TEFL, TESL va TESOL nima va ular o'qituvchilarga qanday imtiyoz beradi?
Ko'pgina o'qituvchilar orasida bugungi kunda tez-tez quloqqa chalinayotgan ushbu sertifikat turlari haqida ko'pchilik eshitgan bo'lsa kerak. Bu kabi sertifkatlar sizga turli xil mamlakatlarda ingliz tili o'qituvchisi bo'lib ishlash huquqini beradi. Ayrim mamlakatlarda o'qituvchi bo'lib ishlash uchun universitetni tamomlab bakalavr darajasidagi diplomga ega bo'lishingiz shart emas. TEFL, TESL yoki TESOL bilan dars berish mumkin bo'ladi. Ushbu ikki turdagi sertifikatlar deyarli bitta narsa. Faqat ayrim farqlari bor.
TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) - Ingliz tilini xorijiy til sifatida o'qitish, ushbu estifikat sizga, ona tili siingliz tili bo'lmagan davlatlar, masalan Xitoy, Braziliya, Yaponiya kabi davlatlarda ingliz tili o'qituvchisi bo'lib ishlash huquqini beradi. Bu sertifikatni onlayn yoki shunday sertifikatga o'qitadigan markazlarda o'qib olishingiz mumkin. Sertifikatda siz onlayn yoki an'anaviy usulda o'qiganiz to'g'risida hech qanday ma'lumot berilmaydi. Shuning uchun har ikkala yo'l bilan olingan sertifikat bir xil bo'ladi.
Onlayn o'qish uchun o'rtacha 300$ to'lashiz kerak bo'ladi. Markazga qatnab o'qish esa sizga taxminan 1200$ larga tushadi. Istagizga ko'ra 60 soatlik, 120 soatlik yoki 150 soatlik kurslarni tugatishiz mumkin. Bunda 150 soatlik kurs uchun taxminan yarim yil vaqtingiz ketadi.
TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) - Ingliz tilini ikkinchi til sifatida o'qitish, bu sertifikat asosan ona tilisi ingliz tili bo'lmagan lekin hozirda ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan mamlakatlarning birida yashab turgan o'quvchilarga masalan, USA, UK, Australia va Canada kabi davlatlardagi immigrantlar, talabalar, ishchilarga ingliz tilini o'qitish uchun hisoblanadi.
TESOL (Teaching English to speakers of other languages) - Ingliz tilini boshqa tillarda so'zlashuvchilarga o'qitish, bu sertifikat TEFL va TESL dan farqli o'laroq, istalgan davlatda ingliz tilini o'qitish huquqini beradi. Ushbu kursni onlayn 250$, markazlarda esa 1500$ lar atrofida topishingiz mumkin.
O'qish davomiyligi 120 soatdan 150 soatgacha bo'lishi mumkin.
TESOL, TESL va TEFL ni daraja beradigan sertifikatlar bilan adashtirmang. Bu sertifikatlar o'qib, kursni muvaffaqiyatli tugatib keyin olinadi. Daraja aniqlaydigan sertifikatlar esa (IELTS, CEFR) istalgan payt topshirib olinishi mumkin. Keyin ushbu sertifikatlardan biriga ega ekanligingiz ish topishingiz kafolatini bermaydi. Masalan Xitoyda siz o'qituvchi bo'lib ishlashingiz uchun oliy ma'lumotga ega bo'lishingiz kerak. TEFL, TESL yoki TESOL sertifikatlarini siz bir yutug'ingiz sifatida ko'rsatishingiz mumkin. Lekin ularni o'zi bilan dars bera olmaysiz.
O'zbekistonda bu kabi sertifikatlara o'qitishlar yo'lga qo'yilganiga hali ko'p bo'lmadi. Shuning uchun bu kabi sertifikatlar bilan davlat ta'lim muassasalarida dars berib bo'lmaydi. Lekin TEFL, TESL yoki TESOL sertifikatlariga ega ingliz tili o'qituvchilari uchun qarorga muvofiq, ushbu sertifikatlar C1 darajasiga tenglashtirilishi va 50 foiz ustama berishi ko'zda tutilgan. Faqat har qaysi sertifikat ham tan olinmaydi. O'zbekiston hududida tan olinadigan sertifikatlar:
🔹 TESOL International Assosiation TCCP Course
🔹 SIT TESOL
🔹 Trinity CertTESOL
Qolgan turdagi sertifikatlar ustama uchun tan olinmaydi!
🇬🇧 @grammar_ingliz
Ko'pgina o'qituvchilar orasida bugungi kunda tez-tez quloqqa chalinayotgan ushbu sertifikat turlari haqida ko'pchilik eshitgan bo'lsa kerak. Bu kabi sertifkatlar sizga turli xil mamlakatlarda ingliz tili o'qituvchisi bo'lib ishlash huquqini beradi. Ayrim mamlakatlarda o'qituvchi bo'lib ishlash uchun universitetni tamomlab bakalavr darajasidagi diplomga ega bo'lishingiz shart emas. TEFL, TESL yoki TESOL bilan dars berish mumkin bo'ladi. Ushbu ikki turdagi sertifikatlar deyarli bitta narsa. Faqat ayrim farqlari bor.
TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) - Ingliz tilini xorijiy til sifatida o'qitish, ushbu estifikat sizga, ona tili siingliz tili bo'lmagan davlatlar, masalan Xitoy, Braziliya, Yaponiya kabi davlatlarda ingliz tili o'qituvchisi bo'lib ishlash huquqini beradi. Bu sertifikatni onlayn yoki shunday sertifikatga o'qitadigan markazlarda o'qib olishingiz mumkin. Sertifikatda siz onlayn yoki an'anaviy usulda o'qiganiz to'g'risida hech qanday ma'lumot berilmaydi. Shuning uchun har ikkala yo'l bilan olingan sertifikat bir xil bo'ladi.
