SERGEI born 1790, had youngers brothers
[the textile manufacturing - see also ARMAND:
DMITRII P. Shipov - a governor;
and Pavel born ca 1795/1800;
and maybe the serf entrepreneur Nikolai Shipov SENIOR roamed the Russian Empire in 1813 until 1844].
Nikolai P. Shipov owned to 1903 the Ostashevo estate (his son Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov b. on 14 May 1851 - d. 14 January 1920). His brother Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919) was an Imperial Russian Politician.
Mentioned Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov (14 May 1851 - 14 January 1920) was a Russian liberal Slavophile politician of the 19th and 20th century. Shipov acted as a political mentor of Georgy Lvov, Russia's future first Prime Minister.
see:
Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818–1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ...
In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandström, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers
... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnström and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin’s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. ... During his initial period in Baku (1879- 1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred Törnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ...
Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing onboard the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...
he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time)].
5.
K. K. ROMANOV in 1903 until 1915
[Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, born 1858 in Strelna - d. 1915 in Pavlovsk, was a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia; a poet and playwright. He wrote under the pen name "K.R.", initials of his given name and family name, Konstantin Romanov.
Konstantin Romanov / Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich was the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich of Russia.
[the textile manufacturing - see also ARMAND:
DMITRII P. Shipov - a governor;
and Pavel born ca 1795/1800;
and maybe the serf entrepreneur Nikolai Shipov SENIOR roamed the Russian Empire in 1813 until 1844].
Nikolai P. Shipov owned to 1903 the Ostashevo estate (his son Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov b. on 14 May 1851 - d. 14 January 1920). His brother Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919) was an Imperial Russian Politician.
Mentioned Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov (14 May 1851 - 14 January 1920) was a Russian liberal Slavophile politician of the 19th and 20th century. Shipov acted as a political mentor of Georgy Lvov, Russia's future first Prime Minister.
see:
Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818–1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ...
In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandström, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers
... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnström and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin’s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. ... During his initial period in Baku (1879- 1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred Törnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ...
Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing onboard the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...
he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time)].
5.
K. K. ROMANOV in 1903 until 1915
[Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, born 1858 in Strelna - d. 1915 in Pavlovsk, was a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia; a poet and playwright. He wrote under the pen name "K.R.", initials of his given name and family name, Konstantin Romanov.
Konstantin Romanov / Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich was the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich of Russia.
Konstantin Nikolaevich had a brothers:
1.
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, 1831 - 25 April 1891, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 [see General ARTUR Niepokojczycki].
2.
And Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862- 1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi, the town which most of his children remembered as the home of their childhood];
6.
in 1915, a merchant and philanthropist A. G. Kuznetsov
[Aleksandr Gennad'evich Kuznetsov / Kuznetsov Aleksandr Genadjevich or Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov
- "...in Mansurovsky Lane in the heart of Moscow, architect Alexander Kuznetsov built himself a mansion with an entrance gate {in 1915} ... The house owner received guests: the famous Russian modernist architect Fyodor Shekhtel, and constructivist architect Konstantin Melnikov. After the revolution, Kuznetsov was found building a factory on the outskirts of the Soviet Union, and was jailed ... Russian tea merchant, Alexander Kuznetsov and Co, Moscow, had a factory in Hankou, China {see CEYLON !}, the offices in MOSCOW and IRKUTSK.
Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov,
was the tea magnate of Imperial Russia, named and purchased the 239 foot steam yacht 'Foros' in Scotland on the 9th June 1891. Designed by the Glasgow yacht architect Thomas Lennox Watson, Foros took the name from the southernmost Crimean resort made popular by Kuznetsov through the development of his estate there. Guest on board the yacht was in 1896 Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
{GEORGE died in 1899 in Abastumani, Georgia - was the third son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. Grandson of Emperor Alexander II and his first wife Marie of Hesse - a daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Wilhelmine of Baden. Marie of Hesse was the granddaughter of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, the great-granddaughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt / Ludwig IX von Hessen-Darmstadt, 1719 in Darmstadt - 1790 in Pirmasens (compare JOHANN STARCK in 1781 back to Darmstadt)}.
We remember about Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow. In 1840 acc. to Cosroe Dusi: "... May 30. This morning began the portrait of Countess Josephine Kalinovskaya / Jozefina Kalinowska ... 1840, June, the 27. This morning the family Branicki leaves with Countess Kalinovsky. They ordered me a portrait of an older sister, who is married to General Plautin / Plautyn and lives in Tsarskoye Selo. And Olga Kalynovska / Kalinowska goes away from court, to his native Poland, where she get married; Alexander agrees to marry Mary Hesse-Darmstadt...".
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861 was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia
{Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862-1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi};
in 1862, the family moved to Tiflis, Georgia on the occasion of his father's being named Viceroy of the Caucasus; Grand Duke Michael spent his early years in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years; served in the Russo-Turkish War and became a Colonel. In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg, acc. to Wikipedia. In 1888, he had an affair with Princess Walewski; later, with Countess Catherine Nikolaevna Ignatieva daughter of Minister of Interior, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev.
In 1900, moved to Keele Hall, in Staffordshire, close to Newcastle-under-Lyme;
visitor of North Berwick in Scotland {east to Edynburg}, and
in the south of France, Cannes where he met his sister Anastasia and in 1903 his father, also brother Alexander and his family;
he moved with his family to Hampstead in 1909 and every year Grand Duke Michael would visit Edward VII at Windsor Castle, Sandringham and Buckingham Palace
1.
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, 1831 - 25 April 1891, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 [see General ARTUR Niepokojczycki].
2.
And Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862- 1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi, the town which most of his children remembered as the home of their childhood];
6.
in 1915, a merchant and philanthropist A. G. Kuznetsov
[Aleksandr Gennad'evich Kuznetsov / Kuznetsov Aleksandr Genadjevich or Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov
- "...in Mansurovsky Lane in the heart of Moscow, architect Alexander Kuznetsov built himself a mansion with an entrance gate {in 1915} ... The house owner received guests: the famous Russian modernist architect Fyodor Shekhtel, and constructivist architect Konstantin Melnikov. After the revolution, Kuznetsov was found building a factory on the outskirts of the Soviet Union, and was jailed ... Russian tea merchant, Alexander Kuznetsov and Co, Moscow, had a factory in Hankou, China {see CEYLON !}, the offices in MOSCOW and IRKUTSK.
Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov,
was the tea magnate of Imperial Russia, named and purchased the 239 foot steam yacht 'Foros' in Scotland on the 9th June 1891. Designed by the Glasgow yacht architect Thomas Lennox Watson, Foros took the name from the southernmost Crimean resort made popular by Kuznetsov through the development of his estate there. Guest on board the yacht was in 1896 Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
{GEORGE died in 1899 in Abastumani, Georgia - was the third son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. Grandson of Emperor Alexander II and his first wife Marie of Hesse - a daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Wilhelmine of Baden. Marie of Hesse was the granddaughter of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, the great-granddaughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt / Ludwig IX von Hessen-Darmstadt, 1719 in Darmstadt - 1790 in Pirmasens (compare JOHANN STARCK in 1781 back to Darmstadt)}.
We remember about Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow. In 1840 acc. to Cosroe Dusi: "... May 30. This morning began the portrait of Countess Josephine Kalinovskaya / Jozefina Kalinowska ... 1840, June, the 27. This morning the family Branicki leaves with Countess Kalinovsky. They ordered me a portrait of an older sister, who is married to General Plautin / Plautyn and lives in Tsarskoye Selo. And Olga Kalynovska / Kalinowska goes away from court, to his native Poland, where she get married; Alexander agrees to marry Mary Hesse-Darmstadt...".
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861 was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia
{Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862-1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi};
in 1862, the family moved to Tiflis, Georgia on the occasion of his father's being named Viceroy of the Caucasus; Grand Duke Michael spent his early years in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years; served in the Russo-Turkish War and became a Colonel. In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg, acc. to Wikipedia. In 1888, he had an affair with Princess Walewski; later, with Countess Catherine Nikolaevna Ignatieva daughter of Minister of Interior, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev.
In 1900, moved to Keele Hall, in Staffordshire, close to Newcastle-under-Lyme;
visitor of North Berwick in Scotland {east to Edynburg}, and
in the south of France, Cannes where he met his sister Anastasia and in 1903 his father, also brother Alexander and his family;
he moved with his family to Hampstead in 1909 and every year Grand Duke Michael would visit Edward VII at Windsor Castle, Sandringham and Buckingham Palace
{Edward VII born in 1841, the son of Victoria b. 1819, was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland - she was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn [the TEMPLARS], the fourth son of King George III / George William Frederick, b. 1738. GEORGE III was the grandson of King George II}.
In 1912, Grand Duke Michael was with a visit in Russia. 1914 as an agent for Russian loans in France.
On 31 October 1916 he "...wrote to Tsar Nicholas II warning him that British secret agents in Russia were expecting a revolution".
And (by Wikipedia) "General Erich Ludendorff, Generalquartiermeister and joint head (with von Hindenburg) of Germany's war effort, stated that Russian communist elements working against the Tsar had betrayed Kitchener's travel plans to Germany. He stated that Kitchener was killed 'because of his ability', as it was feared he would help the tsarist Russian Army to recover...".
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia after November 1917 moved to Regent's Park. In 1916 his youngest daughter, Nadejda (Nada) married Prince George of Battenberg, eldest son of Prince Louis by Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse-Darmstadt. Anastasia (Zia), the eldest daughter, in 1917 married Sir Harold Wernher. Michael Mikhailovich and his wife returned to Cannes in 1923, and died in 1929.
Note:
Johann August Starck / Stark (1741 - 1816)
- Immanuel Kant and Johann Georg Hamann were among his acquaintances in Königsberg. In 1776 went to Mitau [Courland; at margin see Komorowski] and took place here as professor of philosophy until 1781 when he back to Darmstadt.
1767 or 1768 - J. A. von Stark / STARCK has established a new sect, which grew out of Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar;
he was in 1761 initiated into a French freemasonry lodge at Göttingen but
left for St. Petersburg in 1761, while teaching in St. Petersburg, Starck had met a Greek by the name of Pyotr Ivanovich Melissinos = Count Peter Melesino / Melissino, 1726-97, a lieutenant-general in the Russian Imperial Army, and whose order of freemasonry claimed the clerics of the Templar Knights
{"... Melissinos arrived in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great and ended his career as Vice-President of the Commerce Collegium in 1740-45.
