are generally quiet people who are more interested in their own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people.
Alice
Yes, you'd think that most comedians would be extroverts – people who are lively and enjoy the company of others. OK I think it's time for the answer to our quiz question, Neil. I asked: Which Greek word means the study of laughter and its effects on the body? Is it…
a) risology?
b) gelotology?
or c) comology?
Neil
Yes. I said c) comology, which I think I'm beginning to regret now.
Alice
Yes, well, indeed. Sorry, I'm afraid that's the wrong answer. It's actually b) gelotology – which comes from the Greek word, gelos, meaning laughter.
Neil
OK. You can stop sniggering now, Alice and just tell us today's words once again?
Alice
Alright then. Here they are:
get something (e.g. a joke)
gag
stand-up comedy
narcissistic
aspiring
unique
perseverance
outwork
introverts
extroverts
Neil
Well, that just about brings us to the end of today's 6 Minute English.
Alice
See you next time.
Both
Bye.
Alice
Yes, you'd think that most comedians would be extroverts – people who are lively and enjoy the company of others. OK I think it's time for the answer to our quiz question, Neil. I asked: Which Greek word means the study of laughter and its effects on the body? Is it…
a) risology?
b) gelotology?
or c) comology?
Neil
Yes. I said c) comology, which I think I'm beginning to regret now.
Alice
Yes, well, indeed. Sorry, I'm afraid that's the wrong answer. It's actually b) gelotology – which comes from the Greek word, gelos, meaning laughter.
Neil
OK. You can stop sniggering now, Alice and just tell us today's words once again?
Alice
Alright then. Here they are:
get something (e.g. a joke)
gag
stand-up comedy
narcissistic
aspiring
unique
perseverance
outwork
introverts
extroverts
Neil
Well, that just about brings us to the end of today's 6 Minute English.
Alice
See you next time.
Both
Bye.
Ordinal numbers
What's the date today? And do you know how to say it? Find out about ordinal numbers and have a go at the quiz in 6 Minute Vocabulary.
What's the date today? And do you know how to say it? Find out about ordinal numbers and have a go at the quiz in 6 Minute Vocabulary.
Summary - meaning and use
Ordinal numbers tell us the position of something in a group. They are used for:
1. Dates
It's the twelfth of November
2. The order of events
Her fiftieth birthday
3. Position in space
Our apartment's on the first floor
It's the third on the right
4. Order of quality
The first prize in the competition
Spelling and form
We usually form ordinal numbers by adding -th to cardinal numbers:
four - fourth
first, second and third are irregular forms
fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth and numbers ending in -y have irregular spellings: twentieth
We say dates with the and of:
the eighth of April
April the eighth
But we don't write them like that. We write them as:
8th April
April 8th
8 April
First, second and third have the irregular suffixes 1st, 2nd and 3rd
We usually use the definite article the with ordinal numbers:
on the third day
It was the first time I've ever been to France
But sometimes we use possessives:
my thirtieth birthday
Julia's second child
Ordinal numbers are also used as adjectives and adverbs without the or a possessive adjective.
Ordinal numbers tell us the position of something in a group. They are used for:
1. Dates
It's the twelfth of November
2. The order of events
Her fiftieth birthday
3. Position in space
Our apartment's on the first floor
It's the third on the right
4. Order of quality
The first prize in the competition
Spelling and form
We usually form ordinal numbers by adding -th to cardinal numbers:
four - fourth
first, second and third are irregular forms
fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth and numbers ending in -y have irregular spellings: twentieth
We say dates with the and of:
the eighth of April
April the eighth
But we don't write them like that. We write them as:
8th April
April 8th
8 April
First, second and third have the irregular suffixes 1st, 2nd and 3rd
We usually use the definite article the with ordinal numbers:
on the third day
It was the first time I've ever been to France
But sometimes we use possessives:
my thirtieth birthday
Julia's second child
Ordinal numbers are also used as adjectives and adverbs without the or a possessive adjective.
Catherine
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary with me, Catherine.
Neil
And me, Neil. And today we're talking about ordinal numbers.