Onlayn o'qish uchun o'rtacha 300$ to'lashiz kerak bo'ladi. Markazga qatnab o'qish esa sizga taxminan 1200$ larga tushadi. Istagizga ko'ra 60 soatlik, 120 soatlik yoki 150 soatlik kurslarni tugatishiz mumkin. Bunda 150 soatlik kurs uchun taxminan yarim yil vaqtingiz ketadi.
TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) - Ingliz tilini ikkinchi til sifatida o'qitish, bu sertifikat asosan ona tilisi ingliz tili bo'lmagan lekin hozirda ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan mamlakatlarning birida yashab turgan o'quvchilarga masalan, USA, UK, Australia va Canada kabi davlatlardagi immigrantlar, talabalar, ishchilarga ingliz tilini o'qitish uchun hisoblanadi.
TESOL (Teaching English to speakers of other languages) - Ingliz tilini boshqa tillarda so'zlashuvchilarga o'qitish, bu sertifikat TEFL va TESL dan farqli o'laroq, istalgan davlatda ingliz tilini o'qitish huquqini beradi. Ushbu kursni onlayn 250$, markazlarda esa 1500$ lar atrofida topishingiz mumkin.
O'qish davomiyligi 120 soatdan 150 soatgacha bo'lishi mumkin.
TESOL, TESL va TEFL ni daraja beradigan sertifikatlar bilan adashtirmang. Bu sertifikatlar o'qib, kursni muvaffaqiyatli tugatib keyin olinadi. Daraja aniqlaydigan sertifikatlar esa (IELTS, CEFR) istalgan payt topshirib olinishi mumkin. Keyin ushbu sertifikatlardan biriga ega ekanligingiz ish topishingiz kafolatini bermaydi. Masalan Xitoyda siz o'qituvchi bo'lib ishlashingiz uchun oliy ma'lumotga ega bo'lishingiz kerak. TEFL, TESL yoki TESOL sertifikatlarini siz bir yutug'ingiz sifatida ko'rsatishingiz mumkin. Lekin ularni o'zi bilan dars bera olmaysiz.
O'zbekistonda bu kabi sertifikatlara o'qitishlar yo'lga qo'yilganiga hali ko'p bo'lmadi. Shuning uchun bu kabi sertifikatlar bilan davlat ta'lim muassasalarida dars berib bo'lmaydi. Lekin TEFL, TESL yoki TESOL sertifikatlariga ega ingliz tili o'qituvchilari uchun qarorga muvofiq, ushbu sertifikatlar C1 darajasiga tenglashtirilishi va 50 foiz ustama berishi ko'zda tutilgan. Faqat har qaysi sertifikat ham tan olinmaydi. O'zbekiston hududida tan olinadigan sertifikatlar:
🔹 TESOL International Assosiation TCCP Course
🔹 SIT TESOL
🔹 Trinity CertTESOL
Qolgan turdagi sertifikatlar ustama uchun tan olinmaydi!
🇬🇧 @grammar_ingliz
#vocabulary
Topic: family
Dysfunctional family
— serg’alva oila
Troubled childhood
— g’am-tashvishli bolalik
Bitter divorce/messy divorce
— urush-janjal qilib ajrashish
Broken home
— buzilgan oila
Custody of the children
— bolalarga vasiylik
Joint custody
— ham ota, ham onaning vasilik qilishi
Sole custody
— yo ota, yo onaning vasilik qilishi
Pay child support
— aliment to’lamoq
👉 @grammar_ingliz
Topic: family
Dysfunctional family
— serg’alva oila
Troubled childhood
— g’am-tashvishli bolalik
Bitter divorce/messy divorce
— urush-janjal qilib ajrashish
Broken home
— buzilgan oila
Custody of the children
— bolalarga vasiylik
Joint custody
— ham ota, ham onaning vasilik qilishi
Sole custody
— yo ota, yo onaning vasilik qilishi
Pay child support
— aliment to’lamoq
👉 @grammar_ingliz
🌟 Ilm olish sirlari
1⃣ Niyat qo‘ying!
Dars qilishga yoki kitob o‘qishga o‘tirganingizda o‘z oldingizga niyat qo‘ying. Uni yakunlamaguncha o‘rningizdan turmang.
2⃣ Chalg‘ituvchi omillarni cheklang!
Darsni hech kim sizni chalg‘itmaydigan joyda qiling.
3⃣ O‘tirgan holda dars qiling!
Hech qachon yotgan holatingizda kitob o‘qimang, dars qilmang.
4⃣ Tanaffus qiling!
Har yigirma daqiqalik mutolaadan so‘ng, har xil mashqlar bajaring. Bu miya faolligini yanada oshiradi hamda tanani tetiklashtiradi.
@grammar_ingliz
1⃣ Niyat qo‘ying!
Dars qilishga yoki kitob o‘qishga o‘tirganingizda o‘z oldingizga niyat qo‘ying. Uni yakunlamaguncha o‘rningizdan turmang.
2⃣ Chalg‘ituvchi omillarni cheklang!
Darsni hech kim sizni chalg‘itmaydigan joyda qiling.
3⃣ O‘tirgan holda dars qiling!
Hech qachon yotgan holatingizda kitob o‘qimang, dars qilmang.
4⃣ Tanaffus qiling!
Har yigirma daqiqalik mutolaadan so‘ng, har xil mashqlar bajaring. Bu miya faolligini yanada oshiradi hamda tanani tetiklashtiradi.
@grammar_ingliz
🔎Mavzu: Aralash gaplar
💦 Can you spare me a moment? - bir daqiqa vaqt ajrata olasizmi?
💦 Could you do me a favor? - menga yordam bera olasizmi?
💦 Don't take it to heart - yuragingizga yaqin olmang
💦 Forget it - ahamiyat bermang
💦 How come? - qanday bunday?
