Raqqa has never been home to a sizeable Shi'i community.[16] However, since the Iran-Iraq War made the important Shi'i holy cities of Najaf and Karbala inaccessible to Iranian visitors, Raqqa has gained importance as a Shi'i pilgrimage destination (accessible via Turkey).[16] The main attractions are the tombs of Ammar ibn Yasin and Uways al-Qarani, two companions of Muhammad who died during the Battle of Siffin.[16] Beginning in 1988 and completed in 2005, an Iranian project oversaw the construction of two new mosques to replace the tombs, making them the largest Shi'i mausoleums in Syria.[16] The Uways mosque was blown up by the Islamic State in May 2014 for being what they called a "pagan Iranian shrine".[78]
Uways al-Qarani is an important religious figure in Raqqa, and could be called the city's "patron saint".[16] East of the main city, between the Bab Baghdad and the Siffin cemetery, a large mulberry tree has been dedicated to him for a long time.[16] It is considered a holy site placed under Uways's protection.[16] At least until the 1940s, semi-nomadic families would leave their personal belongings at the foot of the tree before beginning their annual summer migration to keep livestock in the Balikh valley.[16] They would return four months later to recollect them.[16] According to elderly Raqqawis, nobody dared take other people's belongings lest they anger the saint.[16]
Uways has also been considered a mediator for Raqqawis, especially during unsolved cases of theft or valuable objects disappearing.[16] In such cases, there would be ritual procession involving a large copper cup, called the "Uways Cup", covered by a green sheet and carried by a public crier (or dallal) chosen by the wronged family.[16] The procession would then go through all the streets of Raqqa, with the dallal calling out for anyone who knew anything about the theft or missing object was "called upon, by the Uways Cup, to inform me of it or to return it".[16] During these processions, the entire city would be regarded as a sacred space https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa#Ecclesiastical_history
Uways al-Qarani is an important religious figure in Raqqa, and could be called the city's "patron saint".[16] East of the main city, between the Bab Baghdad and the Siffin cemetery, a large mulberry tree has been dedicated to him for a long time.[16] It is considered a holy site placed under Uways's protection.[16] At least until the 1940s, semi-nomadic families would leave their personal belongings at the foot of the tree before beginning their annual summer migration to keep livestock in the Balikh valley.[16] They would return four months later to recollect them.[16] According to elderly Raqqawis, nobody dared take other people's belongings lest they anger the saint.[16]
Uways has also been considered a mediator for Raqqawis, especially during unsolved cases of theft or valuable objects disappearing.[16] In such cases, there would be ritual procession involving a large copper cup, called the "Uways Cup", covered by a green sheet and carried by a public crier (or dallal) chosen by the wronged family.[16] The procession would then go through all the streets of Raqqa, with the dallal calling out for anyone who knew anything about the theft or missing object was "called upon, by the Uways Cup, to inform me of it or to return it".[16] During these processions, the entire city would be regarded as a sacred space https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa#Ecclesiastical_history