#collocations_on_topics

Topic: family

Mutual divorce/separation
— kelishib, janjalsiz ajrashish

Stay on good terms with each other
— bir-biri bilan yaxshi munoabatda qolmoq

Get pregnant
— homilador bo’lmoq

Single mother
— nikohsiz bola ko’rgan ayol

Have an abortion
— abort qildirish

Give the baby up for adoption
— bolani boqib olishga berib yuborish

Due date
— bola tug’uladigan kun

Give birth/have the baby
— farzandni dunyoga keltirish

@grammar_ingliz

#farqi_nimada

➕ Revise va cram:

➖ to revise - fe'l, o'rganmoq, o'qimoq, tayyorlanmoq
➖ to study to prepare for an examination

➖ He’s revising for his final exams.
➖ U imtihoniga tayyorlanyabdi.

➖ to cram - fe'l, o'rganmoq, o'qimoq, tayyorlanmoq
➖ to study very hard and try to learn a lot of information just before an examination

➖ Everyone is cramming for their final exams.
➖ Hamma imtihonga tayyorgarlik ko'rmoqda.

👉 @grammar_ingliz

#farqi_nimada

➕ Look into va look back:

➖ Look into - ko'rib chiqmoq, tadqiq etmoq
➖ to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc in order to solve it

➖ Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.
➖ Politsiya ikkita bola yo'qolganlig ishini ko'rib chiqmoqda.

➖ Look back - ortga qaramoq, tarixga nazar solmoq
➖ to think about something that happened in the past

➖ When I look back on those days I realize I was desperately unhappy.
➖ Men qachonki shu kunlarni eslasam, juda hafa bo'lar edi.

👉 @grammar_ingliz

💡 Modal fe'llarning majhul nisbatda qo'llanishi

💡Koʻpgina modal fe'llar (can/could/should/may/might/must/need/ought to) bilan ham majhul nisbat hosil qilish mumkin.

💡Hozirgi zamonda yuqoridagi modal fe'llardan keyin be + V3(ed) shaklini keltirish yoʻli bilan majhul nisbat hosil qilinadi.
🔹️You must clean the room. (active voice) The room must be cleaned. (passive voice)
🔹️Somebody may break the window. (active voice) The window may be broken. (passive voice)

💡Oʻtgan zamonda yuqoridagi modal fe'llardan keyin have been + V3(ed) shaklini keltirish yoʻli bilan majhul nisbat hosil qilinadi.
🔹️The room looks nice. You must have cleaned it. (active voice) The room must have been cleaned. (passive voice)
🔹️Somebody may have broken the window. (active voice) The window may have been broken. (passive voice)

💡Yuqoridagi oʻtgan zamonda istisno holati have to modal fe’lida koʻrinadi. Oʻtgan zamondaga majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda bu modal fe’l had to+be+V3(ed) qurilmasida ishlatiladi.
🔹️I had to clean the room. The room had to be cleaned.



@grammar_ingliz

#collocations_on_topics

Topic: family

Adoptive parents
— boqib olgan ota-onasi

Bring up the child
— bolani tarbiyalamoq

Raise the child
— bolani o’stirmoq

Family man
— uyim-joyim deydigan erkak

The black sheep of the family
— oilani boshqa a’zolari bilan chiqisha olmaydigan a’zosi

Run in the blood/take after
— o’xhamoq, qoniga tortgan

Siblings
— tug’ushgan jigarlar, opa-ukalar

Ancestors
— ajdodlar

👉 @grammar_ingliz

#collocations_on_topics

Topic: family

Descendents
— avlod

Offspring
— avlod

See eye to eye
— butunlay fikriga qo’shilmoq (totally agree)

A get-together (noun)
— norasmiy yig’ilish (dasturxon atrofida)

To have a skeleton in the cupboard
— oilani hammadan yashiradigan siri bo’lmoq

Biological father/mother
— haqiqiy ota/onasi

Family matters
— oilaviy masalalar

👉 @grammar_ingliz

💡Majhul nisbat qurilmasi bilan axborot berish

💡Tasdiqlanmagan xabarlar (mish-mish) yoki rasmiy yangiliklar haqida majhul nisbat qurilmasi to be +V3(ed) orqali ma'lumot berishimiz mumkin. Bunday gaplar it is said that..., it is reported that... so'zlari bilan boshlanadi.
🔹️It is said that George has been married six times. (Aytishlaricha, Jorj olti marta uylanganmish.)
🔹️It is believed that the Earth is the only planet to support life. (Ishoniladiki, yer hayot mavjud boʻlgan yagona planetadir.)
🔹️It is reported that two people were arrested by the police. (Xabar berilishicha, ikki nafar shaxs politsiya tomonidan hibsga olingan)

💡Yuqoridagi misollarda It olmoshi gapda nominal ega boʻlib kelmoqda. Bu gaplarni quyidagicha yozishimiz ham mumkin:
🔹️It is said that George has been married six times. George is said to have been married six times.
🔹️It is believed that the Earth is the only planet to support life. The Earth is believed to be the only planet to support life.
🔹️It is reported that two people were arrested by the police. Two people are reported to have been arrested by the police.