During the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774, Pyotr Melissino was in charge of the Russian artillery.
... In 1783, he was appointed Director of the Artillery and Engineering Corps in St. Petersburg. ... Melissino was instrumental in promoting the career of one of Paul's favourites, Aleksey Arakcheyev. His son Aleksey Melissino, a Major General, was killed in the Battle of Dresden (1813). His brother, Ivan Melissino, was Dean of the Moscow University under Catherine the Great. Starck had met a Greek by the name of Count Peter Melesino (or 'Melissino'; 1726-97), a lieutenant-general};
then traveled to Paris in 1765 and obtained a position at the royal library;
back to Germany, in Wismar (1766-8). Starck promoted the clerical brand of Templarism.
Alexandrine Bacheracht nee Hutten-Czapska / Alieksandra Kolemin, wife of Wilhelm Bacheracht, ex-wife of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse- Darmstadt;
sister of Henryka Julia Plater-Zyberk.
Mentioned above Alexandrine Bacheracht nee Hutten-Czapska / Alieksandra Kolemin / Hutten-Czapski Alexandra b. 1854 / 1853 - d. 1941, the 1st husband Kolemin; then entered into a morganatic marriage with the Grand Duke of Hesse Ludwig IV b. 1837;
In 1912, Grand Duke Michael was with a visit in Russia. 1914 as an agent for Russian loans in France.
On 31 October 1916 he "...wrote to Tsar Nicholas II warning him that British secret agents in Russia were expecting a revolution".
And (by Wikipedia) "General Erich Ludendorff, Generalquartiermeister and joint head (with von Hindenburg) of Germany's war effort, stated that Russian communist elements working against the Tsar had betrayed Kitchener's travel plans to Germany. He stated that Kitchener was killed 'because of his ability', as it was feared he would help the tsarist Russian Army to recover...".
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia after November 1917 moved to Regent's Park. In 1916 his youngest daughter, Nadejda (Nada) married Prince George of Battenberg, eldest son of Prince Louis by Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse-Darmstadt. Anastasia (Zia), the eldest daughter, in 1917 married Sir Harold Wernher. Michael Mikhailovich and his wife returned to Cannes in 1923, and died in 1929.
Note:
Johann August Starck / Stark (1741 - 1816)
- Immanuel Kant and Johann Georg Hamann were among his acquaintances in Königsberg. In 1776 went to Mitau [Courland; at margin see Komorowski] and took place here as professor of philosophy until 1781 when he back to Darmstadt.
1767 or 1768 - J. A. von Stark / STARCK has established a new sect, which grew out of Clirici Ordinis Templariorum / Clerics of the Knights Templar;
he was in 1761 initiated into a French freemasonry lodge at Göttingen but
left for St. Petersburg in 1761, while teaching in St. Petersburg, Starck had met a Greek by the name of Pyotr Ivanovich Melissinos = Count Peter Melesino / Melissino, 1726-97, a lieutenant-general in the Russian Imperial Army, and whose order of freemasonry claimed the clerics of the Templar Knights
{"... Melissinos arrived in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great and ended his career as Vice-President of the Commerce Collegium in 1740-45.
During the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774, Pyotr Melissino was in charge of the Russian artillery.
... In 1783, he was appointed Director of the Artillery and Engineering Corps in St. Petersburg. ... Melissino was instrumental in promoting the career of one of Paul's favourites, Aleksey Arakcheyev. His son Aleksey Melissino, a Major General, was killed in the Battle of Dresden (1813). His brother, Ivan Melissino, was Dean of the Moscow University under Catherine the Great. Starck had met a Greek by the name of Count Peter Melesino (or 'Melissino'; 1726-97), a lieutenant-general};
then traveled to Paris in 1765 and obtained a position at the royal library;
back to Germany, in Wismar (1766-8). Starck promoted the clerical brand of Templarism.
Alexandrine Bacheracht nee Hutten-Czapska / Alieksandra Kolemin, wife of Wilhelm Bacheracht, ex-wife of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse- Darmstadt;
sister of Henryka Julia Plater-Zyberk.
Mentioned above Alexandrine Bacheracht nee Hutten-Czapska / Alieksandra Kolemin / Hutten-Czapski Alexandra b. 1854 / 1853 - d. 1941, the 1st husband Kolemin; then entered into a morganatic marriage with the Grand Duke of Hesse Ludwig IV b. 1837;
Louis IV / Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl was connected to the British Royal Family, to the Imperial House of Russia and other Royal Houses of Europe. Louis was born at Darmstadt, Germany; his mother was the granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse- Darmstadt, the first son of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine b. 1809, and Princess Elisabeth of Prussia; CHARLES was the second surviving son of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse. LOUIS II was the son of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and the grandson of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt born 1719; the great-grandson of a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Louis IV / Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl in 1862, married Princess Alice, the third child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
The couple had seven children, among others Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia b. 1864, and Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of All the Russias b. 1872.
Ludwig IV contracted a morganatic marriage in 1884 in Darmstadt with Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska / Aleksandra Czapski Hutten b. 1854 in Warsaw, d. on 8 May 1941, in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland; she was the former wife of Aleksander Kolemin, the Russian charge d'affaires in Darmstadt; now the Countess von Romrod.
Alexandrine Bacheracht / Alexandrine Countess von Hutten-Czapska died in Vevey / Switzerland, close to La Tour de Peilz; 8 km noerth-west of Montreux (see: Duflon, Konstantynowicz); 18 km south-east of Lutry; 6 km north-west of Clarens!
Countess Alexandrine Hutten-Czapska, Grafin Romrod, was the daughter of Count Adam Hutten-Czapski, and Countess Mariane Rzewuska / Marianne von Rzewuska Grocholska / Maria Anna Katarzyna Hutten-Czapska nee Rzewuska b. 1827.
We back to mentioned above Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov:
During the First World War, the yacht of Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov served as a hospital ship before eventually being scrapped in 1927.
"In 1840 Alexei Semenovich Gubkin established the first tea-selling company in Kungur. Up until then tea had arrived in Russia in the form of large solid bricks. Gubkin was the first business owner to sell tea already weighed out in handy quantities and wrapped in colourful attractive packaging. In 1882 the firm's head office moved to Moscow. After Gubkin's death his nephew Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov took over at the helm. He renamed the company The Successor to Alexei Gubkin, A. Kuznetsov & Co {Kuznicow}. Over a period of fifteen years the company sold 300 million roubles' worth of tea and sugar and had branches not only throughout Russia, but also in China, India, Ceylon and London. By the beginning of the 20th century the firm controlled one third of the entire tea market in the Russian empire."
Copyright by bibelotslondon.co.uk.
"The largest firms in the pre-revolutionary Russian tea trade, were: C. S. Popoff & Co., Alexis Gubkin & Co., and Wissotsky & Co. At first, the Popoff company had the lion's share of the business, but Wissotsky & Co., a much younger firm, finally took away much of Popoff's trade. Alexis Gubkin & Co. became A. Kusnezow & Co. after Mr. Gubkin's death, with its head office at Moscow. Later, this concern became the Trading Company, and later still, The Asiatic Trading Corporation, Ltd., under British registry".
Asiatic Trading Corporation, Ltd:
in LONDON, and Thrissur, Kerala, India importers of tea, coffee, and cotton. "The Russian Society for Tea Trade Gubkin-Kuznetsov and Co founded a tea-packing factory called the Moscow Branch of the Society Karavan. Its yield was 1600000 pounds a year. It quickly became one of the major manufacturers of Russian- style blends. In the 1920s Karavan was renamed Lenin Moscow Tea-Packing Factory, which became the flagship of the Soviet tea industry. Russian Caravan Tea: produced the Chinese tea, blend of China black tea, notably with Keemun tea, is called Caravan since it was carried by camel back from China to the West].
OSTASHEVO and SHIPOV:
Louis IV / Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl in 1862, married Princess Alice, the third child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
The couple had seven children, among others Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia b. 1864, and Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of All the Russias b. 1872.
Ludwig IV contracted a morganatic marriage in 1884 in Darmstadt with Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska / Aleksandra Czapski Hutten b. 1854 in Warsaw, d. on 8 May 1941, in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland; she was the former wife of Aleksander Kolemin, the Russian charge d'affaires in Darmstadt; now the Countess von Romrod.
Alexandrine Bacheracht / Alexandrine Countess von Hutten-Czapska died in Vevey / Switzerland, close to La Tour de Peilz; 8 km noerth-west of Montreux (see: Duflon, Konstantynowicz); 18 km south-east of Lutry; 6 km north-west of Clarens!
Countess Alexandrine Hutten-Czapska, Grafin Romrod, was the daughter of Count Adam Hutten-Czapski, and Countess Mariane Rzewuska / Marianne von Rzewuska Grocholska / Maria Anna Katarzyna Hutten-Czapska nee Rzewuska b. 1827.
We back to mentioned above Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov:
During the First World War, the yacht of Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov served as a hospital ship before eventually being scrapped in 1927.
"In 1840 Alexei Semenovich Gubkin established the first tea-selling company in Kungur. Up until then tea had arrived in Russia in the form of large solid bricks. Gubkin was the first business owner to sell tea already weighed out in handy quantities and wrapped in colourful attractive packaging. In 1882 the firm's head office moved to Moscow. After Gubkin's death his nephew Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov took over at the helm. He renamed the company The Successor to Alexei Gubkin, A. Kuznetsov & Co {Kuznicow}. Over a period of fifteen years the company sold 300 million roubles' worth of tea and sugar and had branches not only throughout Russia, but also in China, India, Ceylon and London. By the beginning of the 20th century the firm controlled one third of the entire tea market in the Russian empire."
Copyright by bibelotslondon.co.uk.
"The largest firms in the pre-revolutionary Russian tea trade, were: C. S. Popoff & Co., Alexis Gubkin & Co., and Wissotsky & Co. At first, the Popoff company had the lion's share of the business, but Wissotsky & Co., a much younger firm, finally took away much of Popoff's trade. Alexis Gubkin & Co. became A. Kusnezow & Co. after Mr. Gubkin's death, with its head office at Moscow. Later, this concern became the Trading Company, and later still, The Asiatic Trading Corporation, Ltd., under British registry".
