Q5 Polity.pdf
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Model Answer for Q5 Polity
#GS2 #Polity
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#GS2 #Polity
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
Hi all,
I request everyone of you to read the model answer even if you have not written the answer.
I will share something which will help you to write better answers.
I request everyone of you to read the model answer even if you have not written the answer.
I will share something which will help you to write better answers.
[Q5, 17 July 2020]
Q5. What do you understand by a transformational Constitution? Explain how the recent judgements by Indian Judiciary establish the Indian Constitution as a transformational document.
Answer:
A Constitution is a legal document that describes the basic principles of the state, the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act. Indian courts have viewed the Constitution as not merely an amalgam of parchment guarantees against state excesses, but as a document embodying a vision of a fairer, more inclusive and more progressive society.
A Transformational Constitution is one which guides the nation towards a resplendent future. It aims at transformation of the society for the better by understanding the spirit behind the constitutionalism and not merely the letters. It organically evolves with the society as an organic documents where citizens are not treated as subject but as agents.
Over the last few years, India has witnessed significant changes in its substantive law, ushered in by Indian Judiciary led by the Supreme Court rulings involving re-interpretations of the Constitution. Prominent examples in this regard include the Harsh Mander case that decriminalised begging, the NALSA judgment, which recognised the rights of the third gender; the Navtej Singh Johar case, which saw an end to decades of criminalisation of homosexuality; the decriminalisation of adultery; and even the Sabarimala judgment of 2018. The Supreme Court’s role as the custodian and interpreter of the Constitution has enabled it to bring about these changes, combined with the growing recognition of the Indian Constitution as a transformative, rather than rigid, document.
• In the Harsh Mander vs Union of India, the Delhi High Court decriminalized begging, by declaring unconstitutional several provisions of the Anti-Beggary Act – a colonial relic, on the ground of their inconsistency with Article 14 (the equality clause); Article 19(1)(a) (the free speech clause) and Article 21 (life and personal liberty clause) of the Indian Constitution.
• In the Navtej Singh Johar vs Union of India, the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code which criminalized voluntary sexual intercourse amongst same-sex individuals. In so doing, the Court viewed the Constitution as a “great social document, almost revolutionary in its aim of transforming a medieval, hierarchical society into a modern, egalitarian democracy.”
• In the Sabrimala case, the Supreme Court struck down a prohibition on the entry of women of menstruating age in the Sabarimala temple in Kerala. One judge in the majority, Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, offered a vision of the Constitution as being transformative in character, in setting up independent institutions of governance and granting the promise of full citizenship to those hitherto deprived and marginalized.
All these above transformational and progressive interpretation of the constitution establishes the notion that the Indian Constitution is a not conservative document (aimed only at facilitating transference of power), but tries to fundamentally transform the social and legal structures. Secondly, the Constitution should be viewed as embodying the hopes and aspirations of the society in which it was framed.
This vision of the constitution being a transformative document finds concrete expression in two ways. First, by the fact that it transformed the relationship between the individual and state from one between colonial rulers and their subjects to citizens of a republic with full panoply of civil and political rights. And second, by the fact that the Constitution enabled the reconstruction of State and society itself transforming the governance in the country.
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
#GS2 #Polity
Q5. What do you understand by a transformational Constitution? Explain how the recent judgements by Indian Judiciary establish the Indian Constitution as a transformational document.
Answer:
A Constitution is a legal document that describes the basic principles of the state, the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act. Indian courts have viewed the Constitution as not merely an amalgam of parchment guarantees against state excesses, but as a document embodying a vision of a fairer, more inclusive and more progressive society.
A Transformational Constitution is one which guides the nation towards a resplendent future. It aims at transformation of the society for the better by understanding the spirit behind the constitutionalism and not merely the letters. It organically evolves with the society as an organic documents where citizens are not treated as subject but as agents.
Over the last few years, India has witnessed significant changes in its substantive law, ushered in by Indian Judiciary led by the Supreme Court rulings involving re-interpretations of the Constitution. Prominent examples in this regard include the Harsh Mander case that decriminalised begging, the NALSA judgment, which recognised the rights of the third gender; the Navtej Singh Johar case, which saw an end to decades of criminalisation of homosexuality; the decriminalisation of adultery; and even the Sabarimala judgment of 2018. The Supreme Court’s role as the custodian and interpreter of the Constitution has enabled it to bring about these changes, combined with the growing recognition of the Indian Constitution as a transformative, rather than rigid, document.