💡Quyidagi fe'llar ham axborot/xabar berish maqsadida majhul nisbat qurilmasida kela oladi.
🔹️(to be) thought - o'ylashlaricha
🔹️alleged - gumon qilinishicha 🔹️understood - tushunishlaricha
🔹️considered - o'ylashlaricha
🔹️supposed - taxmin qilinishicha 🔹️presumed - taxmin qilinishicha
🔹️It is alleged that he kicked the policeman. He is alleged to have kicked the policeman.

💡Yuqoridagi qoidalarga qoʻshimcha tarzda ma'lumot berish uchun There + majhul nisbat qurilmasi ning qoʻllanishi mumkinligini aytib oʻtish lozim.
🔹️There are believed to be thousands of homeless teenagers living on the streets of the capital.

💡Xabar yoki axborot berish ma'nosidan tashqari to be supposed to iborasi boshqa ma'noda ham qoʻllanadi.
Qiyoslash uchun:
🔹️George is supposed to have six wives. (Jorjning oltita xotini bor emish.)
🔹️You are supposed to eat more vegetables. (Siz koʻproq sabzavotlardan tanovul qilishingiz kerak.)
💡Ikkinchi misoldan ham koʻrinadiki, be supposed to+V1 ba'zan should modal fe'li ma'nosida qoʻllanishi mumkin.
🔹️You are supposed to eat more vegetables. (=You should eat)
🔹️You aren't supposed to leave yet. (= You shouldn't leave yet)

💡Oʻtgan zamonda esa be supposed to+V1 - kelishilgan/rejalashtirilgan ish amalga oshishi kerak edi degan ma'noda qoʻllaniladi. Ko’pincha bu ish-harakat amalga oshmagan boʻladi.
🔹️The train was supposed to arrive at 10 oʻclock but it was an hour late. (The train wasn't on time)
🔹️You weren't supposed to do this exercise. Why did you do it?


👉 @grammar_ingliz

Mini Grammar 📚

PASSIVE VOICE 📍

💠 Ingliz tilida 16 ta zamonning faqat 10 tasida "Passive voice" hosil qilsa boladi. Bular quyidagilar:

1⃣ Present Simple passive:
❇️Object + am/is/are + V3(-ed)

2⃣Present Continuous passive:
❇️Ob. + am/is/are + being V3(-ed)

3⃣Present Perfect passive:
❇️Ob.+ have/has + been V3(-ed)

4⃣Past Simple passive:
❇️Ob. + was/were + V3(-ed)

5⃣Past Continues passive:
❇️Ob.+ was/were being V3(-ed)

6⃣Past Perfect passive:
❇️Ob. + had + been V3(-ed)

7⃣Future Simple passive:
❇️Ob. + will/shall + be V3(-ed)

8⃣Future Perfect passive:
❇️Ob. + will/shall + have + been V3(-ed)

9⃣Future Simple in the past passive:
❇️Ob. + would/should + be V3(-ed)

1⃣0⃣ Future Perfect in the past passive:
❇️Ob. + would/should + have + been V3(-ed)

♦️Quyidagi 6 ta zamonning passive voiceni(majhul nisbatini) hosil qilib bo'lmaydi.

1⃣Present Perfect Continues
✅ S +have/has been + V-ing

2⃣Future Continues
✅ S + will/shall +V-ing

3⃣Future Perfect Continues
✅ S will/shall have been V-ing

4⃣Past Perfect Continues
✅ S + had +V-ing

5⃣Future Continues in the Past
✅ S + would be + V-ing

6⃣Future Perfect Continues in the past
✅ S + would have been +V-ing


@grammar_ingliz

✳️ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 👍

✳️ Kanal foydlanuvchilari tomonidan lonely va alone so'zlarining farqini ko'p so'rashadi, o'zbek tilida mazkur so'zlar yolg'iz deb tarjima qilinsada, ingliz tilida bir-biridan ancha farq qiladi.

1️⃣ lonely - (ruhan) yolg'iz degan ma'noda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I often feel lonely if I travel abroad.

