There are actually 12 common tenses in English:

PRESENT TENSE.

1. Simple Present.

• Form: Base form of the verb (for all persons except 3rd person singular) + -s/es (for 3rd person singular)

• Examples:
* I walk to school every day.
* She plays the piano.
* They eat breakfast at 7 AM.

2. Present Continuous.

• Form: am/is/are + verb + -ing

• Examples:
* I am working on a project right now.
* She is reading a book.
* They are playing basketball in the park.

3. Present Perfect

• Form: have/has + past participle

• Examples:
* I have walked to school many times.
* She has played the piano since she was a child.
* They have eaten breakfast already.

4. Present Perfect Continuous.

• Form: have/has + been + verb + -ing

• Examples:
* I have been working on this project all day.
* She has been reading this book for a week.
* They have been playing basketball for an hour.

PAST TENSE:

1. Simple Past

• Form: verb + -ed (regular verbs) or irregular past form

• Examples:
* I walked to school yesterday.
* She played the piano last night.
* They ate breakfast at 8 AM this morning.

2. Past Continuous.

• Form: was/were + verb + -ing

• Examples:
* I was working on a project yesterday.
* She was reading a book last night.
* They were playing basketball in the park yesterday afternoon.

3. Past Perfect

• Form: had + past participle

• Examples:
* I had walked to school before it started raining.
* She had played the piano before the concert began.
* They had eaten breakfast by the time I arrived.

4. Past Perfect Continuous.

• Form: had + been + verb + -ing

• Examples:
* I had been working on this project for hours before I took a break.
* She had been reading the book for days before she finished it.
* They had been playing basketball all afternoon before they went home.

FUTURE TENSE:

1. Future Simple

• Form: will + base form of the verb

• Examples:
* I will walk to school tomorrow.
* She will play the piano at the concert.
* They will eat breakfast at 7 AM tomorrow.

2. Future Continuous.

• Form: will be + verb + -ing

• Examples:
* I will be working on a project tomorrow.
* She will be reading a book tomorrow afternoon.
* They will be playing basketball tomorrow evening.

3. Future Perfect.

• Form: will have + past participle

• Examples:
* I will have walked to school ten times by next week.
* She will have played the piano for twenty years by then.
* They will have eaten breakfast before we leave.

4. Future Perfect Continuous.

• Form: will have been + verb + -ing

• Examples:
* I will have been working on this project for two months by next week.
* She will have been reading this book for a year by then.
* They will have been playing basketball for hours by the time we arrive.

Here are the 8 main parts of speech in English grammar:

1. Nouns: Words that name people, places, things, or ideas.
Examples: cat, house, love, John, London*

2. Pronouns: Words that replace nouns to avoid repetition.
Examples: I, you, he, she, it, they, we, this, that*

3. Verbs: Words that describe actions or states of being.
Examples: run, eat, sleep, be, have, seem*

4. Adjectives: Words that modify nouns or pronouns, describing their qualities.
Examples: big, red, happy, beautiful, old*

5. Adverbs: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing more detail.
Examples: quickly, slowly, very, really, happily*

6. Prepositions: Words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.
Examples: on, in, at, to, from, by, with*

7. Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses.
Examples: and, but, or, so, because, although*

8. Interjections: Words that express strong emotions or sudden feelings.
Examples: Ouch! Wow! Hey! Oh no!*