• In the Harsh Mander vs Union of India, the Delhi High Court decriminalized begging, by declaring unconstitutional several provisions of the Anti-Beggary Act – a colonial relic, on the ground of their inconsistency with Article 14 (the equality clause); Article 19(1)(a) (the free speech clause) and Article 21 (life and personal liberty clause) of the Indian Constitution.
• In the Navtej Singh Johar vs Union of India, the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code which criminalized voluntary sexual intercourse amongst same-sex individuals. In so doing, the Court viewed the Constitution as a “great social document, almost revolutionary in its aim of transforming a medieval, hierarchical society into a modern, egalitarian democracy.”
• In the Sabrimala case, the Supreme Court struck down a prohibition on the entry of women of menstruating age in the Sabarimala temple in Kerala. One judge in the majority, Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, offered a vision of the Constitution as being transformative in character, in setting up independent institutions of governance and granting the promise of full citizenship to those hitherto deprived and marginalized.
All these above transformational and progressive interpretation of the constitution establishes the notion that the Indian Constitution is a not conservative document (aimed only at facilitating transference of power), but tries to fundamentally transform the social and legal structures. Secondly, the Constitution should be viewed as embodying the hopes and aspirations of the society in which it was framed.
This vision of the constitution being a transformative document finds concrete expression in two ways. First, by the fact that it transformed the relationship between the individual and state from one between colonial rulers and their subjects to citizens of a republic with full panoply of civil and political rights. And second, by the fact that the Constitution enabled the reconstruction of State and society itself transforming the governance in the country.
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
#GS2 #Polity
Hello students,
Here is something that I want all of you to read and rather understand.
The question given for today was a perfect example of the UPSC standard that we generally discuss. Now to answer such a question which needs conceptual clarity along with current affairs updates is sine quo non.
To answer it you need to understand-
1. That constitution can be transactional or transformational
2. Indian judiciary means , both the HC & SC
3. Civil rights propagated through the judiciary , especially through its power as ultimate interpretor of the constitution
4. Social equality, egalitarian society, dreams and aspirations of founding fathers etc.
Now there a few questions that pop up naturally in mind - How does one know all these things from the very first day she attempts to write an answer? Is this the correct time to attempt answer writing? Do I need to change my resources and rather read bulky difficult books.
The answer for all these above questions is - you have to write answers regularly. Mains is all about the art of writing good answers. If you can't put what is there inside your mind, the evaluators would never understand your extent of knowledge and understanding.
Now comes the next part - when should we start writing the answers.
The simple answer is the the day when you decided to get into the civil service preparation. If you can go back and start writing answer you can really change a lot for yourself. But since we are logical practical being, the answer is today.
Now comes, the most difficult part, do we need to know so many concepts before attempting a question.
The answer is, read the below questions-
1. What do you mean by constitutionalism?
2. Write the salient features of Indian constitution
3. Is the indian a rigid or flexible constitution/ is it organic in nature. If yes, how?
4. How is the role of judiciary important as final interpretor of the constitution
5. What were the aspirations of the founding fathers/ How the French revolution has shaped the Indian constitution etc etc.
These questions are very basic questions which a student can attempt to write even after a good understanding of a basic book, like Lakshmikanth.
Had you attempted such easy and direct questions in the first instance, you would have gained the conceptual clarity and framework to attempt today's question.
The idea is not to demoralise you, rather it is awaken you. Answer writing needs a lot of discipline and dedication. It is an art which can only be specialised by continuous practise.
Here, we intend to make it a discipline for all of you. So that your success in the prelims must not stop with mains. Rather, every opportunity of mains should be converted into an interview call and finally a rank.
Always remember - every change in the beginning is harder, messy in the middle and gorgeous at the end.
All the very best!
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
Here is something that I want all of you to read and rather understand.
The question given for today was a perfect example of the UPSC standard that we generally discuss. Now to answer such a question which needs conceptual clarity along with current affairs updates is sine quo non.