✳️ lonely soʻzi joyga nisbatan qoʻllanilganda, uzoqdagi, kimsasiz degan ma'no beradi.
🔸Dartmoor is a wild and lonely place.

2️⃣ alone - yolg'iz, bir oʻz(lar)i degan ma'nolarda qoʻllaniladi, lekin ot oldidan uni qo'llash grammatik xato hisoblanadi.
🔸He prefers to be alone. He is the least sociable person in the class.
🔸Leave the children alone.

✳️ Quyidagi misol bu soʻzlarning ma'nolarini yanada ochib beradi.
🔸She lives alone and often feels lonely. (U bir oʻzi yashaydi va oʻzini ruhan yoʻlgiz his qiladi)



@grammar_ingliz

🔎Ko‘p foydalaniladigan kundalik suhbatlashuvlar:

📌When you express acceptance of a thing, offer or suggestion
— Qachonki narsadan, taklifdan, maslahatdan rozi bo'lishni ifodalasangiz

🔹I guess. - Taxminimcha
🔹I suppose. - Menimcha
🔹I guess so. - Taxminimcha shunday
🔹I suppose so. - Menimcha shunday
🔹I believe so. - Men shunaqa deb ishonaman
🔹I think so. - O'ylashimcha shunday
🔹So it seems. - Shunday ko'rinyapti
🔹I hear you. - Men sizni eshityapman
🔹I hear what you're saying. - Nima deyayotganingizni eshityapman

📌When you agree with a point with indifference or resistance
— Qachonki kimnidir gapiga shubha yoki loqaydlik bilan qo'shilsangiz

🔹Anything you say. - Nima desangiz ham
🔹Whatever you say. - Nima deyishizdan qat'iy nazar
🔹As you say. - Aytganingizdek
🔹If you say so. - Agar shunaqa desangiz
🔹I'm afraid so. - Shunday deb qo'rqaman
🔹Have it your way. - O'zingiz bilasiz
🔹Suit yourself. - O'zingizga havola

@grammar_ingliz

☑️ Yangi so’zlar!

1.Educational system – ta’lim tizimi.
2.Elemantary school – boshlang’ich maktab.
3.Private – xususiy.
4.Junior High school – kichiklar yuqori maktabi
5.Senior High school – kattalar yuqori maktabi
6.Variation - turli
7.Urban - shaxarlik
8.Selective – tanlab olingan.
9.Theological - diniy
10.Pattern – namuna, model
11.Fee – o’qish uchun to’lash
12.Religion - din
13.Tax - soliq
14.Include – o’z ichiga olmoq
15.Preschool - maktabgacha
16.Infant school – bog’cha yoshidagi 5-7 yoshli bolalar maktabi
17.Junior school – boshlang’ich maktab
18.Public school –umumta’lim maktab
19.Secondary Comprehensive school – o’rta umumta’lim maktab
20.Attend - qatnamoq
21.Modern school – kasb-xunar maktabi
22.Grammar school – o’rta klassik maktab
23.Woodwork – yog’och ishi
24.Metalwork - slesar
25.Sew - tikish
26.Tutor – guruh rahbari
27.Attach - biriktirmoq
28.Boarding school – internat maktab
29.Progressive – ilg’or, taraqqiyparvar
30.Curriculum – o’quv rejasi


@grammar_ingliz

☝️MAY NOT yoki MUST NOT


⚠️MAY NOT o’zbek tilida “mumkin emas” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarga e’tibor bering:

▪️You may not enter my room without permission – Siz mening xonamga ruxsatiz kirishingiz mumkin emas.
▪️The students may not bring their cell phones to the class – Talabalar uyali telefonlarini darsga olib kelishlari mumkin emas.
▪️The equipment may not be used without company’s written permission – Jihozlar kompaniyaning yozma ruxsatisiz foydalanilishi mumkin emas.

⚠️Yuqoridagi misollarning barchasida MAY NOT ta’qiqlash, mumkin emaslik ma’nolarida ishlatilgan. Ammo MAY NOT har doim ham bunday holatda ishlatilavermaydi.

Bundan tashqari MAY NOT “sodir bo’lmasligi mumkin”, “bajarilmasligi mumkin”, “ehtimol … bo’lmas” degan ma’nolarda ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Quyidagi gaplarga e’tibor bering:

▪️Tom may not come tomorrow – Tom ertaga kelmasligi mumkin (ehtimol u ertaga kelmas).
▪️I may not be able to help you with your problem – Men sizning muammongiz bilan sizga yordam bera olmasligim mumkin (ehtimol sizga yordam bera olmasman).
▪️It may not rain today – Bugun yomg’ir yog’masligi mumkin (ehtimol bugun yomg’ir yog’mas).