🔎Mavzu: Uyqu
💦 Be fast asleep - tez uxlab qolmoq
💦 Fall asleep - uxlab qolmoq
💦 Have a good time - vaqtingizni yaxshi o'tkazing
💦 Have a lie-in - yotoqda dumalab yotish
💦 Have a nap - mizg'ib olmoq
💦 Have insomnia - uyqusizlik kasallligi
💦 Have nightmares - qo'rqinchli tushlar ko'rish
💦 Sleepwalk - uyquda yurib chiqish
💦 Snore - xurrak otmoq
💦 Talk in your sleep - uyquda gapirish
💦 Wake up - uyg'onmoq
👉 @grammar_ingliz
💦 Can you spare me a moment? - bir daqiqa vaqt ajrata olasizmi?
💦 Could you do me a favor? - menga yordam bera olasizmi?
💦 Don't take it to heart - yuragingizga yaqin olmang
💦 Forget it - ahamiyat bermang
💦 How come? - qanday bunday?
🔎Mavzu: Uyqu
💦 Be fast asleep - tez uxlab qolmoq
💦 Fall asleep - uxlab qolmoq
💦 Have a good time - vaqtingizni yaxshi o'tkazing
💦 Have a lie-in - yotoqda dumalab yotish
💦 Have a nap - mizg'ib olmoq
💦 Have insomnia - uyqusizlik kasallligi
💦 Have nightmares - qo'rqinchli tushlar ko'rish
💦 Sleepwalk - uyquda yurib chiqish
💦 Snore - xurrak otmoq
💦 Talk in your sleep - uyquda gapirish
💦 Wake up - uyg'onmoq
👉 @grammar_ingliz
#grammar
🔔Ingliz tilida eng keng tarqalgan holat fe'llari:
💡Quyidagi fe'llarni juda yaxshi esda saqlab qolish lozim, chunki ingliz tilida holat va harakat fe'llarini farqlay olish, barcha zamonlarni to'g'ri qo'llashda asqotadi.
▫️be - bo'lmoq ▫️want - xohlamoq ▫️need -muhtoj bo'lmoq ▫️prefer - afzal ko'rmoq ▫️like - yoqtirmoq ▫️love - sevmoq ▫️hate - nafratlanmoq ▫️belong - tegishli bo'lmoq ▫️❗️appear - ko'rinmoq ▫️imagine - tasavvur qilmoq ▫️exist - mavjud bo'lmoq ▫️❗️look - ko'rinmoq ▫️❗️see - ko'rmoq ▫️hear - eshitmoq ▫️resemble - o'xshamoq ▫️❗️fit - to'g'ri kelmoq▫️own -egalik qilmoq ▫️possess - egalik qilmoq ▫️owe - qarz bo'lmoq ▫️depend - bog'liq bo'lmoq ▫️adore - qattiq sevmoq ▫️dislike - yomon ko'rmoq ▫️suit - mos kelmoq ▫️involve - o'z ichiga olmoq ▫️know - bilmoq ▫️believe - ishonmoq ▫️suppose - taxmin qilmoq ▫️mean - ma'no anglatmoq ▫️understand - tushunmoq ▫️remember - eslamoq ▫️notice - sezmoq, payqamoq ▫️❗️smell - hid taratmoq ▫️sound - eshitilmoq, tuyulmoq ▫️❗️taste - ta'mga ega bo'lmoq ▫️consist - tashkil topmoq ▫️❗️feel - his qilmoq ▫️admire - havas qilmoq ▫️lack - yetishmaslik ▫️wish - tilamoq ▫️forget - esdan chiqarmoq ▫️seem - ko'rinmoq, tuyulmoq ▫️❗️have - ega bo'lmoq ▫️❗️think - o'ylamoq ▫️realise - tushunib yetmoq ▫️doubt - shubhalanmoq ▫️suspect - gumonlanmoq ▫️comprise - tashkil topmoq ▫️contain - ichiga olmoq ▫️include - ichiga olmoq ▫️come from - kelib chiqmoq ▫️concern - tegishli bo'lmoq ▫️appreciate - tushunmoq, yuqori baholamoq
💡Yuqoridagi fe'llarni davomiy zamonlarda qo'llash grammatik xato hisoblanadi.
🔸I am knowing the rule. (noto'g'ri)
🔸I know the rule. (to'g'ri)
Kanalimizdan uzoqlashmang📌
👉 @grammar_ingliz
🔔Ingliz tilida eng keng tarqalgan holat fe'llari:
💡Quyidagi fe'llarni juda yaxshi esda saqlab qolish lozim, chunki ingliz tilida holat va harakat fe'llarini farqlay olish, barcha zamonlarni to'g'ri qo'llashda asqotadi.
▫️be - bo'lmoq ▫️want - xohlamoq ▫️need -muhtoj bo'lmoq ▫️prefer - afzal ko'rmoq ▫️like - yoqtirmoq ▫️love - sevmoq ▫️hate - nafratlanmoq ▫️belong - tegishli bo'lmoq ▫️❗️appear - ko'rinmoq ▫️imagine - tasavvur qilmoq ▫️exist - mavjud bo'lmoq ▫️❗️look - ko'rinmoq ▫️❗️see - ko'rmoq ▫️hear - eshitmoq ▫️resemble - o'xshamoq ▫️❗️fit - to'g'ri kelmoq▫️own -egalik qilmoq ▫️possess - egalik qilmoq ▫️owe - qarz bo'lmoq ▫️depend - bog'liq bo'lmoq ▫️adore - qattiq sevmoq ▫️dislike - yomon ko'rmoq ▫️suit - mos kelmoq ▫️involve - o'z ichiga olmoq ▫️know - bilmoq ▫️believe - ishonmoq ▫️suppose - taxmin qilmoq ▫️mean - ma'no anglatmoq ▫️understand - tushunmoq ▫️remember - eslamoq ▫️notice - sezmoq, payqamoq ▫️❗️smell - hid taratmoq ▫️sound - eshitilmoq, tuyulmoq ▫️❗️taste - ta'mga ega bo'lmoq ▫️consist - tashkil topmoq ▫️❗️feel - his qilmoq ▫️admire - havas qilmoq ▫️lack - yetishmaslik ▫️wish - tilamoq ▫️forget - esdan chiqarmoq ▫️seem - ko'rinmoq, tuyulmoq ▫️❗️have - ega bo'lmoq ▫️❗️think - o'ylamoq ▫️realise - tushunib yetmoq ▫️doubt - shubhalanmoq ▫️suspect - gumonlanmoq ▫️comprise - tashkil topmoq ▫️contain - ichiga olmoq ▫️include - ichiga olmoq ▫️come from - kelib chiqmoq ▫️concern - tegishli bo'lmoq ▫️appreciate - tushunmoq, yuqori baholamoq
💡Yuqoridagi fe'llarni davomiy zamonlarda qo'llash grammatik xato hisoblanadi.