To answer it you need to understand-
1. That constitution can be transactional or transformational
2. Indian judiciary means , both the HC & SC
3. Civil rights propagated through the judiciary , especially through its power as ultimate interpretor of the constitution
4. Social equality, egalitarian society, dreams and aspirations of founding fathers etc.
Now there a few questions that pop up naturally in mind - How does one know all these things from the very first day she attempts to write an answer? Is this the correct time to attempt answer writing? Do I need to change my resources and rather read bulky difficult books.
The answer for all these above questions is - you have to write answers regularly. Mains is all about the art of writing good answers. If you can't put what is there inside your mind, the evaluators would never understand your extent of knowledge and understanding.
Now comes the next part - when should we start writing the answers.
The simple answer is the the day when you decided to get into the civil service preparation. If you can go back and start writing answer you can really change a lot for yourself. But since we are logical practical being, the answer is today.
Now comes, the most difficult part, do we need to know so many concepts before attempting a question.
The answer is, read the below questions-
1. What do you mean by constitutionalism?
2. Write the salient features of Indian constitution
3. Is the indian a rigid or flexible constitution/ is it organic in nature. If yes, how?
4. How is the role of judiciary important as final interpretor of the constitution
5. What were the aspirations of the founding fathers/ How the French revolution has shaped the Indian constitution etc etc.
These questions are very basic questions which a student can attempt to write even after a good understanding of a basic book, like Lakshmikanth.
Had you attempted such easy and direct questions in the first instance, you would have gained the conceptual clarity and framework to attempt today's question.
The idea is not to demoralise you, rather it is awaken you. Answer writing needs a lot of discipline and dedication. It is an art which can only be specialised by continuous practise.
Here, we intend to make it a discipline for all of you. So that your success in the prelims must not stop with mains. Rather, every opportunity of mains should be converted into an interview call and finally a rank.
Always remember - every change in the beginning is harder, messy in the middle and gorgeous at the end.
All the very best!
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
Daily Answer Writing Practice
[Question 6, 18th July]
Dear Students,
Please find below the question for daily answer writing practice for today
Q6. What do you understand by de-industrialisation? Discuss it's impact on Indian economy during colonial era. [15 marks, 250 words]
Model Answer will be posted after 8 PM today.
#GS1 #History
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
[Question 6, 18th July]
Dear Students,
Please find below the question for daily answer writing practice for today
Q6. What do you understand by de-industrialisation? Discuss it's impact on Indian economy during colonial era. [15 marks, 250 words]
Model Answer will be posted after 8 PM today.
#GS1 #History
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
Q6 History(1).pdf
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Model Answer for Q6 History
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#GS1 #History
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#GS1 #History
Q6. What do you understand by de-industrialisation? Discuss its impact on Indian economy during colonial era. [15 marks, 250 words]
The increasing political and economic subjugation of India to Britain since the middle of the eighteenth century had pronounced impact on the Indian economy. The process of a continued and marked industrial decline, esp. traditional craft industries, is referred to as the 'de-industrialization' of the Indian economy.
The large scale de-industrialisation brought adverse and far reaching impacts on trade, industry, employment and agriculture as follows:
• Huge inflow of cheap machine-made Lancashire textiles after 1810s-1820s led to fall in the output of the domestically produced cotton. Following de-industrialisation, India's share of the global economy had dropped to approximately 4% in the 1950s from around 20-25% before the arrival of the British. India was transformed into an importer of manufactured products and an exporter of agricultural commodities.
• Flood of British goods into India, which led to the decline of traditional artisanal production and the decline in the earnings and employment of spinners, weavers, and leather workers, specially the former.
• Ruined handicrafts led to the declining cities and migration of people back to the villages. The process of ruralisation took place. Some migrated to other cities in search of work, and yet others went out of the country to work in plantations in Africa and South America.
• There was also a change in the overall occupational structure. Skilled labourers now became dependent on agriculture as employment opportunities reduced. It led to growing pressure and land, decreasing its productivity due to land holding fragmentation, excessive cultivation and low-grade and infertile land. Relentless extraction policy of the colonial government pushed these peasants into indebtedness.
Conclusion 1 – De-industrialisation played an important role in the underdevelopment and increasing poverty of the country. The miserable conditions of the weavers, the greater dependence on agriculture and decline in living standards of the general population, and the greater incidence of famines in India in the 19th century were consequences of the process of de-industrialisation.
