TO OR ING?
Xabaringiz borki o’zidan keyin TO infinitiv va ING gerund keladigan maxsus fe’llar mavjud. Ammo ularning ba’zilaridan keyin TO ham ING ham kelishi mumkin. Shunday fe’llarning ba’zilarini ko’rib chiqamiz va qaysi holatda TO, qaysi holatda ING ishlatilishini o’rganamiz.
🔹REMEMBER + TO yoki + ING
Remember fe’lidan keyin infinitiv yoki gerund ishlatilishida «remember» («eslamoq») ish-harakatining qaysi vaqtda sodir etilayotganligiga e’tibor berishingiz kerak.
Agar biror ish-harakatni bajarishdan OLDIN «eslash» bo’lsa, remember fe’lidan keyin TO infinitiv ishlatiladi. Masalan: Tom remembered to lock the car before he went into the building – Tom binoga kirishidan oldin mashinasini qulflashni esida saqladi. (eslash mashinani qulflashdan oldin amalga oshirilayapti, shuning uchun fe’ldan keyin TO infinitiv ishlatilgan).
Bordi-yu eslash biror ish-harakatni bajarib bo’lgandan KEYIN amalga oshirilsa, bu holatda remember fe’lidan keyin ING gerund ishlatiladi. Masalan: Tom was inside the building and he clearly remembered locking the car. – Tom bino ichida edi va u mashinani qulflaganligini aniq eslay olardi.
🔹TRY + TO yoki + ING
Try («harakat qilmoq, urinmoq») fe’lidan keyin ham yoki infinitiv yoki gerund ishlatilishi mumkin. Bunda «harakat qilmoq, urinmoq» fe’lining bajarilishidagi munosabatga e’tibor beramiz.
Agar ish-harakatni bajaruvchi nimadir qilishga qattiq harakat qilsa, bor kuchini sarflab urinsa, try fe’lidan keyin TO infinitiv ishlatiladi. Masalan: Tom tried to come to our party but he was too busy working in his office. – Tom bazmimizga kelishga harakat qildi ammo u idorasidagi ishib bilan juda band edi. Tom kelishga qattiq kirishib harakat qilgan, ammo band bo’lganligi uchun uddalay olmagan.
Kimdir nimanidir bajarishga shunchaki urinib ko’rsa, qattiq harakat qilmasdan shunchaki nimanidir bajarishni sinab ko’rsa, try fe’lidan keyin ING gerund ishlatiladi. Masalan: Tom tried drinking some juice to see if he liked it. – Tom sinab ko’rish uchun sharbatdan bir oz ta’tib ko’rdi. Tom bu ishni shunchaki sinov uchun, hech qanday qattiq kirishish yoki harakat qilishsiz amalga oshirdi.
🔹LIKE + TO yoki + ING
Yoqtirish fe’lidan keyin infinitiv yoki gerund ishlatilishida ham so’zlovchining ish-harakatga nisbatan munosabatiga e’tibor qaratamiz.
Agar so’zlovchi «yoqtiraman» degan so’zi orqali «rohatlanaman», «bu ishni bajarishdan ma’naviy zavq olaman» degan ma’noni anglatayotgan bo’lsa, demak LIKE fe’lidan keyin ING gerund ishlatiladi. Masalan: I like listening to music. – Men musiqa tinglashni yoqtiraman. Men musiqa tinglaganimda rohatlanaman, zavqlanaman, degan ma’no keltirib chiqariladi.
Agar kimdir «yoqtiraman» deyish orqali «bu ishni bajarish to’g’ri hisoblanganligi uchun yoqtiraman», «shu ishni qilish hammaning nazdida to’g’ri bo’lganligi uchun yoqtiraman», degan ma’no anglatilsa LIKE fe’lidan keyin TO infinitiv ishlatiladi. Masalan: I like to clean my shoes before I go out every morning. – Har ertalab tashqariga chiqishdan oldin men oyoq kiyimlarimni tozalashni yoqtiraman. Bunda so’zlovchi oyoq kiyimlarini tozalashdan rohatlanmaydi, zavqlanmaydi. Shunchaki, toza oyoq kiyimlarda yurish odobli, yaxshi, deb hisoblaydi. Shuning uchun ham bu ishning to’g’ri ish, deb hisoblaganligi sababli u har ertalab oyoq kiyimlarini tozalashni yoqtiradi.
Yuqorida faqat uchta fe’lni ko’rib chiqdik. Bulardan tashqari yana boshqa fe’llar ham o’zidan keyin TO yoki ING olishi mumkin. Ularni farqlash uchun ko’proq REMEMBER fe’li bilan ko’rib o’tgan holatimizga e’tibor berishingiz kerak. Ya’ni, o’sha ish-harakat bajarilishidan oldin bo’layaptimi, yoki fe’l ish-harakat bajarilishidan keyingi holatni ifodalayaptimi. Barchasi emas, ammo ko’pchilik fe’llar o’zidan keyin TO yoki INGni aynan shu qoida asosida oladi.