Asiatic Trading Corporation, Ltd:
in LONDON, and Thrissur, Kerala, India importers of tea, coffee, and cotton. "The Russian Society for Tea Trade Gubkin-Kuznetsov and Co founded a tea-packing factory called the Moscow Branch of the Society Karavan. Its yield was 1600000 pounds a year. It quickly became one of the major manufacturers of Russian- style blends. In the 1920s Karavan was renamed Lenin Moscow Tea-Packing Factory, which became the flagship of the Soviet tea industry. Russian Caravan Tea: produced the Chinese tea, blend of China black tea, notably with Keemun tea, is called Caravan since it was carried by camel back from China to the West].
OSTASHEVO and SHIPOV:
For the processing of dairy products obtained from 200 cows of improved northern breeds kept in the estate, a cheese factory was commissioned and assigned to a specialist invited from Switzerland. At the same time, Shipov undertook to rebuild the estate.
Compare!
Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov b. 1891, Tver region.
Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of Popov landowner, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver.
Cheesemaker was working in the estate
Mykolaivka, and
Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province. Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region.
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi was born in the family of Swiss origin, but Italian nationality. His father Christian Frautschi came to Russia, where he was engaged in reindeer cheese; cheesemaker, a citizen of the Swiss Federation.
Mother Augusta Avgustovna nee Didrikil b. ? - died in 1938, had the Latvian and Estonian roots, and one of her grandfathers was a Scot;
her father Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik,
her mother Bertha Sterling / Esterling / Stirling / EASTERLING born 1835 d. 1891 -
her parents:
Edward Sterling / Edward Esterling / EASTERLING and
Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland.
"Augusta grandfather was from Scotland. Edward Sterling / Edward Esterling was in Russia during the War of 1812. He studied at Dorpat, worked as notary, married Latvian woman. One of his many daughters married Estonian - Didrikilya / Didrikil. In this family was born Augusta Avgustovna".
Hereditary cheesemaker Christian Frautschi came to Russia in search of a good steady income; took a fancy to the north-western province (Estonia), for cattle, and it took two or three years; Here Christians Frauchi married to one of the four sisters of the Didrikil family, of the Estonian, Latvian, Russian, Scottish and even French blood.
One of the sisters, Olga Avgustovna, married exiled Bolshevik Mikhail Kedrov
(Olga Avgustovna Didrikil - daughter of gamekeeper August Ivanovich Didrikil who served for many years to the Suvorov family, in Prozorovskaya (?) county).
In 1903 the whole family Frauchi / Frautschi moved to Novgorod province, where, moving from one estate to another, Arthur's father, together with his assistants was doing cheese. Estates - Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putyanin, Petrovskoe, Davydkina.
Nikolaj Wasiljewicz Wierieszczagin, born 1839 near the village of Piertowka or Pietrowka in the Czerepowiec district, Nowogrod province; a Russian representative of agricultural sciences, he was the elder brother of painter Vasily Viereshagin. At the Tver lands meetings, he applied for loans to farmers for dairy cooperatives and cheese makers; spring 1865 - according to the advice of the younger brother - he and his wife Tatiana Ivanovna started a trip to Switzerland and other countries, Germany, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden. In these countries he observed the organization of milk, butter and cheese in the Swiss town of Coppet, near Geneva. At the heart of Freiburg, under the supervision of the masters, he learned the technology of oily cheeses. 1866, the first cooperative cheese factory in Russia in Otrokowicze; a model milk cattle farm was opened in Edimonów.
Compare!
Arthur Eugene Leonard Frauchi / Artour Khristianovitch Frautschi / Arthur Hristianovich Artuzov Frautschi / Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov b. 1891, Tver region.
Family of Christian Frautschi, came from Switzerland to Russia in 1881 and settled in the estate of Popov landowner, Apashkovo, Tver province, where his older brother Paul / Peter Frautschi, arrived in this region 1879, next in Yurino estate, manor Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putjatino, the village Davydkovo / Davydovo, 17 km north-west of Kashin, and north-east of Tver.
Cheesemaker was working in the estate
Mykolaivka, and
Christian Frautschi married Augusta Didrikil, Didrikil family was of mixed origin, the Latvian and Estonian, her grandfather was a Scot; after the wedding, the young family settled in the estate at Kashin County, Tver province. Leonti V. Dubbelt / von Dubelt was owner of the factory Kuvshinovo, Tver region.
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov Frauchi was born in the family of Swiss origin, but Italian nationality. His father Christian Frautschi came to Russia, where he was engaged in reindeer cheese; cheesemaker, a citizen of the Swiss Federation.
Mother Augusta Avgustovna nee Didrikil b. ? - died in 1938, had the Latvian and Estonian roots, and one of her grandfathers was a Scot;
her father Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik,
her mother Bertha Sterling / Esterling / Stirling / EASTERLING born 1835 d. 1891 -
her parents:
Edward Sterling / Edward Esterling / EASTERLING and
Elena Shtaal from Riga and Livland.
"Augusta grandfather was from Scotland. Edward Sterling / Edward Esterling was in Russia during the War of 1812. He studied at Dorpat, worked as notary, married Latvian woman. One of his many daughters married Estonian - Didrikilya / Didrikil. In this family was born Augusta Avgustovna".
Hereditary cheesemaker Christian Frautschi came to Russia in search of a good steady income; took a fancy to the north-western province (Estonia), for cattle, and it took two or three years; Here Christians Frauchi married to one of the four sisters of the Didrikil family, of the Estonian, Latvian, Russian, Scottish and even French blood.
One of the sisters, Olga Avgustovna, married exiled Bolshevik Mikhail Kedrov
(Olga Avgustovna Didrikil - daughter of gamekeeper August Ivanovich Didrikil who served for many years to the Suvorov family, in Prozorovskaya (?) county).
In 1903 the whole family Frauchi / Frautschi moved to Novgorod province, where, moving from one estate to another, Arthur's father, together with his assistants was doing cheese. Estates - Zhdanov, Mikhailovsky, Putyanin, Petrovskoe, Davydkina.
Nikolaj Wasiljewicz Wierieszczagin, born 1839 near the village of Piertowka or Pietrowka in the Czerepowiec district, Nowogrod province; a Russian representative of agricultural sciences, he was the elder brother of painter Vasily Viereshagin. At the Tver lands meetings, he applied for loans to farmers for dairy cooperatives and cheese makers; spring 1865 - according to the advice of the younger brother - he and his wife Tatiana Ivanovna started a trip to Switzerland and other countries, Germany, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden. In these countries he observed the organization of milk, butter and cheese in the Swiss town of Coppet, near Geneva. At the heart of Freiburg, under the supervision of the masters, he learned the technology of oily cheeses. 1866, the first cooperative cheese factory in Russia in Otrokowicze; a model milk cattle farm was opened in Edimonów.
We back to
Arthur Adamovich Niepokojczycki, died in St. Petersburg on November 11, 1881, was buried at Volkovsky Lutheran Cemetery.
He graduated from the General Staff Academy in St. Petersburg. In the Russian army 1832-1881, the pacification of the peoples of the Caucasus, 1841-1845; Chief of Staff of the Army Corps during the revolution in Hungary 1849;
Chief of Staff of the Army (general lieutenant) during the Crimean War of 1854-1855.
Member of the Council of State (general of arms) and general adjutant of the Emperor.
The Niepokojczycki family was Calvinists.
Under the Radziwills - 1600, Zabludów bought Krzysztof Radziwill Piorun; then his son Krzysztof II Radziwill. He founded in Zabludow and took care of the Calvinist congregation. Dominik Hieronim Radziwill, the owner of ZABLUDOW, m. in 1807 to Izabella Mniszchek, div. Izabella, 2nd voto Demblinska, in 1819 took Zabludów - until 1831.
Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, the Sluck official, was the grandfather of General Artur Niepokojczycki.
He acted in Sluck in 1763 - 1795. Niepokojczycki Bartlomiej owned Boloczyce.
Before him here was Aleksander Pociej, then Ludwik Rozwadowski, also were Józef Twardowski, Jan Gieczewicz, Lady Plater married Aleksandrowicz; Ignacy Karp.
Bolotchitsy / Boloczyce,
close to Novobelichi and Prussy. 18 km north-west to METYAVICHI / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy . 22 km south-west to SLUCK.
Close to
Mieciawice / Maciewicze in the SLUCK county, and here was living Bonifacy Krupski, born 1822; opponent of the military action in 1863; he was involved as a commissar of the IHUMEN area.
Soon he was arrested and imprisoned in Minsk. The sentence condemned him to 8 years of heavy work and confiscation of Novosiolki property. At exile stayed in Usol, after 5 years in Tobolsk, then in Tsarevo, then in Warsaw. 1874 rights restored. Died in 1903 in Maciewicze.
Józef Ignacy Kraszewski wrote on Maciewicze.
Close to Pohost, Starobin, by the Slucza river; near Sielco, Cisowo and Hawrylczyce. Starobin - south to SLUCK.
Metyavichi / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy in Belarus; close to ZAZEVICY; SIALCO; TOMILOVA GORA; CHIZHEVICHI; east to DUBOCHKI; nort to SAKOVICHI / Sakovicy; 6 km north-east to SOLIGORSK [137 km south to MINSK - since 1958]; 6 km south-west to PAGOST / Pohost; close to the villages of Vishnevka, Pokrovka, Kovaleva Loza, Teslin, Peschanka.
The Nameless Association [Union of people without names / Association of an unnamed = innominate people / The Nameless Association / 'Zwiazek bezimienny' / 'Zwiazek Bezimiennych'].
Founder of the underground association -
Walerian Pietkiewicz / PIETKIEWICZ Walerian Jan (1805-1843), born in Metyavichi / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy in the SLUCK district;
Professor, MP, activist in exile; he, on the initiative of Lelewel, established the Association of an unnamed = innominate people.
Preparations were made to fight against Russia.
In 1832/1833, colonel Józef Zaliwski arrived from exile with a few companions and began preparations for the uprising in the Russian lands [see SULIMIERSKI in Lubiec close to Wola Pszczolecka]. The first attempts to create a conspiracy were made by Walerian Pietkiewicz - the emissary of Joachim Lelewel. The center was in Kolbuszowa (property of the Tyszkiewicz family) in Galicia, where after 1831 many of the November insurgents were held. Preparations were directed by the Union of people without names [Association of an unnamed = innominate people / The Nameless Association / Unknown Association].
