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Hourglass Flow Diagram for Research Paper Writing

Best Data Analysis Tools for Researchers

𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿

PhD Students - What are the different types of research questions?

Here are the 7 basic types of research questions.

Designing research questions is one of the first step in your PhD.

Knowing the types of research questions can help you to design good research questions for your PhD.

What a complete Literature review should include:

𝟭. 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲
• Clearly state the purpose of the literature review (such as to summarize, synthesize, or critique existing research).
𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
• Briefly explain how the literature relates to your research questions or thesis.

𝟮. 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗵𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲
𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀
• Include seminal papers, important recent studies, and influential authors in the field.
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘅𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱
• Provide background information and foundational theories, if relevant, to set the stage for your study.

𝟯. 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 & 𝗦𝘆𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀
𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀
• Compare and contrast different studies, highlighting similarities, or contradictions in their findings or conclusions.
𝗚𝗮𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵
• Identify gaps or under-explored areas in the existing literature that your study will address.

𝟰. 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀
𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗨𝘀𝗲𝗱
• Discuss the methodologies used by different authors (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods).
𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗴𝘁𝗵𝘀 & 𝗟𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀
• Critique the methodological approaches and discuss their relevance to your research.

𝟱. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸
𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 & 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀
• Discuss the main theoretical frameworks or models employed in the literature related to your topic.
𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀
• Highlight major debates, contradictions, or unresolved questions within the theoretical perspectives.

Steps in Data Analysis and Report Writing

Evaluating your research proposal!