🇬🇧 @grammar_ingliz

​​​​​​➡️

💡"Son". "Sanoq sonlar."

📌Ingliz tilida ham sonlar ikki turga bo'linadi, sanoq (cardinal) va tartib (ordinal) sonlar.

🔎Sanoq sonlar - Cardinal numbers

📌1 dan 12 gacha bo‘lgan sanoq sonlar:

🔹️1 – one
🔹️2 – two
🔹️3 – three
🔹️4 – four
🔹️5 – five
🔹️6 – six
🔹️7 – seven
🔹️8 – eight
🔹️9 – nine
🔹️10 – ten
🔹️11 – eleven
🔹️12 – twelve

📌13 dan 19 gacha bo‘lgan sanoq sonlar 3 dan 9 gacha bo‘lgan sonlarga -teen qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali yasaladi va bu qo‘shimcha ham urg‘u bilan talaffuz qilinadi:

🔹️13 – thirteen
🔹️14 – fourteen
🔹️15 – fifteen
🔹️16 – sixteen
🔹️17 – seventeen
🔹️18 – eighteen
🔹️19 – nineteen

📌20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 kabi o‘nliklarni yasash uchun 2 dan 9 gacha bo‘lgan sonlarga -ty qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali yasaladi:

🔹️20 – twenty
🔹️30 – thirty
🔹️40 – forty
🔹️50 – fifty
🔹️60 – sixty
🔹️70 – seventy
🔹️80 – eighty
🔹️90 – ninety

📌100 va undan keyingi yaxlit sonlar quyidagilar:

🔹️100 – hundred
🔹️1000 – thousand
🔹️1000000 – million
🔹️milliard – billion

📌100 dan katta murakkab sonlar quyidagi tartibda yasaladi:

🔹️104 – one hundred (and) four
🔹️392 – three hundred (and) ninety two
🔹️1025 – a thousand (and) twenty five
🔹️2235 – two thousand (and) two hundred and thirty five
🔹️100.736 – a hundred thousand and seven hundred thirty six
🔹️5.219.348 – five million (and) two hundred nineteen thousand (and) three hundred fourty eight

©Source

🇬🇧 @grammar_ingliz

Feelings and emotions - his tuyg'ular va emotsiyalar

Happy - xursand
Afraid - qo'rqqan
Sad - xafa
Hot - qizg'in
Bored - zerikkan
Suspicious - shubhali
Surprised - hayratlangan
Loving - sevimli
Jealous - rashkchi
Miserable - g'amgin
Angry - jahldor
Confused - chalkashgan

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@grammar_ingliz

Hobbies

Target shooting - miltiqdan nishonga otmoq
Archery - kamonda o'q uzish
Hiking - uzoq masofaga sayr
Bacpacking - ryukzakda sayr qilish
Gardening - bog'dorchilik
Metal detecting - metallarni qidirish
Ballroom dancing - ball raqsi
Photography - rasmchilik
Video games - video o'yinlar
Blogging - bloggerlik qilish
DJing - DJ lik qilish
Stamp collecting - marka yig'ish
Coin collecting - tanga yig'ish
Reading - o'qish
Cooking - pishirish
Yoga - yoga
Astrology - astrologiya
Magic tricks - sehrli fokuslar
Chess - shaxmat
Sudoku - sudoku
Car restoration - mashinalarni qayta ishlash
Drawing - chizish
Sculpting - haykaltaroshlik
Embroidery - kashta tikish
Wood carving - yog'och o'ymakorligi
Knitting - to'qish
Graffiti - devordagi yozuv yoki rasmlar
Making wine - vino tayyorlash
Modelling - modellik
Candle making - sham tayyorlash

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@grammar_ingliz

Muloqot uchun yangi iboralar to'plami

☎️ ️Phone talk - Telefonda soʻzlashuv
📌 @grammar_ingliz

🔘1. Do you follow me? - Siz meni eshityapsizmi?

🔘2. Are you with me? - Meni eshityapsizmi (chalgʻimadingizmi?)

🔘3. Do you want to leave a message? - Xabar qoldirmoqchimisiz?

🔘4. Can I take a message? - Nima deb qoʻyay?

🔘5. Iʻll call you right back - Men sizga hozir qayta qoʻngʻiroq qilib yuboraman

🔘6. Thereʻs a telephone call for you - Sizni telefonga soʻrashyapti

🔘7. Donʻt talk so fast - Bunaqa tez gapirmang

🔘8. May I use your telephone? - Telefoningizdan qoʻngʻiroq qilib olsam boʻladimi?