Conclusion 2 – It is presumed that the handicraft must go down before the growth of machine as part of the price of modernization. In England, however, the suffering caused by the decline of handicrafts was counterbalanced fairly soon by the much greater employment effect of factory industries. In the Indian colonial case, the artisans were made to shoulder the burden of progress being achieved in a country six thousand miles away, since the growth of Indian factories was non-existent before the 1850s and 1860s and painfully slow even afterwards.
Conclusion 3 – The sufferings of artisans was a significant factor in many movements. It stimulated patriotic sentiments among intellectuals alike in the Moderate, Extremist and Gandhian eras. Indian Nationalists used the destruction of Indian craft industries under early British rule to substantiate their point that India was being exploited under British rule, and formulate the critique of the British colonial rule. More directly it led to occasional urban and rural explosions of various types.
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
#GS1 #History
The increasing political and economic subjugation of India to Britain since the middle of the eighteenth century had pronounced impact on the Indian economy. The process of a continued and marked industrial decline, esp. traditional craft industries, is referred to as the 'de-industrialization' of the Indian economy.
The large scale de-industrialisation brought adverse and far reaching impacts on trade, industry, employment and agriculture as follows:
• Huge inflow of cheap machine-made Lancashire textiles after 1810s-1820s led to fall in the output of the domestically produced cotton. Following de-industrialisation, India's share of the global economy had dropped to approximately 4% in the 1950s from around 20-25% before the arrival of the British. India was transformed into an importer of manufactured products and an exporter of agricultural commodities.
• Flood of British goods into India, which led to the decline of traditional artisanal production and the decline in the earnings and employment of spinners, weavers, and leather workers, specially the former.
• Ruined handicrafts led to the declining cities and migration of people back to the villages. The process of ruralisation took place. Some migrated to other cities in search of work, and yet others went out of the country to work in plantations in Africa and South America.
• There was also a change in the overall occupational structure. Skilled labourers now became dependent on agriculture as employment opportunities reduced. It led to growing pressure and land, decreasing its productivity due to land holding fragmentation, excessive cultivation and low-grade and infertile land. Relentless extraction policy of the colonial government pushed these peasants into indebtedness.
Conclusion 1 – De-industrialisation played an important role in the underdevelopment and increasing poverty of the country. The miserable conditions of the weavers, the greater dependence on agriculture and decline in living standards of the general population, and the greater incidence of famines in India in the 19th century were consequences of the process of de-industrialisation.
Conclusion 2 – It is presumed that the handicraft must go down before the growth of machine as part of the price of modernization. In England, however, the suffering caused by the decline of handicrafts was counterbalanced fairly soon by the much greater employment effect of factory industries. In the Indian colonial case, the artisans were made to shoulder the burden of progress being achieved in a country six thousand miles away, since the growth of Indian factories was non-existent before the 1850s and 1860s and painfully slow even afterwards.
Conclusion 3 – The sufferings of artisans was a significant factor in many movements. It stimulated patriotic sentiments among intellectuals alike in the Moderate, Extremist and Gandhian eras. Indian Nationalists used the destruction of Indian craft industries under early British rule to substantiate their point that India was being exploited under British rule, and formulate the critique of the British colonial rule. More directly it led to occasional urban and rural explosions of various types.
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
#GS1 #History
Causes and Process of de-industrialisation:
• With the loss of independence, the urban luxury manufactures like the high quality silks and cottons of Dacca or Murshidabad were hit first, by the almost simultaneous collapse of indigenous court demand and the external market on which these had largely depended.
• Other urban industries died with refusal of export industry by the British parliament, exploitation by merchant capital as well as extractive and monopolistic practices of the Company in India.
• There was increased inflow of British manufactured goods into the country especially after 1813 when the charter of the East India Company was amended. With the development of the railways in India in the second half of the 19th century the process of the destruction of artisanal production was speeded up because of the availability of cheap transportation for bulk goods.
• The British colonial rulers followed a policy of free trade, which enabled the products of the Lancashire cotton industry to enter the Indian market without the payment of customs duties. It destroyed traditional industry and restricted the opportunities for the growth of modern large-scale industry in India.
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
#GS1 #History
• With the loss of independence, the urban luxury manufactures like the high quality silks and cottons of Dacca or Murshidabad were hit first, by the almost simultaneous collapse of indigenous court demand and the external market on which these had largely depended.