🔸I am knowing the rule. (noto'g'ri)
🔸I know the rule. (to'g'ri)
Kanalimizdan uzoqlashmang📌
👉 @grammar_ingliz
#grammar
"Of" predlogidan foydalanish
🗣 Biz " of " predlogini quyidagi holatlarda ishlatamiz:
❇️ Biror kimga biror nima bog'liq yoki tegishli ekanligini aytganda
🔺a friend of mine
🔺the love of a mother for her child
🔺the role of the teacher
⚠️ Agar kimdur chizgan, yozgan, ishlab chiqgan narsalarni barchasi nazarda tutilganda
🔺the paintings of Monet
⚠️Lekin shu narsalarning bir yoki bir nechtasigina nazarda tutilsa "by" ni ishlatamiz
🔺a painting by Monet
❇️ Biror narsaga tegishli, qarashli yoki bog'liqligini aytganda
🔺the lid of the box
🔺the director of the company
🔺a member of the team
❇️ Kelib chiqishi yoki turar joyini aytganda
🔺a woman of Italian descent
🔺the people of Uzbekistan
❇️ Biror kimni nazarda tutganda yoki ko'rsatganda
🔺a story of passion
🔺a photo of my dog
🔺a map of India
❇️ Biror kim yoki biror narasa nimadan iborat yoki tashkil topganini aytganda
🔺the city of Namangan
🔺the issue of housing
🔺a crowd of people
🔺a glass of milk
❇️ O'lchov birliklari, vaqt, yosh va shunga o'xshagan birliklarni ifodalash uchun
🔺2 kilos of potatoes
🔺an increase of 2%
🔺a girl of 12
🔺the fourth of July
❇️ Biror kimni qandaydur guruh yoki jamoaga tegishli ekanligini aytganda ( asosan some / few / iolmoshlari bilan )
🔺some of his friends
🔺a few of the problems
🔺the most famous of all the stars
❇️Biror narsa yoki biror kimni holatini vaqt va joyga nisbatan
🔺just north of Detroit
🔺at the time of the revolution(North American English)
🔺at a quarter of eleven tonight (= 10.45 p.m.)
❇️ Fe'ldan yasalgan otlar oldidan ishlatilinadi
🔺the arrival of the police (= they arrive)
🔺criticism of the police (= they are criticized)
🔺fear of the dark the howling of the wind
❇️ O'zidan so'ng "of" talab qiluvchi fe'llardan so'ng
🔺to deprive somebody of something
🔺He was cleared of all blame.
🔺Think of a number, any number.
❇️ O'zidan keyin "of" talab qiluvchi sifatlardan so'ng
🔺to be proud of something
❇️ Biror kim o'zini qanday tutishi yoki tutganini aytganda ishlatilinadi
✨Kanalimizga a'zo bo'ling🔅
@grammar_ingliz
"Of" predlogidan foydalanish
🗣 Biz " of " predlogini quyidagi holatlarda ishlatamiz:
❇️ Biror kimga biror nima bog'liq yoki tegishli ekanligini aytganda
🔺a friend of mine
🔺the love of a mother for her child
🔺the role of the teacher
⚠️ Agar kimdur chizgan, yozgan, ishlab chiqgan narsalarni barchasi nazarda tutilganda
🔺the paintings of Monet
⚠️Lekin shu narsalarning bir yoki bir nechtasigina nazarda tutilsa "by" ni ishlatamiz
🔺a painting by Monet
❇️ Biror narsaga tegishli, qarashli yoki bog'liqligini aytganda
🔺the lid of the box
🔺the director of the company
🔺a member of the team
❇️ Kelib chiqishi yoki turar joyini aytganda
🔺a woman of Italian descent
🔺the people of Uzbekistan
❇️ Biror kimni nazarda tutganda yoki ko'rsatganda
🔺a story of passion
🔺a photo of my dog
🔺a map of India
❇️ Biror kim yoki biror narasa nimadan iborat yoki tashkil topganini aytganda
🔺the city of Namangan
🔺the issue of housing
🔺a crowd of people
🔺a glass of milk
❇️ O'lchov birliklari, vaqt, yosh va shunga o'xshagan birliklarni ifodalash uchun
🔺2 kilos of potatoes
🔺an increase of 2%
🔺a girl of 12
🔺the fourth of July
❇️ Biror kimni qandaydur guruh yoki jamoaga tegishli ekanligini aytganda ( asosan some / few / iolmoshlari bilan )
🔺some of his friends
🔺a few of the problems
🔺the most famous of all the stars
❇️Biror narsa yoki biror kimni holatini vaqt va joyga nisbatan
🔺just north of Detroit
🔺at the time of the revolution(North American English)
🔺at a quarter of eleven tonight (= 10.45 p.m.)
❇️ Fe'ldan yasalgan otlar oldidan ishlatilinadi
🔺the arrival of the police (= they arrive)
🔺criticism of the police (= they are criticized)
🔺fear of the dark the howling of the wind
❇️ O'zidan so'ng "of" talab qiluvchi fe'llardan so'ng
🔺to deprive somebody of something
🔺He was cleared of all blame.
🔺Think of a number, any number.
