Daily Answer Writing Practice
[Question 8, 20th July 2020]

Dear Students,
Please find below the question for daily answer writing practice for today.

Q 8. Monsoon pattern has been changing in recent years in India. Examine. Discuss the temporal and Spatial variation of rainfall in India. (250 words, 15 marks).

Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today.

#GS1 #Geography
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[Question 8, 20th July 2020]

Q 8. Monsoon pattern has been changing in recent years in India. Examine. Discuss the temporal and Spatial variation of rainfall in India. (250 words, 15 marks).

Monsoon refers to a system of wind in which there is a complete reversal of direction with the change of season. There is a consensus that monsoon in India is changing in terms of intensity, duration, frequency and spatial distribution:

1. The frequency of floods in the northwest and northeast while rainfall deficit in the south has increased.
2. Rainfall extremes have increased threefold over the last few years.
3. The onset of the monsoon has been delayed due to a regime shift in climate i-e from a weak to strong EI Nino period.
4. Monsoon has also been ending sooner thereby reducing the length of the rainy season.
5. Monsoon seasons are witnessing random ‘break periods’ when there is little to no rainfall.

There are various reasons for the change in the Monsoon pattern:
1. Frequent El-Nino and La-Nina, The Indian Ocean dipole, and the Atlantic Nino.
2. ‘Break periods’ are associated with rainfall system moving northwards from the equatorial region.
3. The high rate of deforestation.
4. The ripple effects of global warming and climate change.

Thus, it becomes important for India to work towards restoring the balance of nature in collaboration with other countries, so that monsoon pattern does not change permanently.


The average annual rainfall is about 125 cm, but it has great spatial and temporal variations.

Temporal Variation

The distribution of rainfall varies temporally as per annual cycle of seasons. The meteorologists recognized four seasons. The rainfall in these seasons varies in the following manner:

1. Cold Weather Season

• Some weak temperate cyclones from Mediterranean Sea cause rainfall in north-western India, which are called Western Disturbances.
• Little rainfall in some parts of India.

2. Hot Weather Season

• A sudden contact between dry and moist air masses give rise to local storms which are associated with torrential rainfalls.

3. Southwest Monsoon Season

• Over 80% of the annual rainfall is received in the four rainy months of June- September.
• The Monsoon may burst in the first week of June in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra while in the interior parts of the country, it may be delayed to the first week of July.
• Monsoon rainfall is largely governed by relief or topography and rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea.

4. Retreating Monsoon

• By the end of September, the monsoon becomes weak in response to the southward march of the sun.
• The weather is dry in north India but is associated with rain in the eastern part of the peninsula.

Spatial Distribution

1. Areas of High rainfall (over 200 cm): Highest rainfall occurs along the mountain ranges obstructing the approaching moist winds, like the west coast, as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas in the northeast.

2. Areas of Medium rainfall (100-200 cm): In the southern parts of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, northeastern peninsula covering Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh, northern Ganga Plain along the sub-Himalayas and the Cachar Valley.

3. Areas of low rainfall (50-100 cm): Most of the regions having the effect of continentality like Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat and Deccan Plateau.

4. Areas of Inadequate rainfall (less than 50 cm): These are arid regions lying in the interior parts of the peninsula, especially in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, Ladakh and most of the Rajasthan.

In north India, rainfall decreases westwards and in peninsula India, except Tamil Nadu, it decreases eastwards.

Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today.
#GS1 # Geography
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since, I was not able to copy Map, I am uploading PDF file of Toda's answer also

Geography Answer 20th July

Use Keywords in answer to increase the marks

Warning to the students, don't go for cut, copy and paste

[Question 9, 21st July, 2020]

Dear Students, 
Please find below today's question for the daily answer writing practice:

"Shared Strategic concerns, deeper people-to-people contacts and economic ties are driving the Indo-Australia cooperation" Elaborate [10 marks, 150 words]

Please submit your answers before 8 pm @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss

Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today and no evaluation would be done after that.

#GS2 #IR
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[21st July 2020]: Daily Answer Writing Practice
"Shared Strategic concerns, deeper people-to-people contacts, and economic ties are driving the Indo-Australia cooperation" Elaborate [10 marks, 150 words] [#GS2 #IR]

Later half of the 20th century saw emergence of an indifference and sometimes hostility in Indo-Australian relations. This was mostly due to cold war politics, India’s Nuclear ambitions and absence of economic content in the bilateral ties.

This has changed over the last decade and the relations between the two countries has been intensifying mostly because of the following factors:
1) Strategic Reasons – China’s aggressive & assertive foreign policy; and vacillation of Trump led USA’s commitment to Indo-Pacific, have left middle powers like India and Australia worried. This has brought them closer which is clearly manifested in the recent upgradation of ties to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, Increased military exercises (e.g. AUSINDEX in 2019), upgradation of 2+2 dialogue to ministerial level, finalization of Mutual logistic support agreement and most importantly the beginning of Quad Security Dialogue.