Catherine
Yes. So numbers like first, second and third. So let's start by listening to Laurence. He's talking about his 18th birthday party. While you listen, try to answer this question: What date was his party? Here's Laurence.
INSERT
Laurence
For my 18th birthday last year, I invited about sixty friends and relatives! It was on the twenty-fifth of May and it was the first time that I've ever had a big party. It was in a restaurant on the third floor of a hotel. The food was really delicious and I won second prize in the dancing competition!
Neil
So we asked you: What date was Laurence's birthday party?
Catherine
And the answer is: the twenty-fifth of May.
Neil
That's right. Now the twenty-fifth is an ordinal number like the first and the second. Ordinal numbers tell us the position of something in a group - the dates in a month, for example.
Catherine
Or which birthday it is. Laurence said it was his eighteenth birthday.
Neil
Yes, he did. Lucky him! And ordinal numbers are different to cardinal numbers. We use cardinal numbers like one, two, three for counting and to answer the question how many.
Catherine
And to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number, add the letters t-h to the end of the cardinal number. Eighteen - eighteenth; sixty - sixtieth.
Neil
And that works for all the cardinal numbers except for first, second and third – they're irregular, but for all the others, it's add t-h, so that's fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh…
Catherine
Eighth, ninth, tenth. So that's good but in writing we do have a couple of irregular spellings, such as fifth:
Neil
f-i-f-t-h
Catherine
eighth
Neil
e-i-g-h-t-h
Catherine
ninth
Neil
n-i-n-t-h
Catherine
twelfth
Neil
t-w-e-l-f-t-h
Catherine
And for numbers ending in -y like sixty, drop the -y and add -i-e and -t-h to make sixtieth:
Neil
s-i-x-t-i-e-t-h
Catherine
Now let's look more closely at dates. Listen for the date in this clip.
INSERT CLIP 1
It was on the twenty-fifth of May and it was the first time that I've ever had a big party.
Neil
The twenty-fifth of May. When we say the day before the month, we always use the words the and of: the twenty-fifth of May.
Catherine
But when we say the month before the day, we don't use the word of. It's just May the twenty-fifth.
Neil
We often use the word the with ordinal numbers, but we can also use possessives. In this next clip, Laurence uses the possessive adjective my before eighteenth.
INSERT 1 CLIP 2
For my 18th birthday last year, I invited about sixty friends and relatives!
Catherine
Let's have another clip.
INSERT 1 CLIP 3
It was in a restaurant on the third floor of a hotel. The food was really delicious and I won second prize in the dancing competition!
Neil
So, now we have two more ways of using ordinal numbers: space and quality.
Catherine
Yes, we do. And the third floor tells us about the position of the floors in space. It's the same as when we give directions, for example: Take the second left after the traffic lights.
Neil
And second prize tells us about the quality. And a point to make here is that ordinal numbers can be used as adjectives and adverbs without the. Like in the phrase he won second prize. Second is an adjective.
IDENT
6 Minute Vocabulary from BBC Learning English.
Neil
And now it's quiz time! Number one: Which of these is correct? The party's on: a) thirtieth of July b) the thirtieth July c) the thirtieth of July.
Catherine
And it's c) the thirtieth of July.
Neil
Great! Now, number two. Which word in this list is wrong? First, second, third, ford, fifth.
Catherine
The answer's ford. It should be fourth.
Neil
Yes, it should! Number three: Which of these is correct? a) My twenty-first birthday b) My the twenty-first birthday c) The my twenty-first birthday.
Catherine
The answer's a) My twenty-first birthday.
Neil
Well done if you got them right. But before we go, here's a vocabulary tip. Try saying your own important and memorabl
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary with me, Catherine.
Neil
And me, Neil. And today we're talking about ordinal numbers.
Catherine
Yes. So numbers like first, second and third. So let's start by listening to Laurence. He's talking about his 18th birthday party. While you listen, try to answer this question: What date was his party? Here's Laurence.
INSERT
Laurence
For my 18th birthday last year, I invited about sixty friends and relatives! It was on the twenty-fifth of May and it was the first time that I've ever had a big party. It was in a restaurant on the third floor of a hotel. The food was really delicious and I won second prize in the dancing competition!