❇️ O'zidan keyin "of" talab qiluvchi sifatlardan so'ng
🔺to be proud of something
❇️ Biror kim o'zini qanday tutishi yoki tutganini aytganda ishlatilinadi
✨Kanalimizga a'zo bo'ling🔅
@grammar_ingliz
#grammar
Before va Ago
Ago o’tgan zamonda ishlatiladi va o’tgan zamondagi biror vaqtni gapirish paytidan boshlab sanashda ishlatiladi.
Masalan: two days ago dedingizmi gapirlayotgan paytdan boshlab ikki kun orqaga sanaladi.
Before perfect zamonlarda ishlatiladi va“hozirdan oldin har qanday paytda” yoki “o’shanda” degan ma’no beradi.
▪️I have seen her before. – Men uni ilgari (oldin) ko’rganman.
Bu yerda before so’zi aniq payt emas hozirdan oldin qaysidir paytda yoki o’shanda ya’ni oldin degan ma’no bermoqda.
Ago esa hozirdan oldin aniq vaqtni bildiradi
two days ago-ikki kun oldin aniq ikki kun oldin.
@grammar_ingliz
Before va Ago
Ago o’tgan zamonda ishlatiladi va o’tgan zamondagi biror vaqtni gapirish paytidan boshlab sanashda ishlatiladi.
Masalan: two days ago dedingizmi gapirlayotgan paytdan boshlab ikki kun orqaga sanaladi.
Before perfect zamonlarda ishlatiladi va“hozirdan oldin har qanday paytda” yoki “o’shanda” degan ma’no beradi.
▪️I have seen her before. – Men uni ilgari (oldin) ko’rganman.
Bu yerda before so’zi aniq payt emas hozirdan oldin qaysidir paytda yoki o’shanda ya’ni oldin degan ma’no bermoqda.
Ago esa hozirdan oldin aniq vaqtni bildiradi
two days ago-ikki kun oldin aniq ikki kun oldin.
@grammar_ingliz
#vocabulary ♻️
Pay - to'lamoq
Paid - to'langan
Payment - to'lov
Payable - to'lasa bo'ladigan
Poor - kambag'al
Poorly - nochor tarzda
Poverty - kambag'allik
Real - haqiqiy, real
Unreal - haqiqiy emas
Really - rostdan
Realise - anglamoq
Realisation - anglash
Reality - haqiqat, reallik
Realistic - real qarash
Realistically - ochiqchasiga yondashganda
Value - qadr
Valuable - qadrli
Invaluable - qadrsiz
Valuably - qadrli tarzda
Invaluably - qadrsiz tarda
Valueless - qadrsiz
Valuation - qadrlash
Wealth - boylik
Wealthy - boy
@grammar_ingliz
Pay - to'lamoq
Paid - to'langan
Payment - to'lov
Payable - to'lasa bo'ladigan
Poor - kambag'al
Poorly - nochor tarzda
Poverty - kambag'allik
Real - haqiqiy, real
Unreal - haqiqiy emas
Really - rostdan
Realise - anglamoq
Realisation - anglash
Reality - haqiqat, reallik
Realistic - real qarash
Realistically - ochiqchasiga yondashganda
Value - qadr
Valuable - qadrli
Invaluable - qadrsiz
Valuably - qadrli tarzda
Invaluably - qadrsiz tarda
Valueless - qadrsiz
Valuation - qadrlash
Wealth - boylik
Wealthy - boy
@grammar_ingliz
#grammar
🍂Predloglar -bu ozbek tilidagi komakchilarga togri keladi. Ularni yod oling.
about -haqida
above - tepada
across - orqali, ichidan
after -keyin
against - qarshi
among -o’rtasida
around - atrofida, taxminan
as - o’xshab
at - ostida, ichida
before - oldin
behind - orqada
below - pastda
beneath - ostida
beside - yonma-yon
between - o’rtasida
beyond - orqasida, narigi tomonida
but - lekin
by - yonida, -da, -dan tomonidan
despite - ga qaramay
down - past tomoniga
during - davomida, mobaynida
except - dan tashqari
for - uchun
from…- dan
in - ichida
inside - ichida
into - ichiga
near - yonida
next - yonida, atrofida
of…. - ning
on - Ustida, ichida
opposite - qarama-qarshi
out….- dan
outside - tashqarida
over - tepasida, o’stida
per - uchun
plus - qo’shuv
round - taxminan
since…- dan beri
than… - dan ko’ra
through - orasidan, orqali
till - gacha
to….- ga
toward…- ga
under- tagida, pastida
unlike…- ga o’xshamasdan
until - gacha
up…- ga, …da
with - bilan
with in - ichida
without… - siz
two words - ikta so’zlar
according to…- ga qaraganda
because of - sababida, tufayli
close to - yaqinda
except for - dan tashqari
far from - dan uzoq
inside of…. - Ichida
instead of…- dan ko’ra
near to….- ga yaqin
next to… -dan keyin
outside of… - dan tashqari
prior to….- Gacha
three words - uchta so’zlar
as far as… - gacha
as well as… - ga o’xshab
in addition to…- ga qo’shimcha
in front of… - qarshisida
in spite of…- dan ko’ra
on behalf of…- nomidan
on top of… - tepasida
@grammar_ingliz
🍂Predloglar -bu ozbek tilidagi komakchilarga togri keladi. Ularni yod oling.