Adam Mickiewicz already during a trip to Rome and to Florence in the summer of 1830, said, according to Odyniec, similar thoughts like the closest and most faithful followers of Towianski, Ferdynand Gutt who wrote to Walerian Pietkiewicz in 1836.
Arthur Adamovich Niepokojczycki, died in St. Petersburg on November 11, 1881, was buried at Volkovsky Lutheran Cemetery.
He graduated from the General Staff Academy in St. Petersburg. In the Russian army 1832-1881, the pacification of the peoples of the Caucasus, 1841-1845; Chief of Staff of the Army Corps during the revolution in Hungary 1849;
Chief of Staff of the Army (general lieutenant) during the Crimean War of 1854-1855.
Member of the Council of State (general of arms) and general adjutant of the Emperor.
The Niepokojczycki family was Calvinists.
Under the Radziwills - 1600, Zabludów bought Krzysztof Radziwill Piorun; then his son Krzysztof II Radziwill. He founded in Zabludow and took care of the Calvinist congregation. Dominik Hieronim Radziwill, the owner of ZABLUDOW, m. in 1807 to Izabella Mniszchek, div. Izabella, 2nd voto Demblinska, in 1819 took Zabludów - until 1831.
Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, the Sluck official, was the grandfather of General Artur Niepokojczycki.
He acted in Sluck in 1763 - 1795. Niepokojczycki Bartlomiej owned Boloczyce.
Before him here was Aleksander Pociej, then Ludwik Rozwadowski, also were Józef Twardowski, Jan Gieczewicz, Lady Plater married Aleksandrowicz; Ignacy Karp.
Bolotchitsy / Boloczyce,
close to Novobelichi and Prussy. 18 km north-west to METYAVICHI / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy . 22 km south-west to SLUCK.
Close to
Mieciawice / Maciewicze in the SLUCK county, and here was living Bonifacy Krupski, born 1822; opponent of the military action in 1863; he was involved as a commissar of the IHUMEN area.
Soon he was arrested and imprisoned in Minsk. The sentence condemned him to 8 years of heavy work and confiscation of Novosiolki property. At exile stayed in Usol, after 5 years in Tobolsk, then in Tsarevo, then in Warsaw. 1874 rights restored. Died in 1903 in Maciewicze.
Józef Ignacy Kraszewski wrote on Maciewicze.
Close to Pohost, Starobin, by the Slucza river; near Sielco, Cisowo and Hawrylczyce. Starobin - south to SLUCK.
Metyavichi / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy in Belarus; close to ZAZEVICY; SIALCO; TOMILOVA GORA; CHIZHEVICHI; east to DUBOCHKI; nort to SAKOVICHI / Sakovicy; 6 km north-east to SOLIGORSK [137 km south to MINSK - since 1958]; 6 km south-west to PAGOST / Pohost; close to the villages of Vishnevka, Pokrovka, Kovaleva Loza, Teslin, Peschanka.
The Nameless Association [Union of people without names / Association of an unnamed = innominate people / The Nameless Association / 'Zwiazek bezimienny' / 'Zwiazek Bezimiennych'].
Founder of the underground association -
Walerian Pietkiewicz / PIETKIEWICZ Walerian Jan (1805-1843), born in Metyavichi / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy in the SLUCK district;
Professor, MP, activist in exile; he, on the initiative of Lelewel, established the Association of an unnamed = innominate people.
Preparations were made to fight against Russia.
In 1832/1833, colonel Józef Zaliwski arrived from exile with a few companions and began preparations for the uprising in the Russian lands [see SULIMIERSKI in Lubiec close to Wola Pszczolecka]. The first attempts to create a conspiracy were made by Walerian Pietkiewicz - the emissary of Joachim Lelewel. The center was in Kolbuszowa (property of the Tyszkiewicz family) in Galicia, where after 1831 many of the November insurgents were held. Preparations were directed by the Union of people without names [Association of an unnamed = innominate people / The Nameless Association / Unknown Association].
Adam Mickiewicz already during a trip to Rome and to Florence in the summer of 1830, said, according to Odyniec, similar thoughts like the closest and most faithful followers of Towianski, Ferdynand Gutt who wrote to Walerian Pietkiewicz in 1836.
Walerian Pietkiewicz befriended with Gutt and he was the recipient of many of his letters sent from countries where Ferdinand traveled in those years. As Stanislaw Pigon Ferdinand wrote from Germany.
The year 1830 ended with a stronger accent, with the outbreak of the uprising in the Kingdom of Poland and the expansion of war activities to Lithuania soon. Walerian Pietkiewicz was a member of the Central Vilnius Committee and friend of Joachim Lelewel.
Valeryan Pietkiewicz knew well Towianski, like Gutt Ferdynand. He gives the testimony of honesty although in 1830 they did not take up arms; Gutt as a doctor served his knowledge on both sides. And he - at the request of General Paskevich - for the protection of Russian soldiers wounded in the Polish war of 1830-1831, was decorated on January 13, 1834 with the order of Saint Anna's third grade.
On January 24, 1836 from Mannheim, Gutt wrote to Pietkiewicz that his father was murdered on 1 November 1835 at home. Money was not taken; the tragic death of the pharmacist Jerzy Gutt was dominated by legends, as always, when the perpetrators could not be detected. One of the legends accused Mikolaj Malinowski, the son-in-law of Gutt. By Krasinski - Towianski persuaded Ferdinand Gutt to murder his father [the letter of Zygmunt Karasinski to Delfina Potocka on March 19, 1842].
Extensive fragments of letters from Gutt to Pietkiewicz, written in 1833-1837 from Germany, are quoted by Stanislaw Pigon in the book "From the Age of Mickiewicz - Studies and Sketches" (1922).
Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski wrote on Metyavichi / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy in the SLUCK district.
Parents of Józef Kazimierz Broel-Plater / PLATER 1796-1852:
August Jacek Hieronim Broel-Plater / August Hiacynt 1745-1803 and Anna Beydo-Rzewuska 1761-1800. Józef Krzysztof Donat Broel Plater b. 1796 in Kraslaw, died 1852 in Wilno, m. Antonina Pereswit-Soltan (1800-1871) or
she married to Józef Kazimierz Broel-Plater who was sentenced to settlement in Smolensk, where he lived with his family to 1846.
In Smolensk he has established a contact with named above Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski. After 1846 he returned to Kombula, in 1847 was elected assessor of the Criminal Chamber of the Novgorod province.
Writer under nick-name Joseph Plaskoziemski in 1846, gave his own theory of light, heat and electricity, but not supported by experiences in the mid-nineteenth century. He was also the author of the short history and geography of Livonia; died in 1852 in Vilnius, was buried in Kraslaw. He was married from 1819 to Antonina Pereswit-Soltan (1800-1871) and had 14 children.
I emphasizes once again on
Józef Kazimierz Broel-Plater / PLATER 1796-1852, writer, born 1796 - Kraslaw, died in 1852 - Wilno, married in 1819 to Antonina Soltan 1800-1871, daughter of Benedykt Soltan b. 1770 and Józefa Benislawska b. 1770.
We back to
Bartlomiej Niepokojczycki, born ca 1740/1760, the Sluck official, was the legal guardian for Kajetan Kraszewski.
Kajetan Kraszewski b. 1827 in Dolhe, the Pruzany county, d. 1896 in Stary Kuplin, close to Pruzany; Polish writer, musician and astronomer, the father of Boguslaw Kraszewski.
Benislawska MANTEUFFEL-SZOEGE was closest friend to Kajetan.
Bartlomiej Niepokojczycki, send named Kajetan to Nieswiez under Devil alias De Yille; Nieswiez was owned by Karol Radziwill, 'panie kochanku';
in Nieswiez often stayed then
Leon Borowski, Wolodkowicz, maiden Brzostowska; Morawski, Wendorf, Miternowski, Mackiewicz, Czyz, Mogiluicki;
Bartlomiej Niepokójczycki, of Boloczyce, the father of ADAM Niepokojczycki;
and Michal Domanski, who journeyed in 1769 - 1778, with KAROL Radziwill.
The year 1830 ended with a stronger accent, with the outbreak of the uprising in the Kingdom of Poland and the expansion of war activities to Lithuania soon. Walerian Pietkiewicz was a member of the Central Vilnius Committee and friend of Joachim Lelewel.
Valeryan Pietkiewicz knew well Towianski, like Gutt Ferdynand. He gives the testimony of honesty although in 1830 they did not take up arms; Gutt as a doctor served his knowledge on both sides. And he - at the request of General Paskevich - for the protection of Russian soldiers wounded in the Polish war of 1830-1831, was decorated on January 13, 1834 with the order of Saint Anna's third grade.
On January 24, 1836 from Mannheim, Gutt wrote to Pietkiewicz that his father was murdered on 1 November 1835 at home. Money was not taken; the tragic death of the pharmacist Jerzy Gutt was dominated by legends, as always, when the perpetrators could not be detected. One of the legends accused Mikolaj Malinowski, the son-in-law of Gutt. By Krasinski - Towianski persuaded Ferdinand Gutt to murder his father [the letter of Zygmunt Karasinski to Delfina Potocka on March 19, 1842].
Extensive fragments of letters from Gutt to Pietkiewicz, written in 1833-1837 from Germany, are quoted by Stanislaw Pigon in the book "From the Age of Mickiewicz - Studies and Sketches" (1922).
Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski wrote on Metyavichi / Maciewicze / Mieciavicy in the SLUCK district.
Parents of Józef Kazimierz Broel-Plater / PLATER 1796-1852:
August Jacek Hieronim Broel-Plater / August Hiacynt 1745-1803 and Anna Beydo-Rzewuska 1761-1800. Józef Krzysztof Donat Broel Plater b. 1796 in Kraslaw, died 1852 in Wilno, m. Antonina Pereswit-Soltan (1800-1871) or
she married to Józef Kazimierz Broel-Plater who was sentenced to settlement in Smolensk, where he lived with his family to 1846.
In Smolensk he has established a contact with named above Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski. After 1846 he returned to Kombula, in 1847 was elected assessor of the Criminal Chamber of the Novgorod province.
Writer under nick-name Joseph Plaskoziemski in 1846, gave his own theory of light, heat and electricity, but not supported by experiences in the mid-nineteenth century. He was also the author of the short history and geography of Livonia; died in 1852 in Vilnius, was buried in Kraslaw. He was married from 1819 to Antonina Pereswit-Soltan (1800-1871) and had 14 children.