• Other urban industries died with refusal of export industry by the British parliament, exploitation by merchant capital as well as extractive and monopolistic practices of the Company in India.
• There was increased inflow of British manufactured goods into the country especially after 1813 when the charter of the East India Company was amended. With the development of the railways in India in the second half of the 19th century the process of the destruction of artisanal production was speeded up because of the availability of cheap transportation for bulk goods.
• The British colonial rulers followed a policy of free trade, which enabled the products of the Lancashire cotton industry to enter the Indian market without the payment of customs duties. It destroyed traditional industry and restricted the opportunities for the growth of modern large-scale industry in India.
Join for daily answer writing practice for UPSC Mains @AnswerWritingDaily
#GS1 #History
[Question 7, 19th July, 2020]
Dear Students,
Please find below today's question for the daily answer writing practice:
Q7. What is environmental nanotechnology? Discuss with suitable examples [10 marks, 150 words]
Please submit your answers before 8 pm @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today and no evaluation would be done after that.
#GS3 #Science
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Dear Students,
Please find below today's question for the daily answer writing practice:
Q7. What is environmental nanotechnology? Discuss with suitable examples [10 marks, 150 words]
Please submit your answers before 8 pm @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today and no evaluation would be done after that.
#GS3 #Science
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Telegram
Answer Writing - UPSC Mains
Through this channel we will provide one question everyday at 10 am. Students can discuss answers and give feedback to each other through the associated group.
Join here for submission, evaluation, discussion, feedback @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
Join here for submission, evaluation, discussion, feedback @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
[19th July 2020]: [Model Answer] What is environmental nanotechnology? Discuss with suitable examples [10 marks, 150 words]
Environmental nanotechnology refers to use of nanotech products, processes and applications for environmental and climate protection.
It may contribute by cleaning the pollutants, reducing the pollutants, making our devices more efficient and reducing cost of green technologies.
Examples of environmental nanotechnology:
i. Ensuring Potable Drinking Water – Use of Graphene based water filters are expected to increase the accessibility of clean drinking water in coming future
ii. Removing pollutants from water
♣ Cleaning up organic chemicals polluting ground water
Iron nanoparticles can be used to effectively clean-up organic solvents that are polluting the ground water. The nanoparticles disperse throughout the water and decompose the organic solvents in place. This method is more effective and costs significantly less than treatment methods that require the water to be pumped out of ground.
♣ Cleaning up of oil spills
Using photocatalytic cooper tungsten oxide nanoparticles to break down oil into bio-degradable compounds.
iii. Generating Less pollution during manufacturing of materials
♣ E.g. Use of silver nano particles as catalysts can significantly reduce the polluting by products in the process used to manufacture propylene oxide.
iv. Producing solar cells that generate electricity at competitive cost
♣ E.g. Silicon nanowires embedded in a polymer result in low cost but high efficiency solar cells.
v. Increasing the electricity generated by windmills
♣ E.g. use of carbon nanotubes in windmill blades results in stronger and lower weight windmill blades. This helps in more amount of electricity generated by each windmill.
vi. Reducing cost of fuel cells
♣ Changing the spacing of platinum atom in fuel cells increases the catalytic ability of the platinum. This allows the fuel cells to function with 80% less platinum, significantly reducing the cost of the fuel cells.
Conclusion: Nanotechnology is thus brimming with potential solutions for various environmental and climate change related issues being faced by India. It’s high time that India’s Mission on Nano Science and Technology is restructured to include R&D in the field of environment as one of its key goals.
#GS3 # Science and Technology
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Question posted at 8 am daily, Model Answer at 8 pm.
Environmental nanotechnology refers to use of nanotech products, processes and applications for environmental and climate protection.
It may contribute by cleaning the pollutants, reducing the pollutants, making our devices more efficient and reducing cost of green technologies.
Examples of environmental nanotechnology:
i. Ensuring Potable Drinking Water – Use of Graphene based water filters are expected to increase the accessibility of clean drinking water in coming future
ii. Removing pollutants from water
♣ Cleaning up organic chemicals polluting ground water
Iron nanoparticles can be used to effectively clean-up organic solvents that are polluting the ground water. The nanoparticles disperse throughout the water and decompose the organic solvents in place. This method is more effective and costs significantly less than treatment methods that require the water to be pumped out of ground.
