ูุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงุณุจุงุจ acute dyspnea ูู anaphylaxisโญ๏ธ
ู ุฑูุถ ู ุงุฎุฐ ุฏูุงุก ูุชุญุณุณ ู ูู. ุงู ุงููู ุงู ฺฏุฑุตุฉ ุญุดุฑุฉ
ูุฌู ุงูู ุฑูุถ
Acute dyspnea, wheezing
Hypotension
ูู ู ูู ูุฏุฎู ุจ shock
ููุงูุง rash ูุทูุน ูุงูู ุจุธูุฑู ูุญูุฉ
ููุง ุนูุงุฌู
First line is adrenaline ( IM)
Second ( antihistamine, corticosteroids)
โโ
โญ๏ธูุงูู ููุงู ุงุณุจุงุจ ูู ูู acute dyspnea
๐๐ป๐๐ปacute asthma
๐๐ป๐๐ปacute exacerbation of copd
ุญุณุงุณูุฉ ุงููุตุจุงุช ุนุงุฏู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ูู ูููู ู ู ุฌูุช ุตุบูุฑ ุจูู ูุชููุฌ ุจููุฌ ู ูุณู ูุจููุฌ ุทูุณ ุงู ุจุณุจุจ ุนุทูุฑ ุงู ุชุฑุงุจ ูุนูู ู ุดุฎุต ุฑูุญู
ูุนูุฏู dyspnea and wheezing
ู ู ูู ูุฌูู silent chest ููุฐุง ูุฎูู ู ู ูู ููุณู ูุฌุงู ููุทูุงุฑุฆ๐
โโ-
๐ฐ ูุนูู ู ู ุชุดูู ู ุฑูุถ ุฌุงู ููููู ู ุฎุชูู
ุดูู ุนู ุฑู ู ู ุดููู
ููู ุดูุฏ ุตุงุฑูู ูุงู ุตุงุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุณุงุนุชูู
ุงุฎูู ุจุจุงูู ุดู ุตุงุฑ ูุฌุฃุฉ
ุงุดูู ุงูู ู ุฑุฉ ุตุงูุฑ ุจู ุงู ูุง ูุฃุณุฃูู ุงูุงุณุฆูุฉ ุงูู ุชููุฏูู
ุงุดูู
Vital signs
Chest auscultation
ูุจุนุฏูู ุงูุฑุฑ ุดุฏุฒู ecg , chest x ray
ุงู cbc ุงุฐุง ุดุงู ุนูุฏู anemia ููู ูู ู ุง ุชุณูู acute dyspnea ูุฌุฃุฉ ุงูุง ุงุฐุง ูุงุญุฏ ูุงู ู ุฑูุญู
ูู ุงุฎูููุง ุจุจุงูู
โญ๏ธ ุนุงุฏุฉ anemia ุชุณูู
Exertion dyspnea
ูุงุงุง ู ุนููู ุฉ ูุง ุชูุณูู metabolic cause of dyspnea
ู ุซู dka ุงุฏุฒู RBS ุงูู ุดู ๐ ุชูุณู ุฏูู
โญ๏ธ ุงู lactic acidosis
- ุฏ. ุฒูุฑุงุก ุตูุงุญ ๐ค.