I emphasizes once again on
Józef Kazimierz Broel-Plater / PLATER 1796-1852, writer, born 1796 - Kraslaw, died in 1852 - Wilno, married in 1819 to Antonina Soltan 1800-1871, daughter of Benedykt Soltan b. 1770 and Józefa Benislawska b. 1770.
We back to
Bartlomiej Niepokojczycki, born ca 1740/1760, the Sluck official, was the legal guardian for Kajetan Kraszewski.
Kajetan Kraszewski b. 1827 in Dolhe, the Pruzany county, d. 1896 in Stary Kuplin, close to Pruzany; Polish writer, musician and astronomer, the father of Boguslaw Kraszewski.
Benislawska MANTEUFFEL-SZOEGE was closest friend to Kajetan.
Bartlomiej Niepokojczycki, send named Kajetan to Nieswiez under Devil alias De Yille; Nieswiez was owned by Karol Radziwill, 'panie kochanku';
in Nieswiez often stayed then
Leon Borowski, Wolodkowicz, maiden Brzostowska; Morawski, Wendorf, Miternowski, Mackiewicz, Czyz, Mogiluicki;
Bartlomiej Niepokójczycki, of Boloczyce, the father of ADAM Niepokojczycki;
and Michal Domanski, who journeyed in 1769 - 1778, with KAROL Radziwill.
Karol Stanislaw Onufry Jan Nepomucen Radziwill 'Panie Kochanku' b. 1734 in Nieswiez; voivode of Wilno from 1762, general lieutenant from 1759, marshal of the Grand Court of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1755;
in 1764, he signed the manifesto, recognizing the convocial session in the presence of Russian troops as illegal.
KAROL Radziwill a great patriot and creator of the anti-Russian opposition fought against the Russians in June - the battle under Slonim, and was forced to go to Woloszczyzna. Then he moved to Dresden, where he found out the news that the Parliament was deprived of his office, and that his estates were seized and confiscated.
In 1768 he fought out a guarantee treaty, because Poland became a Russian protectorate, and he joined in exile to the leaders of the Bar Confederation. In 1770 he was a member and the founder of the Masonic Lodge Wandering Crew in PRESOV / Preszów.
For failing to swear the oaths to Catherine II, after the first partition of Poland, in 1772, the Russians confiscated KAROL Radziwill's Newel, Siebiez in the Polock Province / Governorate, and Kopys and Romanów in Mogilev Governorate.
He returned to Lithuania in 1777, settled in Nieswiez.
Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, acted in Sluck, Nieswiez and in Boloczyce [Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, the Sluck official, was the grandfather of General Artur Niepokojczycki. He acted in Sluck in 1763 - 1795. Niepokojczycki Bartlomiej owned Boloczyce].
Bartlomiej NIEPOKOJCZYCKI had a son Adam, the Sluck Marshal of nobility;
Adam's son was General ARTUR Niepokojczycki!
See on MICHAL DOMANSKI -
KAROL RADZIWILL with Lady Morawska were abroad, with a few respected ladies, between whom there was a foster child, without father and mother, Miss Karolina Paszkowska, from the Lanckoronski clan.
Michal Domanski and Miss Karolina Paszkowska were together.
Paszkowski - Radziwill:
Sons of TOMASZ Paszkowski and REGINA: Michal Paszkowski 1st and Jan Paszkowski [born 1742; he was living in Mokrsko in 1742 - the father of General Franciszek Paszkowski and the grandfather of Maria Paszkowska ARMAND from Moscow - see Apolon Konstantynowicz].
Jan Paszkowski [1742-ca 1800] moved home to Ukraine [ca 1776 ?]. Maybe
his brother [cousin ?] was Piotr Paszkowski b. ca 1733 married Elzbieta nee Nietyks,
with son Paszkowski Michal 2nd (born 1761 in Brzesc Litewski - after 1819), Colonel in 1794 in Brzesc Litewski, an official in Oszmiany; studied 1775-1779. In 1789 he bought Zabludow in the Grodno county. The friend of Hieronim Radziwill and of Michal Zaleski, manager [1804] to Dominik Radziwill; Michal Paszkowski was closest to CONSPIRATOR, Karol Prozor in 1812. In 1808-1820 he taken from hands of Radziwill, Naliboki. After 1819 / 1820 no inf.
The Niepokojczycki family was Calvinists.
Under the Radziwills - 1600, Zabludów bought Krzysztof Radziwill Piorun; then his son Krzysztof II Radziwill. He founded in Zabludow and took care of the Calvinist congregation. Dominik Hieronim Radziwill, the owner of ZABLUDOW, m. in 1807 to Izabella Mniszchek, div. Izabella, 2nd voto Demblinska, in 1819 took Zabludów from hands of Michal Paszkowski 2nd - until 1831.
Michal Paszkowski 1st [b. ca 1725/1730] was an official in Malbork, moved in Volhynia, m. Monika Piotrowska of the Chelm area, daughter of Mikolaj and Katarzyna nee Plonski, Piotrowska, with a few children.
Above HIERONIM Radziwill:
Dominik Hieronim Radziwill b. 1786 in Biala Podlaska, d. Nov. 1813 in Lauterecken in Nadrenia-Palatynat; the son of Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill and Zofia Dorota Fryderyka Thurn-Taxis;
Dominik Radziwill was the Freemason.
Colonel Dominik was the owner of Nieswiez and Olyka, Birze, Dubinki, Sluck, Kopyl, Biala. Since 1786 Dominik was under care of Karol Radziwill, and then in 1790 under Adam Czartoryski. Dominik Radziwill inherited the uncle Karol Radziwill.
Above KAROL:
Karol Stanislaw Onufry Jan Nepomucen Radziwill 'Panie Kochanku', died in 1790 in Biala, General Lieutenant in 1759.
in 1764, he signed the manifesto, recognizing the convocial session in the presence of Russian troops as illegal.
KAROL Radziwill a great patriot and creator of the anti-Russian opposition fought against the Russians in June - the battle under Slonim, and was forced to go to Woloszczyzna. Then he moved to Dresden, where he found out the news that the Parliament was deprived of his office, and that his estates were seized and confiscated.
In 1768 he fought out a guarantee treaty, because Poland became a Russian protectorate, and he joined in exile to the leaders of the Bar Confederation. In 1770 he was a member and the founder of the Masonic Lodge Wandering Crew in PRESOV / Preszów.
For failing to swear the oaths to Catherine II, after the first partition of Poland, in 1772, the Russians confiscated KAROL Radziwill's Newel, Siebiez in the Polock Province / Governorate, and Kopys and Romanów in Mogilev Governorate.
He returned to Lithuania in 1777, settled in Nieswiez.
Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, acted in Sluck, Nieswiez and in Boloczyce [Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, the Sluck official, was the grandfather of General Artur Niepokojczycki. He acted in Sluck in 1763 - 1795. Niepokojczycki Bartlomiej owned Boloczyce].
Bartlomiej NIEPOKOJCZYCKI had a son Adam, the Sluck Marshal of nobility;
Adam's son was General ARTUR Niepokojczycki!
See on MICHAL DOMANSKI -
KAROL RADZIWILL with Lady Morawska were abroad, with a few respected ladies, between whom there was a foster child, without father and mother, Miss Karolina Paszkowska, from the Lanckoronski clan.
Michal Domanski and Miss Karolina Paszkowska were together.
Paszkowski - Radziwill:
Sons of TOMASZ Paszkowski and REGINA: Michal Paszkowski 1st and Jan Paszkowski [born 1742; he was living in Mokrsko in 1742 - the father of General Franciszek Paszkowski and the grandfather of Maria Paszkowska ARMAND from Moscow - see Apolon Konstantynowicz].
Jan Paszkowski [1742-ca 1800] moved home to Ukraine [ca 1776 ?]. Maybe
his brother [cousin ?] was Piotr Paszkowski b. ca 1733 married Elzbieta nee Nietyks,
with son Paszkowski Michal 2nd (born 1761 in Brzesc Litewski - after 1819), Colonel in 1794 in Brzesc Litewski, an official in Oszmiany; studied 1775-1779. In 1789 he bought Zabludow in the Grodno county. The friend of Hieronim Radziwill and of Michal Zaleski, manager [1804] to Dominik Radziwill; Michal Paszkowski was closest to CONSPIRATOR, Karol Prozor in 1812. In 1808-1820 he taken from hands of Radziwill, Naliboki. After 1819 / 1820 no inf.
The Niepokojczycki family was Calvinists.
Under the Radziwills - 1600, Zabludów bought Krzysztof Radziwill Piorun; then his son Krzysztof II Radziwill. He founded in Zabludow and took care of the Calvinist congregation. Dominik Hieronim Radziwill, the owner of ZABLUDOW, m. in 1807 to Izabella Mniszchek, div. Izabella, 2nd voto Demblinska, in 1819 took Zabludów from hands of Michal Paszkowski 2nd - until 1831.
Michal Paszkowski 1st [b. ca 1725/1730] was an official in Malbork, moved in Volhynia, m. Monika Piotrowska of the Chelm area, daughter of Mikolaj and Katarzyna nee Plonski, Piotrowska, with a few children.
Above HIERONIM Radziwill:
Dominik Hieronim Radziwill b. 1786 in Biala Podlaska, d. Nov. 1813 in Lauterecken in Nadrenia-Palatynat; the son of Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill and Zofia Dorota Fryderyka Thurn-Taxis;
Dominik Radziwill was the Freemason.
Colonel Dominik was the owner of Nieswiez and Olyka, Birze, Dubinki, Sluck, Kopyl, Biala. Since 1786 Dominik was under care of Karol Radziwill, and then in 1790 under Adam Czartoryski. Dominik Radziwill inherited the uncle Karol Radziwill.
Above KAROL:
Karol Stanislaw Onufry Jan Nepomucen Radziwill 'Panie Kochanku', died in 1790 in Biala, General Lieutenant in 1759.
Above HIERONIM WINCENTY:
Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill married Zofia Dorota Fryderyka Thurn-Taxis. Duke, died in 1786; owned Kleck. The son of Michal Kazimierz Radziwill 'Rybenko' and the father of named Dominik Hieronim Radziwill.
Niepokojczycki Ignacy, maybe was the brother of Adam Niepokojczycki. Inf. 1780 - 1782.