♣ Cleaning up of oil spills
Using photocatalytic cooper tungsten oxide nanoparticles to break down oil into bio-degradable compounds.
iii. Generating Less pollution during manufacturing of materials
♣ E.g. Use of silver nano particles as catalysts can significantly reduce the polluting by products in the process used to manufacture propylene oxide.
iv. Producing solar cells that generate electricity at competitive cost
♣ E.g. Silicon nanowires embedded in a polymer result in low cost but high efficiency solar cells.
v. Increasing the electricity generated by windmills
♣ E.g. use of carbon nanotubes in windmill blades results in stronger and lower weight windmill blades. This helps in more amount of electricity generated by each windmill.
vi. Reducing cost of fuel cells
♣ Changing the spacing of platinum atom in fuel cells increases the catalytic ability of the platinum. This allows the fuel cells to function with 80% less platinum, significantly reducing the cost of the fuel cells.
Conclusion: Nanotechnology is thus brimming with potential solutions for various environmental and climate change related issues being faced by India. It’s high time that India’s Mission on Nano Science and Technology is restructured to include R&D in the field of environment as one of its key goals.
#GS3 # Science and Technology
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Question posted at 8 am daily, Model Answer at 8 pm.
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Through this channel we will provide one question everyday at 10 am. Students can discuss answers and give feedback to each other through the associated group.
Join here for submission, evaluation, discussion, feedback @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
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Daily Answer Writing Practice
[Question 8, 20th July 2020]
Dear Students,
Please find below the question for daily answer writing practice for today.
Q 8. Monsoon pattern has been changing in recent years in India. Examine. Discuss the temporal and Spatial variation of rainfall in India. (250 words, 15 marks).
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today.
#GS1 #Geography
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[Question 8, 20th July 2020]
Dear Students,
Please find below the question for daily answer writing practice for today.
Q 8. Monsoon pattern has been changing in recent years in India. Examine. Discuss the temporal and Spatial variation of rainfall in India. (250 words, 15 marks).
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today.
#GS1 #Geography
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Telegram
Answer Writing - UPSC Mains
Through this channel we will provide one question everyday at 10 am. Students can discuss answers and give feedback to each other through the associated group.
Join here for submission, evaluation, discussion, feedback @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
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[Question 8, 20th July 2020]
Q 8. Monsoon pattern has been changing in recent years in India. Examine. Discuss the temporal and Spatial variation of rainfall in India. (250 words, 15 marks).
Monsoon refers to a system of wind in which there is a complete reversal of direction with the change of season. There is a consensus that monsoon in India is changing in terms of intensity, duration, frequency and spatial distribution:
1. The frequency of floods in the northwest and northeast while rainfall deficit in the south has increased.
2. Rainfall extremes have increased threefold over the last few years.
3. The onset of the monsoon has been delayed due to a regime shift in climate i-e from a weak to strong EI Nino period.
4. Monsoon has also been ending sooner thereby reducing the length of the rainy season.
5. Monsoon seasons are witnessing random ‘break periods’ when there is little to no rainfall.
There are various reasons for the change in the Monsoon pattern:
1. Frequent El-Nino and La-Nina, The Indian Ocean dipole, and the Atlantic Nino.
2. ‘Break periods’ are associated with rainfall system moving northwards from the equatorial region.
3. The high rate of deforestation.
4. The ripple effects of global warming and climate change.
Thus, it becomes important for India to work towards restoring the balance of nature in collaboration with other countries, so that monsoon pattern does not change permanently.
The average annual rainfall is about 125 cm, but it has great spatial and temporal variations.
Temporal Variation
The distribution of rainfall varies temporally as per annual cycle of seasons. The meteorologists recognized four seasons. The rainfall in these seasons varies in the following manner:
1. Cold Weather Season
• Some weak temperate cyclones from Mediterranean Sea cause rainfall in north-western India, which are called Western Disturbances.
• Little rainfall in some parts of India.
2. Hot Weather Season
• A sudden contact between dry and moist air masses give rise to local storms which are associated with torrential rainfalls.
3. Southwest Monsoon Season
• Over 80% of the annual rainfall is received in the four rainy months of June- September.
• The Monsoon may burst in the first week of June in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra while in the interior parts of the country, it may be delayed to the first week of July.