🔘9. Please, dial again - Iltimos, raqamni qayta terib yuboring

🔘10. Can you speak a bit louder? I canʻt hear you - Qattiqroq gapira olasizmi? Men sizni eshitmayapman

🔘11. Iʻll get it - Men go'shakni olaman

🔘12. You have the wrong number - Raqamda adashdingiz (Boshqa joyga tushdingiz)

🔘13. What number are you calling? - Siz qaysi raqamga qoʻngʻiroq qilayapsiz?

🔘14. What number did you dial? - Qaysi nomerni teryapsiz?

🔘15. Whatʻs your extension? - Qoʻshimcha nomeringiz qaysi?

🔘16. Please pick up the receiver - Iltimos, go'shakni oling

🔘17. Iʻm calling from a pay phone - Men avtomatdan qoʻngʻiroq qilyapman

🔘18. They hung up - Kimdir trubkani qoʻyib qoʻydi

🔘19. The telephone is out of order - Telefon ishlamayapti

🔘20. My number is... - Mening raqamim...

🔘21. Iʻm returning your phone call - Meni sizning qoʻngʻirogʻingizga javoban telefon qilyapman

🔘22. Please call back later - Iltimos, keyinroq qaytarib telefon qilib yuboring

🔘23. Youʻve got the wrong number - Siz boshqa joyga tushdingiz

@grammar_ingliz

Wild animals - yovvoyi hayvonlar

Kangaroo - kenguru
Monkey - maymun
Snake - ilon
Zebra - zebra
Panda - panda
Cheetah - qoplon
Bull - buqa
Elephant - fil
Lion - sher
Antelope - antilopa
Gorilla - gorilla
Giraffe - jirafa
Tiger - yo'lbars
Polar bear - oq ayiq, qutb ayig'i
Ostrich - tuyaqush
Vulture - tasqara (qush)
Squirrel - olmaxon
Otter - suvsar
Jackal - shoqol, chiyabo'ri
Kangaroo - kenguru
Hippopotamus - begemot
Bison - bizon
Wombat - vombat
Rhinoceros - karkidon
Bear - ayiq

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@grammar_ingliz

Bedtime

Bed - krovat
Bedroom - yotoqxona
Duvet - yopinchiq
Blanket - adyol
Sheet - choyshab
Pillow - yostiq
Pyjamas - pijama
Nightshirt - yotoq kiyimi
Slippers - oyoq kiyim
Bedside light - lampa
Bedaide table - yotoq oldidagi stol
Bed cover - yotoq to'shamasi

Phrases

Have a nightcap - uyqudan oldin ichmoq
Snuggle up - yonma-yon yotmoq
Tuck someone in - bolalarni uyqudan oldin qulay qilib yotqizmoq
Sleepwalk - uyqisirab yurmoq
Sleep talk - utqusida gapirmoq
Have a sleepless night - uyqusiz tun
Insomnia - uyqusizlik

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@grammar_ingliz

💼 Imperatives - Buyruq gaplar:

🔲 Buyruq gap biror bir shaxsga nisbatan buyruq ma'nosida aytiladigan gaplar.

🔰Write! ( yoz)
🔰Clean ! ( tozalab oling)

🔲 Buyruq gapda biror bir ish xarakatni bajarishini so'rasak egani tashlab fe'l bilan gapni boshlaymiz. Ba'zan faqat bitta fe'lning o'zidan ham buyruq gap yasaladi.

🔰Do it ! ( uni bajaring)
🔰Read! ( o'qing)
🔰Look at me! ( menga qarang)
🔰Listen to me! ( meni eshiting)
🔰Be quiet ! ( jim bo'ling)

🔲 Biror xarakatni bajarishini taqiqlasak biz " Do not " yoki uning qisqartma shakli "Don't" dan foydalanamiz.

🔰Don't read book! ( kitobni o'qimang)
🔰Don't write ! ( yozmang)
🔰Don't look ! ( qaramang)

🔲 Shu orqali buyruq gaplar yasaladi. Buyruq gaplar faqat buyruq ma'nosida emas Iltimos ma'nosida ham kelishi mumkin.

🔰Open the window. Please! (Derazani oching. Iltimos).

🔲 Biz "Let's" dan taklif kiritish uchun foydalanamiz. O'zbek tiliga "Kel,..." deb tarjima qilinadi.

🔰Let's do our homework. ( Kel uyga vazifani bajaramiz )

👉 @grammar_ingliz

#farqi_nimada

➕ Drive va ride:

➖ to drive - fe'l, mashina haydamoq, mashina minmoq
➖ to make a car, truck, bus etc. move along

➖ I am planning to drive to London next year.
➖ Men kelasi yil Londonga mashinada bormoqchiman.