ู ุฑูุถ ู ุงุฎุฐ ุฏูุงุก ูุชุญุณุณ ู ูู. ุงู ุงููู ุงู ฺฏุฑุตุฉ ุญุดุฑุฉ
ูุฌู ุงูู ุฑูุถ
Acute dyspnea, wheezing
Hypotension
ูู ู ูู ูุฏุฎู ุจ shock
ููุงูุง rash ูุทูุน ูุงูู ุจุธูุฑู ูุญูุฉ
ููุง ุนูุงุฌู
First line is adrenaline ( IM)
Second ( antihistamine, corticosteroids)
โโ
โญ๏ธูุงูู ููุงู ุงุณุจุงุจ ูู ูู acute dyspnea
๐๐ป๐๐ปacute asthma
๐๐ป๐๐ปacute exacerbation of copd
ุญุณุงุณูุฉ ุงููุตุจุงุช ุนุงุฏู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ูู ูููู ู ู ุฌูุช ุตุบูุฑ ุจูู ูุชููุฌ ุจููุฌ ู ูุณู ูุจููุฌ ุทูุณ ุงู ุจุณุจุจ ุนุทูุฑ ุงู ุชุฑุงุจ ูุนูู ู ุดุฎุต ุฑูุญู
ูุนูุฏู dyspnea and wheezing
ู ู ูู ูุฌูู silent chest ููุฐุง ูุฎูู ู ู ูู ููุณู ูุฌุงู ููุทูุงุฑุฆ๐
โโ-
๐ฐ ูุนูู ู ู ุชุดูู ู ุฑูุถ ุฌุงู ููููู ู ุฎุชูู
ุดูู ุนู ุฑู ู ู ุดููู
ููู ุดูุฏ ุตุงุฑูู ูุงู ุตุงุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุณุงุนุชูู
ุงุฎูู ุจุจุงูู ุดู ุตุงุฑ ูุฌุฃุฉ
ุงุดูู ุงูู ู ุฑุฉ ุตุงูุฑ ุจู ุงู ูุง ูุฃุณุฃูู ุงูุงุณุฆูุฉ ุงูู ุชููุฏูู
ุงุดูู
Vital signs
Chest auscultation
ูุจุนุฏูู ุงูุฑุฑ ุดุฏุฒู ecg , chest x ray
ุงู cbc ุงุฐุง ุดุงู ุนูุฏู anemia ููู ูู ู ุง ุชุณูู acute dyspnea ูุฌุฃุฉ ุงูุง ุงุฐุง ูุงุญุฏ ูุงู ู ุฑูุญู
ูู ุงุฎูููุง ุจุจุงูู
โญ๏ธ ุนุงุฏุฉ anemia ุชุณูู
Exertion dyspnea
ูุงุงุง ู ุนููู ุฉ ูุง ุชูุณูู metabolic cause of dyspnea
ู ุซู dka ุงุฏุฒู RBS ุงูู ุดู ๐ ุชูุณู ุฏูู
โญ๏ธ ุงู lactic acidosis
- ุฏ. ุฒูุฑุงุก ุตูุงุญ ๐ค.
๐ Keep in your Mind :
โช๏ธ All patients presenting with acute dyspnea warrant assessment of their vitals : a thorough cardiac , pulmonary , and extremity exam : and chest x-ray .
โช๏ธ ุงุณุจุงุจ acute dyspnea ุงูู ูุงุฒู ู ุง ุชูุณุงูู
- acute pulmonary edema( heart failure)
-acute asthma
-acute pneumothorax
- pulmonary embolism
-acute exacerbation of copd
- angina equivalent
ุงุถุงูุฉ ูู anaphylaxis
โช๏ธ All patients presenting with acute dyspnea warrant assessment of their vitals : a thorough cardiac , pulmonary , and extremity exam : and chest x-ray .
โช๏ธ ุงุณุจุงุจ acute dyspnea ุงูู ูุงุฒู ู ุง ุชูุณุงูู
- acute pulmonary edema( heart failure)
-acute asthma
-acute pneumothorax
- pulmonary embolism
-acute exacerbation of copd
- angina equivalent
ุงุถุงูุฉ ูู anaphylaxis
Approach to the dyspnea in emergency .pdf
2 MB
๐บุชูุฑูุบ ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงุนูุงู .
๐ฐInitial Assessment :
๐Vital Signs: Check BP / HR / general appearance.
๐นHx :
- Duration and frequency of the nosebleed.
- Previous episodes and treatments.
- Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.
- Any history of bleeding disorders.
- Recent trauma or nasal procedures.
- Associated symptoms (e.g., headache, dizziness).
๐นEx:
- Inspect the nasal passages
- Check for signs of blood loss and assess for potential sources of bleeding.
๐Vital Signs: Check BP / HR / general appearance.
๐นHx :
- Duration and frequency of the nosebleed.
- Previous episodes and treatments.
- Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.
- Any history of bleeding disorders.
- Recent trauma or nasal procedures.
- Associated symptoms (e.g., headache, dizziness).
๐นEx:
- Inspect the nasal passages
- Check for signs of blood loss and assess for potential sources of bleeding.