about -haqida
above - tepada
across - orqali, ichidan
after -keyin
against - qarshi
among -o’rtasida
around - atrofida, taxminan
as - o’xshab
at - ostida, ichida
before - oldin
behind - orqada
below - pastda
beneath - ostida
beside - yonma-yon
between - o’rtasida
beyond - orqasida, narigi tomonida
but - lekin
by - yonida, -da, -dan tomonidan
despite - ga qaramay
down - past tomoniga
during - davomida, mobaynida
except - dan tashqari
for - uchun
from…- dan
in - ichida
inside - ichida
into - ichiga
near - yonida
next - yonida, atrofida
of…. - ning
on - Ustida, ichida
opposite - qarama-qarshi
out….- dan
outside - tashqarida
over - tepasida, o’stida
per - uchun
plus - qo’shuv
round - taxminan
since…- dan beri
than… - dan ko’ra
through - orasidan, orqali
till - gacha
to….- ga
toward…- ga
under- tagida, pastida
unlike…- ga o’xshamasdan
until - gacha
up…- ga, …da
with - bilan
with in - ichida
without… - siz
two words - ikta so’zlar
according to…- ga qaraganda
because of - sababida, tufayli
close to - yaqinda
except for - dan tashqari
far from - dan uzoq
inside of…. - Ichida
instead of…- dan ko’ra
near to….- ga yaqin
next to… -dan keyin
outside of… - dan tashqari
prior to….- Gacha
three words - uchta so’zlar
as far as… - gacha
as well as… - ga o’xshab
in addition to…- ga qo’shimcha
in front of… - qarshisida
in spite of…- dan ko’ra
on behalf of…- nomidan
on top of… - tepasida
@grammar_ingliz
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#LearnEnglishWithLucy #Video #LearnEnglishWithVideoEasily #British
📺 British English Slang (Advanced Pronunciation Practice) - Reductions & Contractions - Lucy
Overview: Learn all English slang reductions and contractions (like hafta, wanna, gotta, lemme, kinda, sorta, gonna, and outta) in this advanced pronunciation practice class.☝️
@grammar_ingliz
📺 British English Slang (Advanced Pronunciation Practice) - Reductions & Contractions - Lucy
Overview: Learn all English slang reductions and contractions (like hafta, wanna, gotta, lemme, kinda, sorta, gonna, and outta) in this advanced pronunciation practice class.☝️
@grammar_ingliz
#Vocabulary
Inglizcha so'zlarni o'qishni o'rganamiz
📋 Qarama-qarshi ma'noli so‘zlar
Sweet — shirin
Sour — nordon
Up — tepaga, yuqoriga
Down — pastga
Sit — o‘tirmoq
Stand — turmoq
Smooth — tekis, silliq
Rough — g‘adir-budur, dag‘al
Near — yaqin
Far — uzoq
On — ishlayotgan, harakatda
Off — ishlamayotgan, o‘chiq (chiroq, mashina va boshqa texnikalar)
Deep — chuqur, chuqur ildiz otgan
Shallow — sayoz
Thick — yo‘g‘on, qalin
Thin — yupqa
Cheap — arzon
Expensive — qimmat
Open — ochiq
Shut — yopiq
Never — hech qachon
Always — har doim
Normal — odatiy
Strange — noodatiy
Strong — kuchli
Weak — zaif
Loose — bo‘sh
Tight — bo‘sh emas, mustahkam
Easy — oson
Difficult — qiyin
Slow — sekin
Fast — tez
Delicious — yoqimli
Awful — yoqimsiz
Safe — xavfsiz
Dangerous — xavfli
Even — muntazam, o‘zgarmas
Odd — nomuntazam
Arrival — kelish
Departure — ketish
P.S. Pastda so‘zlarning o‘qilishi audio shaklda beriladi.
@grammar_ingliz
Inglizcha so'zlarni o'qishni o'rganamiz
📋 Qarama-qarshi ma'noli so‘zlar
Sweet — shirin
Sour — nordon
Up — tepaga, yuqoriga
Down — pastga
Sit — o‘tirmoq
Stand — turmoq
Smooth — tekis, silliq
Rough — g‘adir-budur, dag‘al
Near — yaqin
Far — uzoq
On — ishlayotgan, harakatda
Off — ishlamayotgan, o‘chiq (chiroq, mashina va boshqa texnikalar)
Deep — chuqur, chuqur ildiz otgan
Shallow — sayoz
Thick — yo‘g‘on, qalin
Thin — yupqa
Cheap — arzon
Expensive — qimmat
Open — ochiq
Shut — yopiq
Never — hech qachon
Always — har doim
Normal — odatiy
Strange — noodatiy
Strong — kuchli
Weak — zaif
Loose — bo‘sh
Tight — bo‘sh emas, mustahkam
Easy — oson
Difficult — qiyin
Slow — sekin
Fast — tez
Delicious — yoqimli
Awful — yoqimsiz
Safe — xavfsiz
Dangerous — xavfli
Even — muntazam, o‘zgarmas
Odd — nomuntazam
Arrival — kelish
Departure — ketish
P.S. Pastda so‘zlarning o‘qilishi audio shaklda beriladi.
@grammar_ingliz
💠Eng koʻp ishlatiladigan iboralar
Let's go. — qani ketdik
Me too. — men ham
My name is ... —mening ismim ....
Never mind. — qo'rqinchli emas
Next time. — keyingi safar
Nice to meet you. — tanishganimdan xursandman
No problem. — muammo yo'q
No, thank you. — yoʻq, rahmat
No way. — bo'lishi mumkin emas
Not yet. — hali emas
Nothing else. — Boshqa hech narsa
On the left. — chapga
On the right. — oʻngga
Over here. — bu erda
Over there. — ana u erda
Right here. — Mana shu yerda
Right there. — U erda
Rise and shine! — koʻtarilib va porlagan
See you later. — Ko'rishguncha
See you soon. — tezda koʻrishguncha
See you tomorrow. — Ertaga ko'rishguncha
Shut up! — Og'zingni yop
Sit down, please. — O'tiring marhamat
Stand back. — Orqaga turing
Start the car. — Avtomobilni boshlang
Step aside. —Bir chetga surib qo'ying
Take care. — oʻzingizni extiyot qiling
👉 @grammar_ingliz
Let's go. — qani ketdik
Me too. — men ham
My name is ... —mening ismim ....