• Monsoon rainfall is largely governed by relief or topography and rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea.
4. Retreating Monsoon
• By the end of September, the monsoon becomes weak in response to the southward march of the sun.
• The weather is dry in north India but is associated with rain in the eastern part of the peninsula.
Spatial Distribution
1. Areas of High rainfall (over 200 cm): Highest rainfall occurs along the mountain ranges obstructing the approaching moist winds, like the west coast, as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas in the northeast.
2. Areas of Medium rainfall (100-200 cm): In the southern parts of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, northeastern peninsula covering Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh, northern Ganga Plain along the sub-Himalayas and the Cachar Valley.
3. Areas of low rainfall (50-100 cm): Most of the regions having the effect of continentality like Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat and Deccan Plateau.
4. Areas of Inadequate rainfall (less than 50 cm): These are arid regions lying in the interior parts of the peninsula, especially in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, Ladakh and most of the Rajasthan.
In north India, rainfall decreases westwards and in peninsula India, except Tamil Nadu, it decreases eastwards.
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today.
#GS1 # Geography
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Q 8. Monsoon pattern has been changing in recent years in India. Examine. Discuss the temporal and Spatial variation of rainfall in India. (250 words, 15 marks).
Monsoon refers to a system of wind in which there is a complete reversal of direction with the change of season. There is a consensus that monsoon in India is changing in terms of intensity, duration, frequency and spatial distribution:
1. The frequency of floods in the northwest and northeast while rainfall deficit in the south has increased.
2. Rainfall extremes have increased threefold over the last few years.
3. The onset of the monsoon has been delayed due to a regime shift in climate i-e from a weak to strong EI Nino period.
4. Monsoon has also been ending sooner thereby reducing the length of the rainy season.
5. Monsoon seasons are witnessing random ‘break periods’ when there is little to no rainfall.
There are various reasons for the change in the Monsoon pattern:
1. Frequent El-Nino and La-Nina, The Indian Ocean dipole, and the Atlantic Nino.
2. ‘Break periods’ are associated with rainfall system moving northwards from the equatorial region.
3. The high rate of deforestation.
4. The ripple effects of global warming and climate change.
Thus, it becomes important for India to work towards restoring the balance of nature in collaboration with other countries, so that monsoon pattern does not change permanently.
The average annual rainfall is about 125 cm, but it has great spatial and temporal variations.
Temporal Variation
The distribution of rainfall varies temporally as per annual cycle of seasons. The meteorologists recognized four seasons. The rainfall in these seasons varies in the following manner:
1. Cold Weather Season
• Some weak temperate cyclones from Mediterranean Sea cause rainfall in north-western India, which are called Western Disturbances.
• Little rainfall in some parts of India.
2. Hot Weather Season
• A sudden contact between dry and moist air masses give rise to local storms which are associated with torrential rainfalls.
3. Southwest Monsoon Season
• Over 80% of the annual rainfall is received in the four rainy months of June- September.
• The Monsoon may burst in the first week of June in the coastal areas of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra while in the interior parts of the country, it may be delayed to the first week of July.
• Monsoon rainfall is largely governed by relief or topography and rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea.
4. Retreating Monsoon
• By the end of September, the monsoon becomes weak in response to the southward march of the sun.
• The weather is dry in north India but is associated with rain in the eastern part of the peninsula.
Spatial Distribution
1. Areas of High rainfall (over 200 cm): Highest rainfall occurs along the mountain ranges obstructing the approaching moist winds, like the west coast, as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas in the northeast.
2. Areas of Medium rainfall (100-200 cm): In the southern parts of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, northeastern peninsula covering Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh, northern Ganga Plain along the sub-Himalayas and the Cachar Valley.
3. Areas of low rainfall (50-100 cm): Most of the regions having the effect of continentality like Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat and Deccan Plateau.
4. Areas of Inadequate rainfall (less than 50 cm): These are arid regions lying in the interior parts of the peninsula, especially in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, Ladakh and most of the Rajasthan.
In north India, rainfall decreases westwards and in peninsula India, except Tamil Nadu, it decreases eastwards.
