๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุขู„ ู…ุญู…ุฏ

ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ:
ุดุฑูˆุญุงุช ุตูŠุฏู„ุฉ
ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ
ูุงุฑู…ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ
ูุงุฑู…ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงูˆู„
ูุงุฑู…ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ
ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุงุช ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ

ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„:
Insta: hussian_8x

@AronX2bot
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A 70-year-old postmenopausal woman was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis. She has a history of esophagitis. What is the most appropriate pharmacologic treatment?

A) Alendronate
B) Risedronate
C) Zoledronic acid
D) Denosumab

And why
โค11๐Ÿ™2๐Ÿ’”1
A 72-year-old postmenopausal woman with severe osteoporosis and a recent history of vertebral fracture presents for treatment. She has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacologic therapy for this patient?

A) Alendronate
B) Risedronate
C) Zoledronic acid
D) Denosumab

Hmena, And why
โค14๐Ÿ˜4๐Ÿ™2
Which of the following is an intermediate acting insulin that is formed by the addition of zinc and protamine to regular insulin?

A. Insulin glargine
B. Insulin detemir
C. Aspart insulin
D. Insulin isophane
E. None of the above

It's easy
โค25๐Ÿ”ฅ4๐Ÿ’˜2โœ1๐Ÿ‘1
BN is a patient with type 2 diabetes who has a blood glucose of 350 mg/dL today at his office visit.

The physician would like to give some insulin to bring the glucose down before he leaves the office. Which of the following would is unappropriate for rapid lowering of blood glucose
level in BN?

A. Insulin aspart
B. Insulin glargine
C. Insulin glulisine
D. Regular insulin
E. Insulin lispro
โค15๐Ÿ‘3๐Ÿ’˜3โœ2๐Ÿ”ฅ1
Regarding Neutral Protamine Hagedorm (NPH) insulin,
which of the following statements is not correct:

A. It is formed by the addition of zinc and protamine to regular insulin

B. Less solubility and delayed absorption contributes to its longer duration of action

C. It is used to control post-prandial glucose levels

D. Its other name is insulin isophane

E. It is not suitable for rapid lowering of glucose levels
๐Ÿ”ฅ13โค11๐Ÿ‘3
A 13-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes is brought to the hospital complaining of dizziness.

Laboratory findings include severe hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and a blood pH of 7.15. Which
of the following agents should be administered to achieve rapid control of the severe ketoacidosis in this diabetic boy?

A. Crystalline zinc insulin
B. Glyburide
C. Insulin glargine
D. NPH insulin
E. Insulin degludec
โค16๐Ÿ”ฅ3
All of the following statements regarding type 1 diabetes are true EXCEPT:

A. It is characterized by absolute lack of insulin

B. It mostly afflict children

C. ฮ’-cell destruction is attributed to autoimmune processes

D. Genetic prediposition is very strong

E. Ketoacidosis is mostly encountered in type 1 diabetes
๐Ÿ”ฅ14โค5
ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠู†ูุฑุฒ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฌุณู…ู†ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู†:

ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ Basal insulin ุงูˆ Foundation
ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ูŠูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ insulin ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู…ู„

ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุธู… ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ (ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช)

ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ Bolus insulin ุงูˆ Prandial
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ูุฑุฒ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰

ุชู†ูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ Breakfast
ุชู†ูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ lunch
ุชู†ูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ dinner

ุญุชู‰ ูŠุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ glucose ุงู„ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูˆูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŸ
Short acting insulin
Rabid acting insulin
Intermediate acting insulin
Long acting insulin


ูู‡ุณู‡ ุงุฐุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู†ุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู†ู†ุทูŠ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุณุฑูŠุน ูŠุญุงูƒูŠ ู…ู†ูˆุŸ
ูŠุญุงูƒูŠ ุงูˆ ูŠุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ Bolus insulin
ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ู‡ ู…ู†ูˆุŸ

Rabid acting insulin
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

ูˆูˆูŠุงู‡ู† ุงู„ Regular Insulin ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Short acting ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุนูˆู„ู‡ ุงุจุทุฃ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุงุฎุฐูˆู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุจู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ


ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู†ูŠุŸ
Rapid-acting insulins are administered to mimic the
prandial (mealtime) release of insulin
ุญุชู‰ ูŠุดุงุจู‡ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠ ูŠู†ูุฑุฒ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŸ
control postprandial glucose levels
ุงุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุฉ


ุฒูŠู† ุงุฐุง ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŸ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠุงู… ุงู„ Fasting

ู‡ู†ุง ุดู†ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ุทูŠุŸ
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ุทูŠ insulin ูŠุญุงูƒูŠ ุงูˆ ูŠุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ Basal insulin
ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ู‡ ู…ู†ูˆ

Long acting insulin
Glargine
Detemir
Degludec
ูˆูˆูŠุงู‡ู† NPH

ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู†ูŠุŸ
long-acting insulin used to control fasting glucose levels
ุญุชู‰ ูŠุณูŠุทุฑู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุดุงุจู‡ู† ุงู„ basal insulin
ู†ู†ุทูŠู‡ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุนุฏุง NPH ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู…