Neil
So we asked you: What date was Laurence's birthday party?
Catherine
And the answer is: the twenty-fifth of May.
Neil
That's right. Now the twenty-fifth is an ordinal number like the first and the second. Ordinal numbers tell us the position of something in a group - the dates in a month, for example.
Catherine
Or which birthday it is. Laurence said it was his eighteenth birthday.
Neil
Yes, he did. Lucky him! And ordinal numbers are different to cardinal numbers. We use cardinal numbers like one, two, three for counting and to answer the question how many.
Catherine
And to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number, add the letters t-h to the end of the cardinal number. Eighteen - eighteenth; sixty - sixtieth.
Neil
And that works for all the cardinal numbers except for first, second and third – they're irregular, but for all the others, it's add t-h, so that's fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh…
Catherine
Eighth, ninth, tenth. So that's good but in writing we do have a couple of irregular spellings, such as fifth:
Neil
f-i-f-t-h
Catherine
eighth
Neil
e-i-g-h-t-h
Catherine
ninth
Neil
n-i-n-t-h
Catherine
twelfth
Neil
t-w-e-l-f-t-h
Catherine
And for numbers ending in -y like sixty, drop the -y and add -i-e and -t-h to make sixtieth:
Neil
s-i-x-t-i-e-t-h
Catherine
Now let's look more closely at dates. Listen for the date in this clip.
INSERT CLIP 1
It was on the twenty-fifth of May and it was the first time that I've ever had a big party.
Neil
The twenty-fifth of May. When we say the day before the month, we always use the words the and of: the twenty-fifth of May.
Catherine
But when we say the month before the day, we don't use the word of. It's just May the twenty-fifth.
Neil
We often use the word the with ordinal numbers, but we can also use possessives. In this next clip, Laurence uses the possessive adjective my before eighteenth.
INSERT 1 CLIP 2
For my 18th birthday last year, I invited about sixty friends and relatives!
Catherine
Let's have another clip.
INSERT 1 CLIP 3
It was in a restaurant on the third floor of a hotel. The food was really delicious and I won second prize in the dancing competition!
Neil
So, now we have two more ways of using ordinal numbers: space and quality.
Catherine
Yes, we do. And the third floor tells us about the position of the floors in space. It's the same as when we give directions, for example: Take the second left after the traffic lights.
Neil
And second prize tells us about the quality. And a point to make here is that ordinal numbers can be used as adjectives and adverbs without the. Like in the phrase he won second prize. Second is an adjective.
IDENT
6 Minute Vocabulary from BBC Learning English.
Neil
And now it's quiz time! Number one: Which of these is correct? The party's on: a) thirtieth of July b) the thirtieth July c) the thirtieth of July.
Catherine
And it's c) the thirtieth of July.
Neil
Great! Now, number two. Which word in this list is wrong? First, second, third, ford, fifth.
Catherine
The answer's ford. It should be fourth.
Neil
Yes, it should! Number three: Which of these is correct? a) My twenty-first birthday b) My the twenty-first birthday c) The my twenty-first birthday.
Catherine
The answer's a) My twenty-first birthday.
Neil
Well done if you got them right. But before we go, here's a vocabulary tip. Try saying your own important and memorabl
e dates in English, for example, birthdays, anniversaries and festivals. If the dates are important, you're more likely to remember the English.
Catherine
There's more about this at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again soon for more 6 Minute Vocabulary.
Both
Bye!
Catherine
There's more about this at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again soon for more 6 Minute Vocabulary.
Both
Bye!
BBC Learning English
BBC Learning English - Learn English with BBC Learning English - Homepage
About BBC Learning English
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The BBC is offering women around the world a voice to discuss the issues they care about. Catherine and Li talk about the programmes and debates about issues as diverse as the right of Indian women to use the toilet for free, to women who opt out of motherhood.
This week's question
How many female heads of state or government do we have now, in 2015? Is it:
a) 9
b) 19
c) 29
You can hear the answer at the end of the programme.
