
1️⃣7️⃣Fasllar nomi ko‘pincha aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
🔹The summer was exceptionally trying in the town
🔸Shaharchada yoz o‘z hukmini o‘tkazayotgan edi
1️⃣8️⃣School, university, college, bed, prison, jail, hospital, church so’zlari agar bino tushunulsa umumiy qoidaga qarab olinadi artikl. Agar siz bu joylarga tashrif buyurvchi bo’lsangiz biror yumush uchun borsangiz aniq artikl ishlatamiz. Agar siz uyerga taluqli bo’lsangiz masalan maktabga- o’quvchi bo’lib, qamoqxonaga- maxbus bo’lib borsangiz artiklsiz ishlatiladi.
🔹Mother went to the school yesterday to attend a parents’ meeting.
🔸Ota-onalar majlisiga qatnashish uchun onam kecha maktabga bordi(onam buyerda maktabga tashrif buyuruvchi ota onalar majlisi uchun bormoqda)
🔹Jeny is ten years old. Every day she goes to school.
🔸Jeny o‘n yoshda. Har kuni u maktabga boradi.(buyerda Jeny maktab o’quvchisi shu sababli artikilsiz ishlatilmoqda).
1️⃣9️⃣ Most + of + noun.
Ma’lum shaxs yoki buyumlar haqida gapirganimizda, most of dan keyin kelgan otga aniq artikl ishlatamiz:
🔹Most of the flowers in the garden were planted by the school children.
🔸Bog‘dagi gullarning ko‘plari o‘quvchilar tomonidan o‘tqazilgan edi.(malum bir gullarning ko’pi dunyodagi hamma gullar emas)
2️⃣0️⃣Of so’zi bilan kelgan otlar ko’pi aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi(the Isle of Man)
2️⃣1️⃣ Mamlakatlar, joylar va shahar nomlari oldida artiklsiz ishlatiladi: Ammo ba’zi mamlakatlar, joylar va shahar nomlari oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi: The Ukrain — Ukraina, The Crimea — Qirim, The Congo — Kongo The Netherlands — Niderlandiya(Gollandiya), The Ruhr — Rur, The Lebanon- Livan, The Caucasus — Kavkaz, The Transvaal — Transval, The Hague — Gaaga, The Argentine — Argentina, The Riviera — Rivyera
@grammar_ingliz
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✅Vocabulary time
20 popular phrasal verbs🇺🇿
⏩Break up-ajralmoq
Meaning: to end a relationship
Example: John and Mary broke up after 7 months of dating.
⏩Bring up-aytib o'tish
Meaning: to mention something
Example: Remember, don’t bring up Mary’s breakup when you talk to her.
⏩Carry on-Davom etmoq
Meaning: to continue doing what you have been doing
Example: Sorry, I didn’t mean to interrupt. Carry on with your speech.
⏩Carry out- Amalga oshirmoq
Meaning: to perform a task or assignment
Example: I couldn’t carry out my plan for the month.
⏩Come across-insonlarni sifatlashda ishlatiladi
Meaning: to seem or appear to have a specific quality, to make a certain impression on someone
Example: John comes across as a very positive person.
⏩Find out-aniqlamoq
Meaning: to learn of or discover facts/information about something or someone
Example: I wanted to find out where Helena was from, I couldn’t tell by her accent.
⏩Get along-yaxshi chiqishish
Meaning: to have a friendly relationship with someone
Example: Alice and Sue get along very well, they never fight.
⏩Get over-Tuzalmoq
Meaning: to recover from a difficult or upsetting experience
Example: John can’t get over his breakup with Mary, it’s all he can think about.
⏩Give up-Taslim bo'lmoq, tashlamoq
Meaning: to stop trying to do something due to a lack of success
Example: Joan and Peter didn’t give up, they are still trying to have a baby.
⏩Go on-Davom etmoq
Meaning: to continue
Example: The teacher waited for the students to quiet down before he went on explaining
⏩Look after-G'amxo'rlik qilmoq
Meaning: to take care of someone, attend to
Example: Tom’s parents look after his kids when he has to work on the weekends.
⏩Look forward to-Intizorlik bilan kutmoq
Meaning: to anticipate something
Example: I’m looking forward to meeting my brother’s new girlfriend.