#diabetes

๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
โค77๐Ÿ‘7๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ™2
IMP. cancer.pdf
2.5 MB
ุชุฃุดูŠุฑุงุช ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ุจุฑุฃูŠูŠ

ู„ู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุน ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ ุงูƒู…ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงุจุชุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ูƒู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ

#cancer
โค58๐Ÿ‘8๐Ÿ”ฅ3๐Ÿ’˜2๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ˜1๐Ÿ’ฏ1๐Ÿ’Š1
Adverse Effects of Drugs used in Osteoporosis

โญ• Calcium supplementation

flatulence(gas)
bloating
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆูŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
iron preparations
thyroid replacement
fluoroquinolone and tetracycline antibiotics



โญ• Bisphosphonates:

More common:
Esophagitis
Esophageal ulcers
ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ oral
ูˆู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ุตุญ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูˆุถุน ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… upright ู…ุน ุดุฑุจ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก
ุจุนุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ
Diarrhea, abdominal pain and musculoskeletal pain

ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุทูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุณุจุจ
Osteo necrosis of the jaw
Atypical femur fractures
ู†ู‚ู„ู„ู‡ู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ drug holiday


โญ• Denosumab:

More common :
Increased risk of infections
Dermatological reactions
Hypocalcemia

Less common:
Atypical femur fractures
Osteo necrosis of the jaw


โญ• Parathyroid agents (Teriparatide, Abaloparatide)

Hypercalcemia
Orthostatic hypotension
Increased risk of osteosarcoma in rats


โญ• Raloxifene

Hot flashes
Leg cramps
Venous thromboembolism


โญ• Calcitonin

Rhinitis
other nasal symptoms



#bone_metablism

๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
๐Ÿ”ฅ35โค14๐Ÿ‘6๐Ÿ’˜3๐Ÿ™2
Androgen.pdf
822.8 KB
#ู…ู„ุฎุต
ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠููŠุฏูƒู…

#androgen
โค33๐Ÿ‘4๐Ÿ™4โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ3
๐—”๐—ฅ๐—ข๐—ก ๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—จ๐——๐—ฌ
Contraceptives.pdf
ุตุญุญูˆู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู…
ูฃ ุณู†ูˆุงุช

ุตุญุชุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู„ู ๐Ÿซก

ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ู„ุชู†ุจูŠู‡
โค23
Which of the following drugs is cell cycleโ€“specific and effective in treating high-growth-fraction malignancies such as hematologic cancers?

A. Cisplatin
B. Nitrosoureas
C. Etoposide
D. Alkylating agents


Cell cycle non-specific drugs are effective for which of the following?

A. Only high-growth-fraction malignancies
B. Only hematologic cancers
C. Only solid tumors
D. Both low-growth-fraction and high-growth-fraction malignancies
โค13๐Ÿ‘4๐Ÿ’”4
ุดูŠ ุดูŠุงุชูŠู† ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช
๐Ÿ˜23โค11๐Ÿ’”4๐Ÿ’˜3โœ2๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ™1
ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ูŠู†ุณุฏ ุจ ูฆ ุงู„ุตุจุญ
ุนู„ู…ูˆุฏ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุชูˆุณุท
ุญู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌูˆู†ู‡ุง
โค43๐Ÿ˜ญ4๐Ÿ˜ข2
ุงุฎูˆุงู†ูŠ โ™ฅ๏ธ
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆูู‚ูƒู… ูˆูŠุณู‡ู„ ุงู…ุฑูƒู…

๏ดฟ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู‡ู ุชูŽูˆูŽูƒู‘ูŽู„ุชู ูˆูŽุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู‡ู ููŽู„ูŠูŽุชูŽูˆูŽูƒู‘ูŽู„ู ุงู„ู…ูุชูŽูˆูŽูƒู‘ูู„ูˆู†ูŽ ๏ดพ
โค240๐Ÿ™18๐Ÿ’˜12โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ8๐Ÿ‘3
ุจุดุฑูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ
๐Ÿ‘27๐Ÿ™12๐Ÿ˜ข5โค4๐Ÿ’ฏ3โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ 7
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† a ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† e

ู†ู‚ุทุฉ 39
ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ B ุญุชู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† True ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒุชุจ
Inhibit topoisomerase II
ุจุจู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„anthracyclines ุชุซุจุท ุงู„ 2
ุจู‡ูŠุฌ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠู„ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญู„ู‡ุง all
ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงุชุจ 1

ุจุนุฏ ู„ูˆ ูŠุงุฎุฐ ุน ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… antibiotics ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญู„ู‡ุง E
ุงูˆ ูŠุงุฎุฐ ูู‚ุท ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ anthracyclines
ู„ุงู† ุจุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ anthracyclines ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ antibiotic
ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ B

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญู„ ูŠุญุชู…ู„ ุงุฌุงุจุชูŠู† ู…ุง ุงูƒุฏุฑ ุฃุฌุฒู… ุจุงู„ุตุญ 100%
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุดู†ูˆ ุชููƒูŠุฑู‡
๐Ÿ‘30โค3๐Ÿ’ฏ3๐Ÿ‘2