This week's question
How many female heads of state or government do we have now, in 2015? Is it:
a) 9
b) 19
c) 29
You can hear the answer at the end of the programme.
covered
(here) talked about
childless
without children
role
(bere) the way you are expected to behave
discrimination
unfair treatment of people who belong to different groups, e.g. male and female
at the core
in the centre
pee
urinate, pass water
sexism
treating somebody unfairly because of their gender
(here) talked about
childless
without children
role
(bere) the way you are expected to behave
discrimination
unfair treatment of people who belong to different groups, e.g. male and female
at the core
in the centre
pee
urinate, pass water
sexism
treating somebody unfairly because of their gender
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript
Catherine
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Catherine…
Li
…and I'm Li. And today we are talking about women's rights. Catherine, do you think women's rights are well covered by the media?
Catherine
Covered means 'talked about'. And I would say it could be better, to be honest. Many women's magazines are all about beauty tips, fashion and how to please your man. Now, I'm interested in the real issues. One thing the media doesn't talk about much is what the role of childless women, like myself, is. And childless means 'having no children'.
Li
Yes. In some societies, the role of women – role, the way they are expected to behave – is to have children. If they don't, it's like there's something wrong with them, and they are supposed to be unhappy.
Catherine
I have no children and I'm very happy. Anyway, women in various countries around the world want to discuss problems which are close to home. And that's why the BBC has organised a series of programmes to discuss some issues that affect half the world's population. The series is called 100 Women and it's the theme of this 6 Minute English.
Li
The discrimination against women happens in different ways in different countries.
Catherine
Discrimination means the unjust treatment of people who belong to different groups - in this case, male and female. Maybe Li, more women should be in positions of power. And that's what today's quiz question is about. Li, how many female heads of state or government do we have around the world now, in 2015? Is it:
a) 9
b) 19 or
c) 29
Li
Well, I'm going to guess… c) 29.
Catherine
That's very optimistic and we'll find out later if you're right. Now, let's talk about the BBC's 100 Women season. The season will include programmes across all the BBC platforms – including radio, online, TV and social media. And the BBC's Tammi Walker is working on the social media offer. Here she is, explaining what audiences can expect.
INSERT
Tammi Walker, BBC social media producer for 100 Women
Within the season we've got big debates. One is "Is news failing women?", which is obviously at the core of what we are trying to get to. And that will be a live debate held in London but we're going to have people speaking in different countries about that. And we're also doing a big debate called "What does it mean to be a good girl or an ideal woman?". December the 1st we have three topics - leadership, relationships and image - and we're going to do three live debates on that day. And we've sent out packs to over 100 women's groups around the world, so that on the day they all get involved.
Li
So at the core of the project 100 Women there will be live debates. By the way, the word 'core' means 'the central part of it'.
Catherine
Indeed. And as you know Li, in some countries, women face some fairly basic problems… Here's Tammi Walker again. And this time, what word means, well, you know, what you do when you go to the toilet?
INSERT
Tammi Walker, BBC social media producer for 100 Women
We are tying in with World Toilet Day, with the right to pee. For example in India, women are charged 25 rupees to go to the toilet whereas men obviously can go anywhere for free. You don't have to pay to go!
Li
Yes. Women in India have to pay to pee – it means to urinate, to pass water – while men can go anywhere. It is a matter of public health too.
Catherine
Most definitely. Now, this is the third BBC 100 Women season. Last time it prompted a big discussion in Iran. Let's hear what Sanam Dolatshahi has to say. She's a producer from BBC Persian. And can you understand what the word sexism means?
INSERT
Sanam Dolatshahi, producer, BBC Persian
Many people are familiar with other 'isms' you know – for example, racism. When you say 'racism' people know what it means in Iran. But not necessarily sexism. Many people confused it with sex. So some people were asking us: Air your programmes about sexism after the watershed, after 9 pm, you know, so that the children will not watch.
Li
Sexism means to have a very strict i
Catherine
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Catherine…
Li
…and I'm Li. And today we are talking about women's rights. Catherine, do you think women's rights are well covered by the media?