⏩Look up-Ma'lumot qidirmoq
Meaning: to search for information
Example: My professor uses such difficult language that I have to look words up in a dictionary.
⏩Put off-Qoldirish
Meaning: postpone
Example: He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.
⏩Put up with-Chidamoq
Meaning: to endure or tolerate
Example: I can’t put up with your behavior anymore.
⏩Take over-qabul qilmoq
Meaning: to assume control over something
Example: Mrs. Jones, the math teacher, is taking a maternity leave and Mrs. Green will be taking over.
⏩Take up-biror mashg'ulotni boshlash
Meaning: to develop an interest in something
Example: Greg took up hiking, because he wanted to spend more time outdoors.
⏩Try on-Kiyib ko'rmoq
Meaning: to put on an item of clothing in order to see if it fits
Example: These shoes look amazing.
#vocabulary
Share with your friends 🌪👇
@grammar_ingliz
20 popular phrasal verbs🇺🇿
⏩Break up-ajralmoq
Meaning: to end a relationship
Example: John and Mary broke up after 7 months of dating.
⏩Bring up-aytib o'tish
Meaning: to mention something
Example: Remember, don’t bring up Mary’s breakup when you talk to her.
⏩Carry on-Davom etmoq
Meaning: to continue doing what you have been doing
Example: Sorry, I didn’t mean to interrupt. Carry on with your speech.
⏩Carry out- Amalga oshirmoq
Meaning: to perform a task or assignment
Example: I couldn’t carry out my plan for the month.
⏩Come across-insonlarni sifatlashda ishlatiladi
Meaning: to seem or appear to have a specific quality, to make a certain impression on someone
Example: John comes across as a very positive person.
⏩Find out-aniqlamoq
Meaning: to learn of or discover facts/information about something or someone
Example: I wanted to find out where Helena was from, I couldn’t tell by her accent.
⏩Get along-yaxshi chiqishish
Meaning: to have a friendly relationship with someone
Example: Alice and Sue get along very well, they never fight.
⏩Get over-Tuzalmoq
Meaning: to recover from a difficult or upsetting experience
Example: John can’t get over his breakup with Mary, it’s all he can think about.
⏩Give up-Taslim bo'lmoq, tashlamoq
Meaning: to stop trying to do something due to a lack of success
Example: Joan and Peter didn’t give up, they are still trying to have a baby.
⏩Go on-Davom etmoq
Meaning: to continue
Example: The teacher waited for the students to quiet down before he went on explaining
⏩Look after-G'amxo'rlik qilmoq
Meaning: to take care of someone, attend to
Example: Tom’s parents look after his kids when he has to work on the weekends.
⏩Look forward to-Intizorlik bilan kutmoq
Meaning: to anticipate something
Example: I’m looking forward to meeting my brother’s new girlfriend.
⏩Look up-Ma'lumot qidirmoq
Meaning: to search for information
Example: My professor uses such difficult language that I have to look words up in a dictionary.
⏩Put off-Qoldirish
Meaning: postpone
Example: He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.
⏩Put up with-Chidamoq
Meaning: to endure or tolerate
Example: I can’t put up with your behavior anymore.
⏩Take over-qabul qilmoq
Meaning: to assume control over something
Example: Mrs. Jones, the math teacher, is taking a maternity leave and Mrs. Green will be taking over.
⏩Take up-biror mashg'ulotni boshlash
Meaning: to develop an interest in something
Example: Greg took up hiking, because he wanted to spend more time outdoors.
⏩Try on-Kiyib ko'rmoq
Meaning: to put on an item of clothing in order to see if it fits
Example: These shoes look amazing.
#vocabulary
Share with your friends 🌪👇
@grammar_ingliz
charlatan /ˈʃɑː(r)lətən/ ⤵️
= a person who pretends to have skills or knowledge that they do not have
= someone who cheats people by claiming to have special knowledge or abilities
📈 In so many 'education centers', there are too many charlatans who desperately make endless hollow promises hoping and deliberately planning to empty your pockets.
⚠️ As a matter of fact, were they experienced instructors, they wouldn't be cheating the public with their never-tested 'methods' which are described to bring fruitful results OVERNIGHT. Sadly, an increasing number of people are falling victims to such idiots' blatant lies.