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#GS1 # Geography
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[Question 9, 21st July, 2020]
Dear Students,
Please find below today's question for the daily answer writing practice:
"Shared Strategic concerns, deeper people-to-people contacts and economic ties are driving the Indo-Australia cooperation" Elaborate [10 marks, 150 words]
Please submit your answers before 8 pm @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today and no evaluation would be done after that.
#GS2 #IR
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Dear Students,
Please find below today's question for the daily answer writing practice:
"Shared Strategic concerns, deeper people-to-people contacts and economic ties are driving the Indo-Australia cooperation" Elaborate [10 marks, 150 words]
Please submit your answers before 8 pm @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
Model Answer would be posted after 8 pm today and no evaluation would be done after that.
#GS2 #IR
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
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Through this channel we will provide one question everyday at 10 am. Students can discuss answers and give feedback to each other through the associated group.
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[21st July 2020]: Daily Answer Writing Practice
"Shared Strategic concerns, deeper people-to-people contacts, and economic ties are driving the Indo-Australia cooperation" Elaborate [10 marks, 150 words] [#GS2 #IR]
Later half of the 20th century saw emergence of an indifference and sometimes hostility in Indo-Australian relations. This was mostly due to cold war politics, India’s Nuclear ambitions and absence of economic content in the bilateral ties.
This has changed over the last decade and the relations between the two countries has been intensifying mostly because of the following factors:
1) Strategic Reasons – China’s aggressive & assertive foreign policy; and vacillation of Trump led USA’s commitment to Indo-Pacific, have left middle powers like India and Australia worried. This has brought them closer which is clearly manifested in the recent upgradation of ties to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, Increased military exercises (e.g. AUSINDEX in 2019), upgradation of 2+2 dialogue to ministerial level, finalization of Mutual logistic support agreement and most importantly the beginning of Quad Security Dialogue.
2) Increased People to People Contact: Around 3% (more than 7,00,000) of Australia’s population is of Indian origin, more and more students from India are going to Australia for higher studies, Tourism and cultural contacts have also enhanced.
3) Economic Cooperation – Though, the current bilateral trade (around $20 billion) is way below potential, but both the countries see a bright economic future with each other. India Economy Strategy, 2035 – a report recently published by Australia have identified India as economic partner with highest potential in coming decades. The recent decision to resume discussions on Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement also reflects the same
The successful virtual summit in June 2020 was a manifestation of this strengthening of relations b/w the two countries. Dedicated attention and political leadership will take the bilateral ties to the next level.
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
"Shared Strategic concerns, deeper people-to-people contacts, and economic ties are driving the Indo-Australia cooperation" Elaborate [10 marks, 150 words] [#GS2 #IR]
Later half of the 20th century saw emergence of an indifference and sometimes hostility in Indo-Australian relations. This was mostly due to cold war politics, India’s Nuclear ambitions and absence of economic content in the bilateral ties.
This has changed over the last decade and the relations between the two countries has been intensifying mostly because of the following factors:
1) Strategic Reasons – China’s aggressive & assertive foreign policy; and vacillation of Trump led USA’s commitment to Indo-Pacific, have left middle powers like India and Australia worried. This has brought them closer which is clearly manifested in the recent upgradation of ties to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, Increased military exercises (e.g. AUSINDEX in 2019), upgradation of 2+2 dialogue to ministerial level, finalization of Mutual logistic support agreement and most importantly the beginning of Quad Security Dialogue.
2) Increased People to People Contact: Around 3% (more than 7,00,000) of Australia’s population is of Indian origin, more and more students from India are going to Australia for higher studies, Tourism and cultural contacts have also enhanced.
3) Economic Cooperation – Though, the current bilateral trade (around $20 billion) is way below potential, but both the countries see a bright economic future with each other. India Economy Strategy, 2035 – a report recently published by Australia have identified India as economic partner with highest potential in coming decades. The recent decision to resume discussions on Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement also reflects the same
The successful virtual summit in June 2020 was a manifestation of this strengthening of relations b/w the two countries. Dedicated attention and political leadership will take the bilateral ties to the next level.
Join For Daily Answer Writing Practice for UPSC Mains: https://t.me/AnswerWritingDaily
Telegram
Answer Writing - UPSC Mains
Through this channel we will provide one question everyday at 10 am. Students can discuss answers and give feedback to each other through the associated group.
Join here for submission, evaluation, discussion, feedback @AnswerWritingDailyDiscuss
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