MAY NOTning ta’qiqlash va ehtimollikning inkor bo’lgan shakllarda ishlatilishini yuqoridagi misollarda ko’rib o’tdik. Endi MUST NOT haqida o’rganamiz.

⚠️MUST NOT o’zbek tiliga “bajarmaslik kerak”, “bajarish ta’qiqlanadi” deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarni o’qing:

▪️You must not walk on the grass – Siz o’tning ustida yurmasligingiz kerak (ta’qiqlanadi).
▪️They must not come late – Ular kechikmasligi kerak (kechikishlari ta’qiqlanadi).
▪️I must not let him do that – Men uning bu ishni bajarishiga yo’l qo’ymasligim kerak.

Endi yuqoridagilardan kelib chiqib, MAY NOT va MUST NOT modal fe’llarining ikkalasida ham “bajarmaslik kerak”, “bajarish mumkin emas/ta’qiqlanadi” degan ma’nolar bo’lganligi sababli har qanday o’rganuvchida ta’qiqlashga nisabatan qaysi birini ishlatish borasida chalkashlik yuzaga kelishi mumkin.

⚠️Agar bitta testda ta’qiqlashga nisbatan MAY NOT va MUST NOT variantlari berilgan bo’lsa, ta’qiqlashga nisbatan MUST NOT varianti to’g’ri deb olinadi, MAY NOT esa ehtimollikning inkor shakli deb qaraladi. Quyidagi testga e’tibor bering:

(Menejerning buyrug’iga ko’ra siz idorada jinsi shim kiymasligingiz kerak/kiyishingiz ta’qiqlanadi)

According to the manager’s order, you … wear jeans in the office.

a) MAY NOT b) MUST NOT c)??? d)???

Yuqoridagi testda “menejer ofisga jinsi shim kiyib kelishni ta’qiqlagan” degan mano bor. Demak, bu ta’qiqlash/bu ishni bajarmaslik kerak. Bizda ikkita bir-biriga yaqin ma’nodagi javob bor. Bunday holatlarda ta’qiqlashga nisbatan B javob, ya’ni, MUST NOT javobi olinadi. To’g’ri javob:

According to the manager’s order, you must not wear jeans in the office.

Testdagi MAY NOT javobi esa ehtimollikning inkor shakli deb qaraladi. Agar yuqoridagi testga MAY NOT javobini qo’ysak, natijada test noto’g’ri bajariladi va quyidagicha noto’g’ri tarjima kelib chiqadi:

According to the manager’s order, you may not wear jeans in the office.

Menejerning buyrug’iga ko’ra, siz ehtimol idorada jinsi kiymasligingiz mumkin (balki jinsi kiymassiz).

@grammar_ingliz

🆕 Useful 🆕

🗣 Biror narsani boshqasiga qaraganda avzal ko'rishni ifodalash uchun ishlatilinadigan iboralar👇🏻

1️⃣ " like 🅰️ better than / more than 🅱️ "

⚡️I like the red one better than / more than the green one.

2️⃣ " prefer 🅰️ to 🅱️

⚡️I prefer beef to lamb.

3️⃣ " would prefer to do 🅰️ "

⚡️I'd prefer to wait here.

4️⃣ " woud rather 🅰️ than 🅱️ "

⚡️I'd rather go to the concert than the play.

5️⃣ " would rather do 🅰️ than do 🅱️ "

⚡️I think I'd rather stay in than go out tonight.

6️⃣ " like doing 🅰️ better than doing 🅱️ "

⚡️I like swimming better than jogging.

7️⃣ " think 🅰️ is much more + adjective "

⚡️I think that colour's much more attractive.

8️⃣ " do / does not really matter whether do 🅰️ or do 🅱️ "

⚡️It doesn’t really matter to me whether we eat here or go out.

9️⃣ " do not really mind whether do 🅰️ or do 🅱️ "

⚡️I don't really mind whether we talk now or later.

🔟 " to be happy 🅰️/🅱️ way "

⚡️I’m happy either way.

1️⃣1️⃣ " do not really care 🅰️/🅱️ way "

⚡️I don't really care either way.

1️⃣2️⃣ " if it were up to me , would choose 🅰️ "

⚡️If it were up to me, I'd choose the green one.

1️⃣3️⃣ " If you ask me, 🅰️ looks better than 🅱️ "

⚡️If you ask me, the old one looks better than the new one.

1️⃣4️⃣ " not expert but 🅰️ seems more + adjective"

⚡️I’m not an expert but Design B seems more eye-catching.

📝 @grammar_ingliz

#music time#
😘😘😘😘😘😘😘

@grammar_ingliz