@grammar_ingliz
= a person who pretends to have skills or knowledge that they do not have
= someone who cheats people by claiming to have special knowledge or abilities
📈 In so many 'education centers', there are too many charlatans who desperately make endless hollow promises hoping and deliberately planning to empty your pockets.
⚠️ As a matter of fact, were they experienced instructors, they wouldn't be cheating the public with their never-tested 'methods' which are described to bring fruitful results OVERNIGHT. Sadly, an increasing number of people are falling victims to such idiots' blatant lies.
@grammar_ingliz
🇬🇧I’m tired #synonyms
😴 I’m beat
😴 I’m hanging
😴 I'm literally fatigued
😴 I’m wasted
😴 I’m drained
😴 I’m flagging
😴 I’m worn out
😴 I'm dog-tired
😴 I’m whacked
😴 I’m knackered
😴 I’m ready for bed
😴 I’m cream crackered
😴 I’ve got nothing left in the tank
🤓 Let's watch a movie on Netflix, MrSultonbek
👨🏫 Oh, dude...I'd love to, but I've literally got nothing left in the tank. I guess I'd better hit the hay earlier today.
@grammar_ingliz
😴 I’m beat
😴 I’m hanging
😴 I'm literally fatigued
😴 I’m wasted
😴 I’m drained
😴 I’m flagging
😴 I’m worn out
😴 I'm dog-tired
😴 I’m whacked
😴 I’m knackered
😴 I’m ready for bed
😴 I’m cream crackered
😴 I’ve got nothing left in the tank
🤓 Let's watch a movie on Netflix, MrSultonbek
👨🏫 Oh, dude...I'd love to, but I've literally got nothing left in the tank. I guess I'd better hit the hay earlier today.
@grammar_ingliz
SYNONYMS
Eager – ( keen, fervent, enthusiastic, involved ) - jon jahdi bilan xohlamoq
End – ( stop, finish, terminate, conclude ) - oxir, nihoya
Enjoy – ( appreciate, be pleased, indulge in ) - zavqlanmoq
Explain – ( elaborate, clarify, define, interpret) - tushuntirmoq
Fair – (just, impartial, unbiased, objective ) - adolatli, qonuniy
Fall – (drop, descend, plunge, topple) - tushmoq
Fast – (quick, rapid, hasty, swiftly) - tezkor
False – (fake, fraudulent, counterfeit, spurious) - notogri
Fat –(stout, corpulent, paunchy, plump ) - semiz, qalin
Fear –(fright, dread, terror, alarm) - qo`rqmoq
Fly – ( soar, hover, flit, wing) - uchmoq
Funny –( humorous, amusing, droll, laughable) - kulguli, ajoyib
@grammar_ingliz
Eager – ( keen, fervent, enthusiastic, involved ) - jon jahdi bilan xohlamoq
End – ( stop, finish, terminate, conclude ) - oxir, nihoya
Enjoy – ( appreciate, be pleased, indulge in ) - zavqlanmoq
Explain – ( elaborate, clarify, define, interpret) - tushuntirmoq
Fair – (just, impartial, unbiased, objective ) - adolatli, qonuniy
Fall – (drop, descend, plunge, topple) - tushmoq
Fast – (quick, rapid, hasty, swiftly) - tezkor
False – (fake, fraudulent, counterfeit, spurious) - notogri
Fat –(stout, corpulent, paunchy, plump ) - semiz, qalin
Fear –(fright, dread, terror, alarm) - qo`rqmoq
Fly – ( soar, hover, flit, wing) - uchmoq
Funny –( humorous, amusing, droll, laughable) - kulguli, ajoyib
@grammar_ingliz
#collocations_on_topics
Topic: Relationships
Go dutch
— bo’lishib to’lamoq
Let’s share
— bo'lishib to'lamoq
It is on me
— bu mening hisobimdan
Kiss and make up
— urushib, yarashish
A match made in heaven
— tangri yaratgan juftlik
One’s one and only
— kimningdir yakka-yagonasi
Puppy love
— babnik sevgi
Say I do
— turmush qurmoq
@grammar_ingliz
Topic: Relationships
Go dutch
— bo’lishib to’lamoq
Let’s share
— bo'lishib to'lamoq
It is on me
— bu mening hisobimdan
Kiss and make up
— urushib, yarashish
A match made in heaven
— tangri yaratgan juftlik
One’s one and only
— kimningdir yakka-yagonasi
Puppy love
— babnik sevgi
Say I do
— turmush qurmoq
@grammar_ingliz
There is/There are #GrammarTime
🔹There is , there are u yerda bor degan ma’noni bildirib, biror joyda biror nima borligini bildiradi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸There is an apple in the fridge.