2) Increased People to People Contact: Around 3% (more than 7,00,000) of Australia’s population is of Indian origin, more and more students from India are going to Australia for higher studies, Tourism and cultural contacts have also enhanced.

3) Economic Cooperation – Though, the current bilateral trade (around $20 billion) is way below potential, but both the countries see a bright economic future with each other. India Economy Strategy, 2035 – a report recently published by Australia have identified India as economic partner with highest potential in coming decades. The recent decision to resume discussions on Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement also reflects the same

The successful virtual summit in June 2020 was a manifestation of this strengthening of relations b/w the two countries. Dedicated attention and political leadership will take the bilateral ties to the next level.

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How to approach 10 marks and 15 marks Question

Hello all,
This is the first audio in the Answer Writing Series.
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Please listen it to.
I hope it will help you all.
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As stated in the audio, I am sharing the marksheet for all of you to understand the importance of anwer writing.

Daily Answer Writing Practice
[Question 10, 22nd July 2020]

Dear Students,
Please find below the question for daily answer writing practice for today.

Q10. What do you understand by patriarchy? Explain the difference in the manner in which it influences the rural and urban women respectively. [10 marks, 150 words]

Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today.

#GS1 #Society
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Q10. What do you understand by patriarchy? Explain the difference in the manner in which it influences the rural and urban women respectively. [10 marks, 150 words]

Patriarchy is a social institution marked by the supremacy of the male members. Fathers hold power over the families in general and male members exercise authority over female through property rights, social privileges and moral authority.

Although it affects all women in one way or another, its impact varies from place to place and class to class; and largely depends upon the difference in the nature of economic activities and the extent of traditional culture. In some way, its impact on urban and rural women is similar, while in other ways it's different.

• In rural areas, women generally live in joint families and are subjected to multiple structures of dominations. In city-based nuclear families, such domination is less acute.
• Many traditional patriarchal norms like dowry, child marriage, preference to male heir etc. are more prevalent in rural society compared to urban India.
• Patriarchy majorly works through the caste system in rural societies while in urban society, class norms dominate.
• Rural to urban migration of the male population leads to changes in the roles and responsibilities of women. They have to manage the household as well as agricultural activities. Yet they don’t assume the role of the head of the families in villages.
• Rural women rarely stay at home but they are principally engaged in unpaid labour (household as well as agricultural works). In cities, one finds middle-class women either stay at home or are engaged in all domains of work. However, such activities are paid employments.
• In villages, there is a trend of feminisation of agriculture while in the cities, the women tend to be segmented in certain service sector jobs more often.

However, as the cities generally provide better education, less societal control and paid employment, women get more options for social mobility and empowerment.

As the world gets more connected, various global feminist movements also make a direct impact in the cities first. Yet, it’s a long way to go to abolish completely the institution of patriarchy which is as old as human society.

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[Question 11, 23rd July, 2020]

Dear Students, 
Please find below today's question for the daily answer writing practice:

[Ques-11]: "Allowing private players to operate passenger trains in India will negatively hamper the inclusive and welfare approach of the Indian Railways" Critically Analyze [10 marks, 150 words]

Please submit your answers before 8 pm @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss

Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today and no evaluation would be done after that.

#GS3 #Economy
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Model Answer: [23rd July 2020]

[23rd July 2020][Ques-11]: "Allowing private players to operate passenger trains in India will negatively hamper the inclusive and welfare approach of the Railways" Critically Analyse [10 marks, 150 words]

Indian Railways have recently invited Request for Qualifications (RFQ) proposals for operation of passenger train services on 109 routes with 151 modern trains.

But, this initiative towards increasing the participation of private sector is facing criticism on the following grounds:
1) Profit Motive of private players will hamper inclusive and welfare approach of Indian Railways
2) Higher Fares may make private trains unsuitable for the poor and vulnerable
3) Private players may only be interested in running trains on busy and congested routes, and may ignore the remote and unserved areas.

But a careful analysis would negate the above concerns:
1) Operation by both public and private sector would promote competition and should hinder unfair fare increase.
2) More investment would mean more trains which would reduce demand supply deficit.
3) Efficient models of operations by private players may actually reduce cost of operations and provide better services.

Therefore, a liberalization of train services (not complete privatization) may actually be more inclusive and welfare oriented.

Government of India should also work towards setting up of an independent regulator and a route dispersal guideline (like that of airways sector). These would make operation of trains by private players more attractive and would make the services more inclusive for passengers

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