In 2022 atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases reached new observed highs with globally averaged concentrations for carbon dioxide (CO2) at 417.9 ± 0.2 parts per million (ppm), methane (CH4) at 1923 ± 2 parts per billion (ppb) and nitrous oxide (N2O) at 335.8 ± 0.1 ppb, respectively 150%, 264% and 124% of pre-industrial (1750) levels.

The global mean near-surface temperature in 2023 was 1.45 ± 0.12 °C above the 1850–1900 average. 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year observational record, clearly surpassing the previous joint warmest years, 2016 at 1.29 ± 0.12 °C above the 1850–1900 average and 2020 at 1.27±0.13 °C.
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The past nine years, 2015–2023, were the nine warmest years on record.

In 2023, ocean heat content reached its highest level in the 65-year observational record.

The rate of global mean sea level rise in the past ten years (2014–2023) is more than twice the rate of sea level rise in the first decade of the satellite record (1993–2002).

Antarctic sea-ice extent reached an absolute record low for the satellite era (1979 to present) in February.

Ice extent was at a record low for the time of year from June till early November, and the annual maximum in September was around 1 million km2 below the previous record low maximum.

It was the warmest summer on record at the Summit station, 3.4 °C warmer than the 1991–2020 average and 1.0 °C warmer than the previous record.

Satellite melt-extent data indicate that the ice sheet had the third highest cumulative melt-day area43 on record (1978–2023), after the extreme melt season of 2012 and 2010.

Preliminary data indicate the annual mass balance of a global set of reference glaciers for the hydrological year 2022-2023 was –1.2 m w.e. This is nominally the largest loss of ice on record (1950-2023), driven by extremely negative mass balance in both western North America and Europe.

Conclusion? It's time to change!
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Oil, oil and again oil! it's only about oil!

Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of oil, according to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) [21]. As of 2018, Saudi Arabia was the leading supplier of crude oil worldwide, with an export value of over USD 183 billion [22], producing 12.3 million barrels per day (bbl/d) since 2018.

It has the largest oil reserves in the Middle East. At 297.5 billion barrels, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia makes up 17.2% of global reserves in 2020.

This puts in second place amongst the countries with the largest proven global oil reserves – right after Venezuela

Main global competitors: Russia and Venezuela

Tough the Saudi oil production in 2022 was less than that in previous years, the revenues were much greater because of the high oil prices.

In 2022 the demand for Saudi and Emirati oil increased dramatically as they could provide an alternative to Russian supplies in both Europe and Asia.

In 2011, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates were amongst the ten countries with the worst air pollution in the world.

Worldwide, the average waste generated is 0.74 kg per capita per day (kg/ca/d) but it ranges widely, from 0.11 to 4.54 kg/ca/d.

In 2017, the United Arab Emirates recorded the highest waste rate per capita per day at 2.1 kg, followed by Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Bahrain at 1.7 kg/ca/d for each, Kuwait and Oman at 1.5 and 1.2 kg/ca/d.
https://t.me/FoodWasteTelegram/17

In 2020, the largest emitters of CO2 were China, the USA, India, Russia, and Japan.
https://t.me/PollutionFacts/1339

Qatar: Despite its small area, Qatar has large reserves of oil (25.2 billion barrels).

Accordingly, being one of the largest producers and exporters of oil and natural gas, as well as having the highest rates of per capita GHG emissions, there is no doubt that Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates must share the responsibility with the rest of the world to combat the climate change impacts!