Never mind. — qo'rqinchli emas
Next time. — keyingi safar
Nice to meet you. — tanishganimdan xursandman
No problem. — muammo yo'q
No, thank you. — yoʻq, rahmat
No way. — bo'lishi mumkin emas
Not yet. — hali emas
Nothing else. — Boshqa hech narsa
On the left. — chapga
On the right. — oʻngga
Over here. — bu erda
Over there. — ana u erda
Right here. — Mana shu yerda
Right there. — U erda
Rise and shine! — koʻtarilib va porlagan
See you later. — Ko'rishguncha
See you soon. — tezda koʻrishguncha
See you tomorrow. — Ertaga ko'rishguncha
Shut up! — Og'zingni yop
Sit down, please. — O'tiring marhamat
Stand back. — Orqaga turing
Start the car. — Avtomobilni boshlang
Step aside. —Bir chetga surib qo'ying
Take care. — oʻzingizni extiyot qiling
👉 @grammar_ingliz
What is the difference between who and whom in relative clauses???
Aniqlovchi ergash gapda who va whomning farqi nimada?
1) Who ko'pincha aniqlovchi ergash gapning egasi bo'lib keladi.
I know that man who is drinking Coke
Men ana u cola ichayotgan odamni bilaman.
2) Whom esa ergash gapda to'ldiruvchi vazifasida keladi
I know that man whom Jack is talking to.
Men Jek gaplashayotgan ana u odamni bilaman.
Qanday bilaman ega bo'lyaptimi yoki to'ldiruvchi degan savol paydo bo'lishi tabiiy. Bunda siz nisbiy olmosh ya'ni who yoki whom qo'ymoqchi bo'lgan joyingizdan keyingi so'zga qaraysiz, agar u yana boshqa bir ot bo'lsa demak sizda o'zi ega bor va to'ldiruvchi olmoshi kerak ya'ni whom. Agar fe'l bo'lsa unda sizda ergash gapingizga ega kerak ya'ni who.
Mustasno: bu qoida yozma nutq ya'ni writingda ustun turadi, og'zaki nutqda whomning o'rniga who ishlatilish holati juda ko'p uchraydi!
E'tiboringiz uchun rahmat!
@grammar_ingliz
Aniqlovchi ergash gapda who va whomning farqi nimada?
1) Who ko'pincha aniqlovchi ergash gapning egasi bo'lib keladi.
I know that man who is drinking Coke
Men ana u cola ichayotgan odamni bilaman.
2) Whom esa ergash gapda to'ldiruvchi vazifasida keladi
I know that man whom Jack is talking to.
Men Jek gaplashayotgan ana u odamni bilaman.
Qanday bilaman ega bo'lyaptimi yoki to'ldiruvchi degan savol paydo bo'lishi tabiiy. Bunda siz nisbiy olmosh ya'ni who yoki whom qo'ymoqchi bo'lgan joyingizdan keyingi so'zga qaraysiz, agar u yana boshqa bir ot bo'lsa demak sizda o'zi ega bor va to'ldiruvchi olmoshi kerak ya'ni whom. Agar fe'l bo'lsa unda sizda ergash gapingizga ega kerak ya'ni who.
Mustasno: bu qoida yozma nutq ya'ni writingda ustun turadi, og'zaki nutqda whomning o'rniga who ishlatilish holati juda ko'p uchraydi!
E'tiboringiz uchun rahmat!
@grammar_ingliz
#Vocabulary
📋Expressing of emotions - His-tuyg'ularni ifoda etish.
✏️Oh, my God!- Ey Hudoyim!
✏️What a good chance! - Qanaqa omad!
✏️I don't know what to say! - Bir nim deyishni ham bilmayman!,
✏️Oh, damn!- Jin ursin!
✏️Alas! - Afsus!
✏️Really? - Rostdanmi?
✏️What a pity! - Qanaday achinarli!
✏️I can't believe it! - Bo'lishi mumkin emas!; Bunga ishonolmayapman!
✏️I hope so. - O'ylaymanki, shunday.
✏️I feel ill (sad, disgusted). - O'zimni yomon his qilyapman (qamgin, jirkanch).
✏️I feel good. - O'zimni yaxshi his etyapman.
✏️Vice versa! (Just the opposite!) - Aksincha!
✏️Not a bit! (Nothing of the kind!) - Hechamda!
✏️That's nice (sound, all right, fine) (with me). - Hammasi joyida (yaxshi) (men bilan).
✏️No way! - Befoyda!; Foydasi yo'q!;
✏️With (great) pleasure! - (Bag'oyat) mamnuniyat ila!
✏️It is none of your business! - Bu sizga tegishli emas; Bu sizning ishingiz emas; Ishingiz bo'lmasin!
✏️That's too much! - Bu endi oshib tushdi!
✏️Wonderful! - Ajoyib! Qoyil! Zo'r!
✏️That's wonderful (superb, marvellous)! - Bu ajoyib (soz, mo'jaz)!
✏️My feelings were hurt.- Meni hissiyotlarim toptaldi.
✏️My hope is betrayed. - Mening umidim sindi!
✏️Absolutely! - So'zsiz!
✏️Exactly so! - Aynan shunday!
✏️Who knows! - Kim bilsin!
@grammar_ingliz
✅Join and share♻️
📋Expressing of emotions - His-tuyg'ularni ifoda etish.
✏️Oh, my God!- Ey Hudoyim!
✏️What a good chance! - Qanaqa omad!
✏️I don't know what to say! - Bir nim deyishni ham bilmayman!,
✏️Oh, damn!- Jin ursin!
✏️Alas! - Afsus!
✏️Really? - Rostdanmi?
✏️What a pity! - Qanaday achinarli!
✏️I can't believe it! - Bo'lishi mumkin emas!; Bunga ishonolmayapman!
✏️I hope so. - O'ylaymanki, shunday.
✏️I feel ill (sad, disgusted). - O'zimni yomon his qilyapman (qamgin, jirkanch).
✏️I feel good. - O'zimni yaxshi his etyapman.
✏️Vice versa! (Just the opposite!) - Aksincha!
✏️Not a bit! (Nothing of the kind!) - Hechamda!
✏️That's nice (sound, all right, fine) (with me). - Hammasi joyida (yaxshi) (men bilan).
✏️No way! - Befoyda!; Foydasi yo'q!;
✏️With (great) pleasure! - (Bag'oyat) mamnuniyat ila!