➖ to ride - fe'l, velosiped yoki motosikl haydamoq, ot minmoq
➖ to sit on an animal, especially a horse, and make it move along
➖ to travel on a bicycle or motorbike

➖ He had never learned to ride a bicycle.
➖ U hech qachon velosiped haydashni o'rganmagan.

👉 @grammar_ingliz

📮 Xarakterni ifodalovchi so'zlar:

🔻 decent — odobli
🔻 indecent — beadab
🔻 honest — to‘g‘riso‘z
🔻 fair — to‘g‘riso‘z, adolatli
🔻 sincere — samimiy
🔻 dishonest — g‘irrom, noinsof
🔻 innocent — aybsiz, begunoh
🔻 guilty — aybdor
🔻 criminal — jinoyatchi
🔻 kind — mehribon
🔻 hostile — adovatli
🔻 gentle — yuvosh, beozor
🔻 polite — odobli
🔻 rude — qo‘pol
🔻 generous — saxiy
🔻 close-fisted — qizg‘anchiq
🔻 talkative — gapdon
🔻 sociable — kirishimli, dilkash
🔻 reserved — vazmin
🔻 docile — itoatli
🔻 disobedient — itoatsiz
🔻 strict — talabchan
🔻 mild — yumshoq, muloyim
🔻 reliable — ishonchli
🔻 changeable — o‘zgaruvchan
🔻 brave — mard, jasur
🔻 courageous — mard
🔻 coward — qo‘rqoq
🔻 timid — jur'atsiz, tortinchoq
🔻 reasonable — ongli, idrokli
🔻 prudent — mulohazali
🔻 light-minded — yengiltak
🔻 cautious — ehtiyotkor
🔻 incautious — beparvo

@grammar_ingliz

✅Vocabulary time

Relationship

🔸 get on with somebody - have a good relationship(kim bilandir yaxshi aloqa-munosabat)

🔸 look up to somebody - respect somebody(kimnidur hurmat qilish)

🔸 be in touch with somebody - be in communication with somebody(kim bilandir aloqada bo'lish)

🔸 fall out with somebody - argue and stop being friendly with somebody(kim bilandir do'stona munosabatni to'xtatish)

🔸 grow apart from somebody - gradually have a less close relationship with somebody(kim bilandir asta sekin yaqin munosabat bo'lish)

🔸 take after somebody - resemble somebody in your family [in appearance or personality] (oiladi kimgadur o'xshash ko'rinish yoki harakter)

🔸 grow up together/with somebody - have many childhood and adolescent experiences in common with somebody(yoshlikdan birga o'sish)

🔸 be close to somebody - know somebody well and see or talk to them often(kimgadur yaqin munosabatda bo'lish.

#vocabulary
🇺🇿 @grammar_ingliz

✅The list of useful words for IELTS /CEFR
♦️Take away = olib ketmoq
♦️Dress up = kiymoq
♦️Bring up = ostrimoq
♦️Build up = miqdorini oshirib borish
♦️Burn up = olov bilan buzib tashlamoq
♦️Catch up = ushlab olmoq
♦️Check up = malumotga ega bolmoq
♦️Eat up = hamma ovqatni yeb qoymoq

▪️A choir of singers = musiqachilar hori
▪️A crew of sailors = dengizchilar komandasi
▪️A gang of thieves = ogrilar jamoasi
▪️A staff of employees = ishchilar shtati
▪️A tribe of natives = mahalliy qabila
▪️A flock of tourists = turistlar to`dasi

👉 @grammar_ingliz

✅Useful

💠 VERY

❎ Biz ''very'' ya'ni juda deb tarjima qilinuvchi va miqdor yoki hislarni oshirib yuboruvchi ravishni o'zida shundoq ham juda degan ma'noni olib yuruvchi so'zlar bilan ishlatmaymiz.

Example:

🔸delicious - juda mazzali
🔸enormous - juda katta
🔸lovely - juda yoqimli
🔸great - juda yaxshi

❌ Wrong: Uzbek food is very delicious
✅ Right: Uzbek food is delicious

#grammar
👉 @grammar_ingliz

👨‍🔬🧑‍🔧👨‍💼Idioms with people's name

👨‍🎓to go Dutch- o'rtadan xarajat qilmoq
👨🏼‍🚀Jack of all trades-hamma narsani qila oladigan inson
👨‍🔬to keep us with Joneses-bir xil narsani xohlash
🧑‍🎨a man of friday- juda ko'p ishlovchi inson
🧑‍🔧a woman of friday- juda ko'p ishlovchi ayol
👨‍🔬 a man of means- boy erkak
👩‍⚖️ a woman of means-boy ayol

@grammar_ingliz