Xolodilnikda olma bor.
🔹There is/are ni have/has dan farqi, have/has biror shaxsda yoki predmetda biror nima borligini bildirsa, there is/are esa biror yerda biror nima borligini bildiradi.
🔸There’s a boat.
U yerda qayiq bor
🔸There are three fish.
U yerda uchta baliqlar bor.
🔹Avvalgi darslarimizda, biz sizga “is” ni birlik “are”ni esa ko’plik uchun ishlatilishini aytib o’tgandik, xuddi shunday ‘ there is – birlikdagi otni, there are esa ko’plikdagi otlarni borligini ko’rsatish uchun qo’llaniladi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸There is a pen on the table. (stol ustida ruchka bor)
🔸There are two pens on the the table. (stol ustida ikkita ruchkalar bor)
🔹Biz there is/are dan inkor gap yasaganimizda to be fe’li (is/are) dan keyin not yuklamasi qo’yiladi va u yerda yo’q deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸There is not a pen in my bag. Mening sumkamda ruchka yo’q.
🔸There are not five flowers in the classroom. Sinfxonada beshta gullar yo’q.
🔹Biz there is/are dan so’roq shaklini yasaganimizda esa to be fe’li (is/are) egadan oldinga qo’yiladi va u yerda bormi deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸Is there a cat in your home?
Sizning uyingizda mushuk bormi?
🔸Are there two copybooks in your bag?
Sumkangizda ikkita daftaringiz bormi?
🔹Ingliz tilida ko’pincha to be fe’lini qisqartmalaridan foydalaniladi.
There is/are ni quyidagicha qisqartirib foydalanish mumkin.
🔸there is = there’s
🔸there is not = there isn’t
🔸there are not= there aren't
@grammar_ingliz
🔹There is , there are u yerda bor degan ma’noni bildirib, biror joyda biror nima borligini bildiradi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸There is an apple in the fridge.
Xolodilnikda olma bor.
🔹There is/are ni have/has dan farqi, have/has biror shaxsda yoki predmetda biror nima borligini bildirsa, there is/are esa biror yerda biror nima borligini bildiradi.
🔸There’s a boat.
U yerda qayiq bor
🔸There are three fish.
U yerda uchta baliqlar bor.
🔹Avvalgi darslarimizda, biz sizga “is” ni birlik “are”ni esa ko’plik uchun ishlatilishini aytib o’tgandik, xuddi shunday ‘ there is – birlikdagi otni, there are esa ko’plikdagi otlarni borligini ko’rsatish uchun qo’llaniladi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸There is a pen on the table. (stol ustida ruchka bor)
🔸There are two pens on the the table. (stol ustida ikkita ruchkalar bor)
🔹Biz there is/are dan inkor gap yasaganimizda to be fe’li (is/are) dan keyin not yuklamasi qo’yiladi va u yerda yo’q deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸There is not a pen in my bag. Mening sumkamda ruchka yo’q.
🔸There are not five flowers in the classroom. Sinfxonada beshta gullar yo’q.
🔹Biz there is/are dan so’roq shaklini yasaganimizda esa to be fe’li (is/are) egadan oldinga qo’yiladi va u yerda bormi deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔹Masalan:
🔸Is there a cat in your home?
Sizning uyingizda mushuk bormi?
🔸Are there two copybooks in your bag?
Sumkangizda ikkita daftaringiz bormi?
🔹Ingliz tilida ko’pincha to be fe’lini qisqartmalaridan foydalaniladi.
There is/are ni quyidagicha qisqartirib foydalanish mumkin.
🔸there is = there’s
🔸there is not = there isn’t
🔸there are not= there aren't
@grammar_ingliz