✏️It is none of your business! - Bu sizga tegishli emas; Bu sizning ishingiz emas; Ishingiz bo'lmasin!
✏️That's too much! - Bu endi oshib tushdi!
✏️Wonderful! - Ajoyib! Qoyil! Zo'r!
✏️That's wonderful (superb, marvellous)! - Bu ajoyib (soz, mo'jaz)!
✏️My feelings were hurt.- Meni hissiyotlarim toptaldi.
✏️My hope is betrayed. - Mening umidim sindi!
✏️Absolutely! - So'zsiz!
✏️Exactly so! - Aynan shunday!
✏️Who knows! - Kim bilsin!
@grammar_ingliz
✅Join and share♻️
👍1
#Vocabulary
⚽️ Are you interested in playing football? — Futbolni o'ynashga qiziqasizmi?
▫player — o’yinchi
▫goal keeper — darvozabon
▫defender — himoyachi
▫halfback — yarim himoyachi
▫forward — hujumchi
▫centre forward — markaziy hujumchi
▫left winger — chap qanot vingeri
▫right winger — o’ng qanot vingeri
▫playmaker — pleymeyker (ko’pincha 10-raqam egasi pozitsiyasi)
▫a player in the team — asosiy tarkib o’yinchisi
▫substitute — zahira o’yinchilari
▫to be on the bench — zahirada qolmoq
© @grammar_ingliz
⚽️ Are you interested in playing football? — Futbolni o'ynashga qiziqasizmi?
▫player — o’yinchi
▫goal keeper — darvozabon
▫defender — himoyachi
▫halfback — yarim himoyachi
▫forward — hujumchi
▫centre forward — markaziy hujumchi
▫left winger — chap qanot vingeri
▫right winger — o’ng qanot vingeri
▫playmaker — pleymeyker (ko’pincha 10-raqam egasi pozitsiyasi)
▫a player in the team — asosiy tarkib o’yinchisi
▫substitute — zahira o’yinchilari
▫to be on the bench — zahirada qolmoq
© @grammar_ingliz
🟢 Ingliz tili chatlari va suhbatlarda eng ko'p qo'llaniladigan qisqartmalar va ularning ma'nolari
🔘 2moro Tomorrow
🔘 2nte Tonight
🔘 AEAP As Early as Possible
🔘 ALAP As Late as Possible
🔘 ASAP As Soon as Possible
🔘 B3 Blah, Blah, Blah
🔘 B4YKI Before You Know it
🔘 BFF Best Friends, Forever
🔘 BM&Y Between Me and You
🔘 BRB Be right Back
🔘 BRT Be right There
🔘 BTAM Be that as it May
🔘 C-P Sleepy
🔘 CTN Cannot talk now
🔘 CUS See You Soon
🔘 CWOT Complete Waste of Time
🔘 CYT See You Tomorrow
🔘 E123 Easy as 1, 2, 3
🔘 EM? Excuse Me?
🔘 EOD End of Day
🔘 F2F Face to Face
🔘FC Fingers Crossed
🔘 FOAF Friend of a Friend
🔘 GR8 Great
🔘 HAK Hugs and Kisses
🔘 IDC I Don't Care
🔘 IDK I Don't Know
🔘 ILU / ILY I Love You
🔘 IMU I Miss You
🔘 IRL In Real Life
🔘 J/K Just Kidding
🔘 JC Just Checking
🔘 JTLYK Just to Let You Know
🔘 KFY Kiss for You
🔘 KMN Kill Me Now
🔘 KPC Keeping Parents Clueless
🔘 L8R Later
🔘 MoF Male or Female
🔘 MTFBWY May the Force be with You
🔘 MYOB Mind Your Own Business
🔘 N-A-Y-L In a While
🔘 NAZ Name, Address, ZIP
🔘 NC No Comment
🔘 NIMBY Not in my Backyard
🔘 NM Never Mind / Nothing Much
🔘 NP No Problem
🔘 NSFW Not Safe for Work
🔘 NTIM Not that it Matters
🔘 NVM Never Mind
@grammar_ingliz
🔘 2moro Tomorrow
🔘 2nte Tonight
🔘 AEAP As Early as Possible
🔘 ALAP As Late as Possible
🔘 ASAP As Soon as Possible
🔘 B3 Blah, Blah, Blah
🔘 B4YKI Before You Know it
🔘 BFF Best Friends, Forever
🔘 BM&Y Between Me and You
🔘 BRB Be right Back
🔘 BRT Be right There
🔘 BTAM Be that as it May
🔘 C-P Sleepy
🔘 CTN Cannot talk now
🔘 CUS See You Soon
🔘 CWOT Complete Waste of Time
🔘 CYT See You Tomorrow
🔘 E123 Easy as 1, 2, 3
🔘 EM? Excuse Me?
🔘 EOD End of Day
🔘 F2F Face to Face
🔘FC Fingers Crossed
🔘 FOAF Friend of a Friend
🔘 GR8 Great
🔘 HAK Hugs and Kisses
🔘 IDC I Don't Care
🔘 IDK I Don't Know
🔘 ILU / ILY I Love You
🔘 IMU I Miss You
🔘 IRL In Real Life
🔘 J/K Just Kidding
🔘 JC Just Checking
🔘 JTLYK Just to Let You Know
🔘 KFY Kiss for You
🔘 KMN Kill Me Now
🔘 KPC Keeping Parents Clueless
🔘 L8R Later
🔘 MoF Male or Female
🔘 MTFBWY May the Force be with You
🔘 MYOB Mind Your Own Business
🔘 N-A-Y-L In a While
🔘 NAZ Name, Address, ZIP
🔘 NC No Comment
🔘 NIMBY Not in my Backyard
🔘 NM Never Mind / Nothing Much
🔘 NP No Problem
🔘 NSFW Not Safe for Work
🔘 NTIM Not that it Matters
🔘 NVM Never Mind
@grammar_ingliz