Also of Niepokojczycki Tadeusz, inf. in 1767 - 1780
[Niepokojczycki Tadeusz, the Bialsk / Bielsk official, inf. in 1787 - 1794, BIALA PODLASKA west to Brzesc Litewski. Grabanów close to Biala Podlaska, 5 km north-east to Biala;
in 1818, Grabanów is already the court property of Adam Niepokojczycki, the father of GENERAL ARTUR Niepokojczycki.
He had wooden residential building made of oak tree. 1822, Grabanow farm was bought from the Radziwills by Poplawski. Shortly thereafter, these estate passed on to the property of the Grabowski family. Kozula's mill in the Grabanów farm in 1781, belonged to the Radziwills, who had a hunting lodge here - near BIALA PODLASKA].
The father of ARTUR:
Niepokojczycki Adam, of SLUCK, was the secretary of Dominik Radziwill
[Prince Dominik Hieronim Radzivil (1786-1813) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman. Compare:
Paszkowski Michal 2nd (born 1761 in Brzesc Litewski - after 1819), Colonel in 1794 in Brzesc Litewski, an official in Oszmiany; studied 1775-1779. In 1789 he bought Zabludow in the Grodno county.
The friend of Hieronim Radziwill and of Michal Zaleski, manager [1804] to above Dominik Radziwill;
Michal Paszkowski was closest to CONSPIRATOR, Karol Prozor in 1812.
In 1808-1820 he taken from hands of Radziwill, Naliboki. After 1819 / 1820 no inf.
The Niepokojczycki family was Calvinists.
Under the Radziwills - 1600, Zabludów bought Krzysztof Radziwill Piorun; then his son Krzysztof II Radziwill. He founded in Zabludow and took care of the Calvinist congregation. Dominik Hieronim Radziwill, the owner of ZABLUDOW, m. in 1807 to Izabella Mniszchek, div. Izabella, 2nd voto Demblinska, in 1819 took Zabludów from hands of Michal Paszkowski 2nd - until 1831].
Dominik Radziwill was the owner of Nesvizh and Olyka and owner of Birzai, Dubingiai, Sluck and Kapyl estates. He took part in Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 and later died of wounds after the Battle of Hanau. Parents - Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill and Princess Sophie Friederike of Thurn and Taxis.
Prince Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill b. 1759 - died in 1786, was a Polish prince, diplomat, politician and Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1780. He was Count of Kleck, Great Cupbearer of Lithuania from 1779 and governor of Minsk.
Parents - Michal Kazimierz "Rybenko" Radziwill + Anna Luiza Mycielska.
Adam Niepokojczycki - inf. in 1805 - 1809.
ARTUR NIEPOKOJCZYCKI:
1841-47 fought in the Caucasus, and Dagestan. He participated in 1849 in Russian intervention in Hungary and the Crimean War of 1853-1856. In 1874 he became a tsar's adjutant. In the war 1877-78 he became the head of the staff of the Danube army.
During the stay of the Tsar on the front, ie until mid-December 1877, he belonged to five people who ruled Russia - but the head of government did not belong to this group.
1853-1856, at the end of this campaign he commanded a staff of naval and land forces in the Crimea. Originally, he was the son of ADAM Niepokojczycki, the County marshal of the gentry in Slutsk.
In 1878 deputies of Artur Niepokojczycki, who was to concentrate on strategic problems, were appointed:
General Kazimierz Lewicki (operational command) and
General Marcin Kuszewski
{maybe his brother was Aleksander Kuszewski b. ca 1830; wife Zofia Linowska, the granddaughter of Jan Antoni Linowski, the Wschowa official, 1736-1801; he comes from Jan Franciszek Linowski b. 1667, d. bef. 1725}.
Both had extensive experience from the Hungarian campaign and the Crimean war. The staff also included Artillery commander Gen. Mikolaj Massalski.
Note 1:
Kosciuszko travelled in 1796 / 1797 from Russia to Sweden with his secretary J. U. Niemcewicz and with cheerful officer, Libiszewski who often had to carry the General;
Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill married Zofia Dorota Fryderyka Thurn-Taxis. Duke, died in 1786; owned Kleck. The son of Michal Kazimierz Radziwill 'Rybenko' and the father of named Dominik Hieronim Radziwill.
Niepokojczycki Ignacy, maybe was the brother of Adam Niepokojczycki. Inf. 1780 - 1782.
Also of Niepokojczycki Tadeusz, inf. in 1767 - 1780
[Niepokojczycki Tadeusz, the Bialsk / Bielsk official, inf. in 1787 - 1794, BIALA PODLASKA west to Brzesc Litewski. Grabanów close to Biala Podlaska, 5 km north-east to Biala;
in 1818, Grabanów is already the court property of Adam Niepokojczycki, the father of GENERAL ARTUR Niepokojczycki.
He had wooden residential building made of oak tree. 1822, Grabanow farm was bought from the Radziwills by Poplawski. Shortly thereafter, these estate passed on to the property of the Grabowski family. Kozula's mill in the Grabanów farm in 1781, belonged to the Radziwills, who had a hunting lodge here - near BIALA PODLASKA].
The father of ARTUR:
Niepokojczycki Adam, of SLUCK, was the secretary of Dominik Radziwill
[Prince Dominik Hieronim Radzivil (1786-1813) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman. Compare:
Paszkowski Michal 2nd (born 1761 in Brzesc Litewski - after 1819), Colonel in 1794 in Brzesc Litewski, an official in Oszmiany; studied 1775-1779. In 1789 he bought Zabludow in the Grodno county.
The friend of Hieronim Radziwill and of Michal Zaleski, manager [1804] to above Dominik Radziwill;
Michal Paszkowski was closest to CONSPIRATOR, Karol Prozor in 1812.
In 1808-1820 he taken from hands of Radziwill, Naliboki. After 1819 / 1820 no inf.
The Niepokojczycki family was Calvinists.
Under the Radziwills - 1600, Zabludów bought Krzysztof Radziwill Piorun; then his son Krzysztof II Radziwill. He founded in Zabludow and took care of the Calvinist congregation. Dominik Hieronim Radziwill, the owner of ZABLUDOW, m. in 1807 to Izabella Mniszchek, div. Izabella, 2nd voto Demblinska, in 1819 took Zabludów from hands of Michal Paszkowski 2nd - until 1831].
Dominik Radziwill was the owner of Nesvizh and Olyka and owner of Birzai, Dubingiai, Sluck and Kapyl estates. He took part in Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 and later died of wounds after the Battle of Hanau. Parents - Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill and Princess Sophie Friederike of Thurn and Taxis.
Prince Hieronim Wincenty Radziwill b. 1759 - died in 1786, was a Polish prince, diplomat, politician and Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1780. He was Count of Kleck, Great Cupbearer of Lithuania from 1779 and governor of Minsk.
Parents - Michal Kazimierz "Rybenko" Radziwill + Anna Luiza Mycielska.
Adam Niepokojczycki - inf. in 1805 - 1809.
ARTUR NIEPOKOJCZYCKI:
1841-47 fought in the Caucasus, and Dagestan. He participated in 1849 in Russian intervention in Hungary and the Crimean War of 1853-1856. In 1874 he became a tsar's adjutant. In the war 1877-78 he became the head of the staff of the Danube army.
During the stay of the Tsar on the front, ie until mid-December 1877, he belonged to five people who ruled Russia - but the head of government did not belong to this group.
1853-1856, at the end of this campaign he commanded a staff of naval and land forces in the Crimea. Originally, he was the son of ADAM Niepokojczycki, the County marshal of the gentry in Slutsk.
In 1878 deputies of Artur Niepokojczycki, who was to concentrate on strategic problems, were appointed:
General Kazimierz Lewicki (operational command) and
General Marcin Kuszewski
{maybe his brother was Aleksander Kuszewski b. ca 1830; wife Zofia Linowska, the granddaughter of Jan Antoni Linowski, the Wschowa official, 1736-1801; he comes from Jan Franciszek Linowski b. 1667, d. bef. 1725}.
Both had extensive experience from the Hungarian campaign and the Crimean war. The staff also included Artillery commander Gen. Mikolaj Massalski.
Note 1:
Kosciuszko travelled in 1796 / 1797 from Russia to Sweden with his secretary J. U. Niemcewicz and with cheerful officer, Libiszewski who often had to carry the General;
[Libiszowski / Libiszewski willingly performed this service. In Sweden, Kosciuszko was listening to Libiszewski playing the guitar at his bedside and to a concert organised in his honour by the best musicians; in Philadelphia was a musician in orchestra. He died - still young - of fever in Cuba. In 1892 the Sosnowski manor from Waleria Niepokójczycki, bought Alfons Libiszowski. In Libiszow is the Libiszowski manor, 'Rybakówka'; Libiszow is situated 5 km west of Sosnowica; east of Ostrow Lubelski].
Note 2:
The conspiracy created in May 1793 reached the roots to the Freemasonry organization and of the club of the "Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3". A part of the Masons stood in a moderate, liberal position - the preservation of the monarchy with King Stanislaw August and the implementation of the Constitution of May 3. Among the moderate activists of the conspiracy found themselves:
Ignacy Dzialynski, Andrzej Kapostas, Michal Kochanowski,
Alexander Linowski,
Stanislaw Woyczynski, Ludwik Gutakowski, Antoni Bazyli Dzieduszycki, Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha.
Note 3:
Niepokójczycki Mikolaj (born in 1883 - died after 1914), born in Minsk.
Liudvikas Abramavicius Niepokójczycki (1879-1939) was a Polish activist in Kharkiv. Ludwik Abramowicz- Niepokójczycki was editor of 'Przeglad Wilenski'.
Nepokoichitskiy Artur Adamovich / Artur Adamovich Nepokoichitsky b. 8 Dec 1813, d. 11 Nov 1881. Burial at the Volkovskoye Lutheran Cemetery in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Note 4:
NIEPOKOJCZYCKI Benedykt Wilhelm (1796-1865), President of the Bank of Poland; b. in Szlowiany, in the Wilkomierz county, died in 1865 - Drezno. His mother Scholastyka Kuszelewska born 1770 died in 1829 + Stanislaw Niepokojczycki, b. ca 1760. Benedykt's brother was Wincenty Niepokojczycki b. ca 1800. They lived together in WILKOMIERZ in 1829 and in 1852.
Stanislaw had a brother Adam Niepokojczycki born ca 1760.
Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, acted in Sluck, Nieswiez and in Boloczyce [Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, the Sluck official, was the grandfather of General Artur Niepokojczycki. He acted in Sluck in 1763 - 1795. Niepokojczycki Bartlomiej owned Boloczyce close to SLUCK].
Bartlomiej NIEPOKOJCZYCKI had a son Adam, the Sluck Marshal of nobility; Adam's son was General ARTUR Niepokojczycki!
Wincenty Niepokojczycki b. ca 1800, had a son born 1829, and grandaughter Józefa Niepokojczycka 1857-1925 + Tadeusz Chelminski 1852-1901. Tadeusz had a daughter Felicja Chelminska 1887-1943 + Marian Antoni Andrzej Chrapowicki 1864-1930. MARIAN Chrapowicki was the grandson of Eustachy Chrapowicki b. ca 1790; Amelia Gorska 1793-1866; and Dorota Szadurska b. 1810.
MARIAN Chrapowicki was the great-grandson of Józef Chrapowicki 1750-1812; Stanislaw August Gorski and of Franciszek Ksawery Szadurski b. 1764; Pss Magdalena Oginska; Anna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1767-1796 and of Franciszka Felkerzamb.
Anna Niemirowicz had a half-sister Dorota 1780-1813 + Mikolaj Siestrzanek-Karnicki and Dorota had a daughter Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka 1811-1883 + Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill 1793-1869,
who was the
grandson of Leon Michal Radziwill 1722-1751 and the great-grandson of
Michal Antoni Radziwill (1687-1721). Michal Antoni + Marcjana had a daughter Izabela (1711-1761) / Izabella Katarzyna Radziwill married Tadeusz Franciszek Oginski.
Kazimierz Lewicki (1835-1891),
the Russian General, Pole. An educator of the cadet corps in Polock. 1855 served the Guard. Participated in Crimean War 1853-56. In 1859, he finished Academy and started serving the staff of the Guards and then in the Siberian District. 1870 professor; in 1874, the tsar's adjutant and chief of staff of the guard. In the war 1877-78, replaced Artur Niepokojczycki; after the war, he becomes an inspector of cavalry and 1885-88 commander a Cavalry Division.
Note 2:
The conspiracy created in May 1793 reached the roots to the Freemasonry organization and of the club of the "Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3". A part of the Masons stood in a moderate, liberal position - the preservation of the monarchy with King Stanislaw August and the implementation of the Constitution of May 3. Among the moderate activists of the conspiracy found themselves:
Ignacy Dzialynski, Andrzej Kapostas, Michal Kochanowski,
Alexander Linowski,
Stanislaw Woyczynski, Ludwik Gutakowski, Antoni Bazyli Dzieduszycki, Kazimierz Nestor Sapiecha.
Note 3:
Niepokójczycki Mikolaj (born in 1883 - died after 1914), born in Minsk.
Liudvikas Abramavicius Niepokójczycki (1879-1939) was a Polish activist in Kharkiv. Ludwik Abramowicz- Niepokójczycki was editor of 'Przeglad Wilenski'.
Nepokoichitskiy Artur Adamovich / Artur Adamovich Nepokoichitsky b. 8 Dec 1813, d. 11 Nov 1881. Burial at the Volkovskoye Lutheran Cemetery in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Note 4:
NIEPOKOJCZYCKI Benedykt Wilhelm (1796-1865), President of the Bank of Poland; b. in Szlowiany, in the Wilkomierz county, died in 1865 - Drezno. His mother Scholastyka Kuszelewska born 1770 died in 1829 + Stanislaw Niepokojczycki, b. ca 1760. Benedykt's brother was Wincenty Niepokojczycki b. ca 1800. They lived together in WILKOMIERZ in 1829 and in 1852.
Stanislaw had a brother Adam Niepokojczycki born ca 1760.
Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, acted in Sluck, Nieswiez and in Boloczyce [Niepokójczycki Bartlomiej, the Sluck official, was the grandfather of General Artur Niepokojczycki. He acted in Sluck in 1763 - 1795. Niepokojczycki Bartlomiej owned Boloczyce close to SLUCK].
Bartlomiej NIEPOKOJCZYCKI had a son Adam, the Sluck Marshal of nobility; Adam's son was General ARTUR Niepokojczycki!
Wincenty Niepokojczycki b. ca 1800, had a son born 1829, and grandaughter Józefa Niepokojczycka 1857-1925 + Tadeusz Chelminski 1852-1901. Tadeusz had a daughter Felicja Chelminska 1887-1943 + Marian Antoni Andrzej Chrapowicki 1864-1930. MARIAN Chrapowicki was the grandson of Eustachy Chrapowicki b. ca 1790; Amelia Gorska 1793-1866; and Dorota Szadurska b. 1810.
MARIAN Chrapowicki was the great-grandson of Józef Chrapowicki 1750-1812; Stanislaw August Gorski and of Franciszek Ksawery Szadurski b. 1764; Pss Magdalena Oginska; Anna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 1767-1796 and of Franciszka Felkerzamb.
Anna Niemirowicz had a half-sister Dorota 1780-1813 + Mikolaj Siestrzanek-Karnicki and Dorota had a daughter Adela Siestrzanek-Karnicka 1811-1883 + Konstanty Mikolaj Radziwill 1793-1869,
who was the
grandson of Leon Michal Radziwill 1722-1751 and the great-grandson of
Michal Antoni Radziwill (1687-1721). Michal Antoni + Marcjana had a daughter Izabela (1711-1761) / Izabella Katarzyna Radziwill married Tadeusz Franciszek Oginski.
Kazimierz Lewicki (1835-1891),
the Russian General, Pole. An educator of the cadet corps in Polock. 1855 served the Guard. Participated in Crimean War 1853-56. In 1859, he finished Academy and started serving the staff of the Guards and then in the Siberian District. 1870 professor; in 1874, the tsar's adjutant and chief of staff of the guard. In the war 1877-78, replaced Artur Niepokojczycki; after the war, he becomes an inspector of cavalry and 1885-88 commander a Cavalry Division.
Duke Mikolaj Massalski (1812-1880), the Russian General;
Pole. He graduated from the Military Academy in St. Petersburg. In the army from 1832 and fights at Caucasus. In 1839 in Persia, 1855 commander of the Finnish artillery, 1865-67 he is in the Polish Kingdom, later the commander of the Siberian District. In the war 1877-78 he became commander of the Danube army artillery. From 1879, a member of the State Council.
Walerian Derozynski (1826-1877), the Russian General; Pole.
In the army from 1845, then the end of Academy; Russian intervention in Hungary 1849 and Crimean War 1853-56. From 1857, the Division chief of staff; he fights in the war of 1877-78, at the Battle of Szypka together with
General Marcin Kuszewski, deputy Chief of Staff of the Danube army;
Colonel Aleksander Lipinski;
Colonel Bieniecki.
Artur Niepokojczycki during the Tsar's stay on the front, ie until mid-December 1877, he belonged to five people who were ruled of Russia.
9 Infantry Division - General Duke Swiatopolk Mirski / Swiatopelk.
11 Corps - Duke General Schachowskoi ie Aleksy Szachowski.
The ARMAND family from Moscow [+ General Franciszek Paszkowski] and the French roots of the Konstantynowicz family [Anna Armand Konstantynowicz and Inessa Armand - Lenin Uljanov] - Prometheism / PROMETHEISM of Poles in Russia, 1877/1878 - 1904:
Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution.
Paul Armand b. ca 1762 was a prosperous farmer in Normandie and sympathized royalists. He, settling in Paris, opened the building workshop; there he married Angelica, b. 1767, the daughter of Charles from Alsatie; he decided to build his commerce on the French wines trade in Russia. Once the ship crashed in the Bay of Biscay and it ruined family of Armand in 1791. But Paul soon had good commercial relations in shipping ports of south France (Nice and Marseille probably).
The 29 year-old General Paul Armand, in 1791 [Jean-Louis Armand in 1799], came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay [see below].
He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine in 1791.
After the shipwreck of wine in the Bay of Biscay, Armand transfered trade of wines to the Mediterranean ports of France, in 1792/1793, it took place perhaps during the continental blockade taken by England against Napoleon. Then, after 1815, the trade lasted maybe until the Crimean War in the 50's of the 19th century.
Paul Armand ran the wine trade through the ports in the south of France to Russia: a probable route from Marseille - Nice - after Italian Naples - Smyrna / Smyrne (see the Ralli Brothers from London, Marseille, India) in Turkey? - Crimea / Krym, where the Armand family had a very good trade agreements. A Demonsi / Demontet family ran in Moscow and in KAZAN a sales of these French wines.
When Paul Armand married [ca 1783 / 1785], he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats at first. Next to the fashionable shop of Armand in MOSCOW, was trading house of DEMONSI / Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.
Mentioned above
Jean-Louis Armand, from his first marriage [ca 1806] to Elizabeth Osipovna (1786 / 1788 - 1817), Sabine called her, had a son Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809. From his second marriage, Jean-Louis and Marie-Barbe, nee Collignon (1780 - 1872) had a daughter Sophia, married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hoecke/ Hacker [compare HACKER in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company].
In 1811 in Moscow lived:
Pole. He graduated from the Military Academy in St. Petersburg. In the army from 1832 and fights at Caucasus. In 1839 in Persia, 1855 commander of the Finnish artillery, 1865-67 he is in the Polish Kingdom, later the commander of the Siberian District. In the war 1877-78 he became commander of the Danube army artillery. From 1879, a member of the State Council.
Walerian Derozynski (1826-1877), the Russian General; Pole.
In the army from 1845, then the end of Academy; Russian intervention in Hungary 1849 and Crimean War 1853-56. From 1857, the Division chief of staff; he fights in the war of 1877-78, at the Battle of Szypka together with
General Marcin Kuszewski, deputy Chief of Staff of the Danube army;
Colonel Aleksander Lipinski;
Colonel Bieniecki.
Artur Niepokojczycki during the Tsar's stay on the front, ie until mid-December 1877, he belonged to five people who were ruled of Russia.
9 Infantry Division - General Duke Swiatopolk Mirski / Swiatopelk.
11 Corps - Duke General Schachowskoi ie Aleksy Szachowski.
The ARMAND family from Moscow [+ General Franciszek Paszkowski] and the French roots of the Konstantynowicz family [Anna Armand Konstantynowicz and Inessa Armand - Lenin Uljanov] - Prometheism / PROMETHEISM of Poles in Russia, 1877/1878 - 1904:
Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799, together with his father Paul Armand and mother Angelica (1765 / 1767 - 1813 in Moscow), the daughter of Charles, during an escape from the terror of the French Revolution.