Catherine
Covered means 'talked about'. And I would say it could be better, to be honest. Many women's magazines are all about beauty tips, fashion and how to please your man. Now, I'm interested in the real issues. One thing the media doesn't talk about much is what the role of childless women, like myself, is. And childless means 'having no children'.
Li
Yes. In some societies, the role of women – role, the way they are expected to behave – is to have children. If they don't, it's like there's something wrong with them, and they are supposed to be unhappy.
Catherine
I have no children and I'm very happy. Anyway, women in various countries around the world want to discuss problems which are close to home. And that's why the BBC has organised a series of programmes to discuss some issues that affect half the world's population. The series is called 100 Women and it's the theme of this 6 Minute English.
Li
The discrimination against women happens in different ways in different countries.
Catherine
Discrimination means the unjust treatment of people who belong to different groups - in this case, male and female. Maybe Li, more women should be in positions of power. And that's what today's quiz question is about. Li, how many female heads of state or government do we have around the world now, in 2015? Is it:
a) 9
b) 19 or
c) 29
Li
Well, I'm going to guess… c) 29.
Catherine
That's very optimistic and we'll find out later if you're right. Now, let's talk about the BBC's 100 Women season. The season will include programmes across all the BBC platforms – including radio, online, TV and social media. And the BBC's Tammi Walker is working on the social media offer. Here she is, explaining what audiences can expect.
INSERT
Tammi Walker, BBC social media producer for 100 Women
Within the season we've got big debates. One is "Is news failing women?", which is obviously at the core of what we are trying to get to. And that will be a live debate held in London but we're going to have people speaking in different countries about that. And we're also doing a big debate called "What does it mean to be a good girl or an ideal woman?". December the 1st we have three topics - leadership, relationships and image - and we're going to do three live debates on that day. And we've sent out packs to over 100 women's groups around the world, so that on the day they all get involved.
Li
So at the core of the project 100 Women there will be live debates. By the way, the word 'core' means 'the central part of it'.
Catherine
Indeed. And as you know Li, in some countries, women face some fairly basic problems… Here's Tammi Walker again. And this time, what word means, well, you know, what you do when you go to the toilet?
INSERT
Tammi Walker, BBC social media producer for 100 Women
We are tying in with World Toilet Day, with the right to pee. For example in India, women are charged 25 rupees to go to the toilet whereas men obviously can go anywhere for free. You don't have to pay to go!
Li
Yes. Women in India have to pay to pee – it means to urinate, to pass water – while men can go anywhere. It is a matter of public health too.
Catherine
Most definitely. Now, this is the third BBC 100 Women season. Last time it prompted a big discussion in Iran. Let's hear what Sanam Dolatshahi has to say. She's a producer from BBC Persian. And can you understand what the word sexism means?
INSERT
Sanam Dolatshahi, producer, BBC Persian
Many people are familiar with other 'isms' you know – for example, racism. When you say 'racism' people know what it means in Iran. But not necessarily sexism. Many people confused it with sex. So some people were asking us: Air your programmes about sexism after the watershed, after 9 pm, you know, so that the children will not watch.
Li
Sexism means to have a very strict i
dea of what each sex can or can't do and it is a form of prejudice. Sometimes people are prejudiced and they don't even know it.
Catherine
Absolutely. But this prejudice, whether known or unknown, can bring a lot of suffering. Well, there's a lot more we could say about women in our society but we are running out of time. So let's get back to our quiz question Li…
Li
Yeah. You asked me about women in powerful positions…
Catherine
That's right. I asked you: How many heads of state or government do we have around the world now, in 2015? Is it:
a) 9
b) 19 or
c) 29
Li
And I said c) 29.
Catherine
Unfortunately Li, it's wrong! The correct answer is b) 19. And according to a 2015 United Nations report, in 1995 there were only 12 female heads of state or government but now there are 19. And before you go let me remind you of some of the key words we've used today. They were:
covered
childless
role
discrimination
at the core
pee
sexism
Li
Well, that just about brings us to the end of today's 6 Minute English. We would like to invite you to follow the BBC 100 Women season in English or your own language. Men are invited too.