๐ ููุงุท ู
ูู
ุฉ ูู ุงูุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ุงู epistaxis ูู ุงูุทูุงุฑุฆ
โญ ABC : airway, breathing, circulation
( Trotterโs method )
Make patient sit up and pinch the nose for 5-10 minutes.
Head bent forward. Open mouth and breathe
. Ice packs
โญTake informative hx
ู ุซู
- aspirin
- plavix
*For patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelets, initiate local treatments prior to withholding or reversing anticoagulants unless there is life-threatening epistaxis.
โญ Examination
-ุชุฃูุฏ ู ู ูุฌูุฏ ุงู ุนุฏู ูุฌูุฏ
direct local trauma to the nose
-Check for BP (ู ูู )
ูุงู ุงุฐุง ูุงู hypertension ูุงูุช ุงูุทูุชู local adrenaline
ุฑุงุญ ูุตูุฑ systemic absorption ุจุงููุชูุฌุฉ ูุตุนุฏ ุถุบุทู ูุงุญุชู ุงู ูุณูู brain hemorrhage
๐ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงุณุชูุจุงู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ูู ุงูู ุณุชุดูู ููุถู ุงุณุชุฏุนุงุก ู ููู ุงูุฏู ent ูู ุญุงู ุชููุฑู ููููุงู ุจ
Anterior rhinoscopy & nasal packing
๐ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุนุฏู ุชููุฑ ู ููู ุงูุฏู ent ู ูุงูุช ุญุงูุฉ ุงููุฒู ุจุณูุทุฉ
Simple packing & observation.
ุงู ุง ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงููุฒู ุงูุดุฏูุฏ ูุชู ุงุญุงูุฉ ุงูู ุฑูุถ ูู ุณุชุดูู ุจุนุฏ ุงูุชุฃูุฏ ู ู
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
๐ Never use adrenaline pack without idea about underlying cause of epistaxis
ุตุญ ุฑุญ ูููู ุงููุฒู ููุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุง ุงูู ุจุณุจุจ ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงู ุชุตุงุต ุงู adrenaline ูุนูุฏ ุงููุฒู ู ููู ุจููุฉ ุงูุจุฑ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูู ู ุฑุถู ุงูHTN ุงู IHD
ุชูุชูุงูู ูููู
Rapid reduction of blood pressure during an episode of acute epistaxis is generally not advised.. but gentle reduction of persistent hypertension reduces hydrostatic pressure and thereby may aid clot formation.
๐ Cautery either chemical or electrical ( using bipolar)
-ููุฏุฑ ูุณุชุนู ู ุจุฎุงุฎ ุงู Oxymetazoline ูุณูู vasoconstriction ููููู ุงููุฒู
Cycklokaprone ุงู ุงู -
ุงูุฏูุฒ ูู
500mg/5ml +5cc NS
ูุนูู ูุต ุงูููุงูุฉ ูุฎูููุง ุจ gauze ู ููุทู ู ูุถุนู
๐ If anterior packing not stop the bleeding the posterior packing applied using Foly's catheter and patient should admit to the hospital
*Anterior nasal packing should be kept for 48 hours
pt on nasal pack :
-Best to place patient on antibiotics to decrease risk of sinusitis and toxic shock syndrome
-Advise patient to avoid straining, bending forward or removing pack early
-If other nostril is unpacked advise patient topical saline spray or saline gel to moisturize nasal mucosa
๐If bleeding continues, even after ant & post then emergency sphenopalatine artery ligation should be done
-ู ูููู ู ู ุงุญุฏ ุงูุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ .
โญ ABC : airway, breathing, circulation
( Trotterโs method )
Make patient sit up and pinch the nose for 5-10 minutes.
Head bent forward. Open mouth and breathe
. Ice packs
โญTake informative hx
ู ุซู
- aspirin
- plavix
*For patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelets, initiate local treatments prior to withholding or reversing anticoagulants unless there is life-threatening epistaxis.