Catherine
And you can find the programmes using the hashtag 100women or go to www.bbc.com/100women. See you next time.
Both
Bye.
Catherine
Absolutely. But this prejudice, whether known or unknown, can bring a lot of suffering. Well, there's a lot more we could say about women in our society but we are running out of time. So let's get back to our quiz question Li…
Li
Yeah. You asked me about women in powerful positions…
Catherine
That's right. I asked you: How many heads of state or government do we have around the world now, in 2015? Is it:
a) 9
b) 19 or
c) 29
Li
And I said c) 29.
Catherine
Unfortunately Li, it's wrong! The correct answer is b) 19. And according to a 2015 United Nations report, in 1995 there were only 12 female heads of state or government but now there are 19. And before you go let me remind you of some of the key words we've used today. They were:
covered
childless
role
discrimination
at the core
pee
sexism
Li
Well, that just about brings us to the end of today's 6 Minute English. We would like to invite you to follow the BBC 100 Women season in English or your own language. Men are invited too.
Catherine
And you can find the programmes using the hashtag 100women or go to www.bbc.com/100women. See you next time.
Both
Bye.
آموزش مکالمه زبان انگلیسی با
The English We Speak
Words in the News
6 minute English
Pronunciation
Drama
News Report
lingoHack
6 minutes Vocabulary
6 minute Grammar
The English We Speak
Words in the News
6 minute English
Pronunciation
Drama
News Report
lingoHack
6 minutes Vocabulary
6 minute Grammar
آموزش مکالمه زبان انگلیسی
با اخبار روز :
ساقط کردن هواپیمای جنگی روسیه
Step 1: Listen
You're going to hear a genuine BBC news report. Before you listen, read these three summaries.
a) People's mistakes were not the cause of the Russian plane crash, according to the plane's owners.
b) Something from outside the aircraft caused a Russian plane to crash in Egypt, according to the plane's owners.
c) The plane's owners said that a problem with the tail caused it to crash.
Now listen and decide which one is correct. Listen again if you need to.
Step 2: Learn the key words and listen again
How was that? Try listening again. Here are four definitions of key vocabulary items which may help you.
external forces
energy coming from outside an object or system
ruled out
decided that something is not possible
acknowledged
accept the truth or existence of something
Step 3: Transcript and answer
The Russian airline whose plane crashed in the Sinai with the loss of 224 lives has said that external forces were the only possible reason for the disaster.
At a news conference in Moscow, a senior official of the airline Metrojet ruled out a technical fault and pilot error.
He acknowledged that there had been damage to the plane's tail before it took off from Egypt but said the damage had been repaired.
Answer
b) Something from outside the aircraft caused a Russian plane to crash in Egypt, according to the plane's owners.
This bulletin comes from BBC World Service Radio.
با اخبار روز :
ساقط کردن هواپیمای جنگی روسیه
Step 1: Listen
You're going to hear a genuine BBC news report. Before you listen, read these three summaries.
a) People's mistakes were not the cause of the Russian plane crash, according to the plane's owners.
b) Something from outside the aircraft caused a Russian plane to crash in Egypt, according to the plane's owners.
c) The plane's owners said that a problem with the tail caused it to crash.
Now listen and decide which one is correct. Listen again if you need to.
Step 2: Learn the key words and listen again
How was that? Try listening again. Here are four definitions of key vocabulary items which may help you.
external forces
energy coming from outside an object or system
ruled out
decided that something is not possible
acknowledged
accept the truth or existence of something
Step 3: Transcript and answer
The Russian airline whose plane crashed in the Sinai with the loss of 224 lives has said that external forces were the only possible reason for the disaster.
At a news conference in Moscow, a senior official of the airline Metrojet ruled out a technical fault and pilot error.
He acknowledged that there had been damage to the plane's tail before it took off from Egypt but said the damage had been repaired.
Answer
b) Something from outside the aircraft caused a Russian plane to crash in Egypt, according to the plane's owners.
This bulletin comes from BBC World Service Radio.