โญ Examination
-ุชุฃูุฏ ู ู ูุฌูุฏ ุงู ุนุฏู ูุฌูุฏ
direct local trauma to the nose
-Check for BP (ู ูู )
ูุงู ุงุฐุง ูุงู hypertension ูุงูุช ุงูุทูุชู local adrenaline
ุฑุงุญ ูุตูุฑ systemic absorption ุจุงููุชูุฌุฉ ูุตุนุฏ ุถุบุทู ูุงุญุชู ุงู ูุณูู brain hemorrhage
๐ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงุณุชูุจุงู ุงูู ุฑูุถ ูู ุงูู ุณุชุดูู ููุถู ุงุณุชุฏุนุงุก ู ููู ุงูุฏู ent ูู ุญุงู ุชููุฑู ููููุงู ุจ
Anterior rhinoscopy & nasal packing
๐ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุนุฏู ุชููุฑ ู ููู ุงูุฏู ent ู ูุงูุช ุญุงูุฉ ุงููุฒู ุจุณูุทุฉ
Simple packing & observation.
ุงู ุง ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงููุฒู ุงูุดุฏูุฏ ูุชู ุงุญุงูุฉ ุงูู ุฑูุถ ูู ุณุชุดูู ุจุนุฏ ุงูุชุฃูุฏ ู ู
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
๐ Never use adrenaline pack without idea about underlying cause of epistaxis
ุตุญ ุฑุญ ูููู ุงููุฒู ููุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุง ุงูู ุจุณุจุจ ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงู ุชุตุงุต ุงู adrenaline ูุนูุฏ ุงููุฒู ู ููู ุจููุฉ ุงูุจุฑ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูู ู ุฑุถู ุงูHTN ุงู IHD
ุชูุชูุงูู ูููู
Rapid reduction of blood pressure during an episode of acute epistaxis is generally not advised.. but gentle reduction of persistent hypertension reduces hydrostatic pressure and thereby may aid clot formation.
๐ Cautery either chemical or electrical ( using bipolar)
-ููุฏุฑ ูุณุชุนู ู ุจุฎุงุฎ ุงู Oxymetazoline ูุณูู vasoconstriction ููููู ุงููุฒู
Cycklokaprone ุงู ุงู -
ุงูุฏูุฒ ูู
500mg/5ml +5cc NS
ูุนูู ูุต ุงูููุงูุฉ ูุฎูููุง ุจ gauze ู ููุทู ู ูุถุนู
๐ If anterior packing not stop the bleeding the posterior packing applied using Foly's catheter and patient should admit to the hospital
*Anterior nasal packing should be kept for 48 hours
pt on nasal pack :
-Best to place patient on antibiotics to decrease risk of sinusitis and toxic shock syndrome
-Advise patient to avoid straining, bending forward or removing pack early
-If other nostril is unpacked advise patient topical saline spray or saline gel to moisturize nasal mucosa
๐If bleeding continues, even after ant & post then emergency sphenopalatine artery ligation should be done
-ู ูููู ู ู ุงุญุฏ ุงูุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ .
Approach to || R.D.
๐ ููุงุท ู
ูู
ุฉ ูู ุงูุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ุงู epistaxis ูู ุงูุทูุงุฑุฆ โญ ABC : airway, breathing, circulation ( Trotterโs method ) Make patient sit up and pinch the nose for 5-10 minutes. Head bent forward. Open mouth and breathe . Ice packs โญTake informative hx ู
ุซู - aspirinโฆ
Cycklokaprone
ENT problems.pdf
903.3 KB
๐ป ุงูููุฏูู ุถุงููุชู ุจุงูุจูู ููุณุช :
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOp8gePxX0-Qrgm64UZcK0PdNPF7mUxrH&si=lNS3GZ3tK9rmAwyo
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOp8gePxX0-Qrgm64UZcK0PdNPF7mUxrH&si=lNS3GZ3tK9rmAwyo
Forwarded from Resident's Diary (Mariam Tariq ๐ฆ)
A 10 year old boy presents to his GP with a nose bleed. The bleeding started 1 hour ago and has not stopped. He is haemodynamically stable.
What is the SINGLE most appropriate next course of action?
What is the SINGLE most appropriate next course of action?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A. Press the base of the nose
44%
B. Press the soft parts of the nose
10%
C. Ice packs and lean backwards
12%
D. Start oral tranexamic acid
13%
E. Send to A&E