Paul Armand b. ca 1762 was a prosperous farmer in Normandie and sympathized royalists. He, settling in Paris, opened the building workshop; there he married Angelica, b. 1767, the daughter of Charles from Alsatie; he decided to build his commerce on the French wines trade in Russia. Once the ship crashed in the Bay of Biscay and it ruined family of Armand in 1791. But Paul soon had good commercial relations in shipping ports of south France (Nice and Marseille probably).
The 29 year-old General Paul Armand, in 1791 [Jean-Louis Armand in 1799], came from Paris to Russia in the carriage of the Marquis de Courtenay [see below].
He had an antique best wines of France in barrels, bought up at the south. Paul Armand expected to open in Moscow own wine shop. On the way to Russia, he did not know that it will suffer a financial collapse: the ship will sink with wine in 1791.
After the shipwreck of wine in the Bay of Biscay, Armand transfered trade of wines to the Mediterranean ports of France, in 1792/1793, it took place perhaps during the continental blockade taken by England against Napoleon. Then, after 1815, the trade lasted maybe until the Crimean War in the 50's of the 19th century.
Paul Armand ran the wine trade through the ports in the south of France to Russia: a probable route from Marseille - Nice - after Italian Naples - Smyrna / Smyrne (see the Ralli Brothers from London, Marseille, India) in Turkey? - Crimea / Krym, where the Armand family had a very good trade agreements. A Demonsi / Demontet family ran in Moscow and in KAZAN a sales of these French wines.
When Paul Armand married [ca 1783 / 1785], he did not know what would be the basis of family trade - fashionable hats at first. Next to the fashionable shop of Armand in MOSCOW, was trading house of DEMONSI / Demonet where sold not only fashionable Parisian clothes, but also French wines, perfumes, delicacies and even lamps.
Mentioned above
Jean-Louis Armand, from his first marriage [ca 1806] to Elizabeth Osipovna (1786 / 1788 - 1817), Sabine called her, had a son Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809. From his second marriage, Jean-Louis and Marie-Barbe, nee Collignon (1780 - 1872) had a daughter Sophia, married a Swede, Osip Hecke / Hoecke/ Hacker [compare HACKER in the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company].
In 1811 in Moscow lived:
Jean-Louis Armand b. ca 1786 / 1787,
and his son Louis-Jean ARMAND, b. 1807 / 1808, French nation;
his wife Elizabeth Osipovna b. ca 1786/1787/1788 and
the daughter Elizabeth b. 1807.
Also merchant Paul / Pavel Armand b. 1762, who arrived (again?) to Moscow in 1808; his wife Angelica, the daughter of Charles, was born 1767.
Louis-Jean ARMAND, b. 1807 / 1808.
Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799.
Yevgeny Armand born in 1809 = Evgeny (Eugene Louis) Armand (1809 - 1890), the grandson of Paul Armand, worked as a foreman for weaving and dyeing factories near Moscow.
Paul was killed and Paul's son, Jean - Ivan [= Jean-Louis Armand b. ca 1786 / 1787], started a wine-import business [in 1799 in Russia - but in Moscow in 1808].
But it was Ivan's son, the first
Eugene [= Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809], who founded the Armand fortunes.
Note to Marquis de Courtenay in Russia in 1791:
The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733 [the last male member of the French Courtenays committed suicide in 1727], but his niece married the Marquis de Bauffremont, and her descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay".
However the marquis de Beauffremont [Louis de Bauffremont (1712-1769)] was made in 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and this title was recognised in France.
Above LOUIS had a brother - Prince Joseph of Bauffremont (1714-1781) who married in 1762 to Princess Louise Benigne Marie Octavie Francoise Jacqueline Laurence of Bauffremont / Princesse de Bauffremont-Courtenay [b. ca 1745 ?] 1750-1803.
JOSEPH's son -
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay, [maybe he was born before 1773 !] b. 1773, died in 1833, married in 1787 [in 1787, San Ildefonso, Province de Segovie, Castille et Leon, Espagne] to Marie-Antoinette Rosalie Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847), the daughter of Paul François of Quelen de Stuer de Caussade, second duke of La Vauguyon, prince of Carency, and Marie Antoinette Rosalie de Pons de Roquefort.
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), son of JOSEPH [not of Louis] served under the Bourbons.
He fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain, served in the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 as captain of the cavalry in the service of France.
He settled in the United States [in 1794 ?].
He later returned to France [compare General Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and was made a Count of the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France in 1815 and in 1817, and duke in 1818.
Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois had 2 sons:
Alphonse (1792-1860), 2nd Duke of Bauffremont;
Theodore (1793-1852).
Brief note on Courtenay in England:
John Courtenay Throckmorton (1753/1754-1819), fifth baronet of Coughton, county Warwick (1791).
William Paston married Mary Courtenay, daughter of mentioned John Courtenay.
Above Sir John-Courtenay, 5th bart., was commemorated as being "a ban vivant", and he was baronet after Christopher Hewetson. John was the son of George Throckmorton SENIOR, and Anna Maria
[= Anne Maria Paston b. ca 1730, was the daughter of William Paston and Mary Courtenay. Mary Courtenay b. ca 1705, was the daughter of John Courtenay. John Courtenay b. ca 1670, lived at Molland, Devon, England
(Molland-Bottreaux; in 1703 of Molland-Champson. The Courtenay family in West Molland in 1467 - 1489 - 1733 - 1863)].
Husband of Maria Katherine Giffard. Brother of Sir George Throckmorton, 6th Baronet, JUNIOR; Sir Charles Throckmorton, 7th Baronet; William Throckmorton; Robert Throckmorton and Teresa Metcalf.
Sir George "6th Baronet Throckmorton of Coughton" Courtenay-Throckmorton, JUNIOR, formerly Throckmorton. Born on 25 Sep 1754 in Warwick, England.
Now on the Konstantynowiczs - HURKO and PROMETHEISM in 1877/1878:
and his son Louis-Jean ARMAND, b. 1807 / 1808, French nation;
his wife Elizabeth Osipovna b. ca 1786/1787/1788 and
the daughter Elizabeth b. 1807.
Also merchant Paul / Pavel Armand b. 1762, who arrived (again?) to Moscow in 1808; his wife Angelica, the daughter of Charles, was born 1767.
Louis-Jean ARMAND, b. 1807 / 1808.
Jean-Louis Armand (1786 - 1855 in Moscow) appeared in Russia in 1799.
Yevgeny Armand born in 1809 = Evgeny (Eugene Louis) Armand (1809 - 1890), the grandson of Paul Armand, worked as a foreman for weaving and dyeing factories near Moscow.
Paul was killed and Paul's son, Jean - Ivan [= Jean-Louis Armand b. ca 1786 / 1787], started a wine-import business [in 1799 in Russia - but in Moscow in 1808].
But it was Ivan's son, the first
Eugene [= Yevgeny / EUGENIUSZ ARMAND, born in 1809], who founded the Armand fortunes.
Note to Marquis de Courtenay in Russia in 1791:
The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733 [the last male member of the French Courtenays committed suicide in 1727], but his niece married the Marquis de Bauffremont, and her descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay".
However the marquis de Beauffremont [Louis de Bauffremont (1712-1769)] was made in 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and this title was recognised in France.
Above LOUIS had a brother - Prince Joseph of Bauffremont (1714-1781) who married in 1762 to Princess Louise Benigne Marie Octavie Francoise Jacqueline Laurence of Bauffremont / Princesse de Bauffremont-Courtenay [b. ca 1745 ?] 1750-1803.
JOSEPH's son -
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont-Courtenay, [maybe he was born before 1773 !] b. 1773, died in 1833, married in 1787 [in 1787, San Ildefonso, Province de Segovie, Castille et Leon, Espagne] to Marie-Antoinette Rosalie Pauline of Quelen de La Vauguyon (1771-1847), the daughter of Paul François of Quelen de Stuer de Caussade, second duke of La Vauguyon, prince of Carency, and Marie Antoinette Rosalie de Pons de Roquefort.
Alexandre Emmanuel Louis de Bauffremont - Courtenay (1773-1833), son of JOSEPH [not of Louis] served under the Bourbons.
He fled France during the French Revolution and emigrated in Koblenz, then Alexandre was in Russia in 1791, he entered the rank of a colonel in Spain, served in the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 as captain of the cavalry in the service of France.
He settled in the United States [in 1794 ?].
He later returned to France [compare General Tadeusz Kosciuszko] and was made a Count of the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France in 1815 and in 1817, and duke in 1818.
Alexandre Emanuel Louis de Bauffremont, marquis de Listenois had 2 sons:
Alphonse (1792-1860), 2nd Duke of Bauffremont;
Theodore (1793-1852).
Brief note on Courtenay in England:
John Courtenay Throckmorton (1753/1754-1819), fifth baronet of Coughton, county Warwick (1791).
William Paston married Mary Courtenay, daughter of mentioned John Courtenay.
Above Sir John-Courtenay, 5th bart., was commemorated as being "a ban vivant", and he was baronet after Christopher Hewetson. John was the son of George Throckmorton SENIOR, and Anna Maria
[= Anne Maria Paston b. ca 1730, was the daughter of William Paston and Mary Courtenay. Mary Courtenay b. ca 1705, was the daughter of John Courtenay. John Courtenay b. ca 1670, lived at Molland, Devon, England
(Molland-Bottreaux; in 1703 of Molland-Champson. The Courtenay family in West Molland in 1467 - 1489 - 1733 - 1863)].
Husband of Maria Katherine Giffard. Brother of Sir George Throckmorton, 6th Baronet, JUNIOR; Sir Charles Throckmorton, 7th Baronet; William Throckmorton; Robert Throckmorton and Teresa Metcalf.
Sir George "6th Baronet Throckmorton of Coughton" Courtenay-Throckmorton, JUNIOR, formerly Throckmorton. Born on 25 Sep 1754 in Warwick, England.
Now on the Konstantynowiczs - HURKO and PROMETHEISM in 1877/1878:
Prometheism - in 1904 Jozef Pilsudski announced the division of Russia into component parts, and giving independence to countries that were strongly incorporated into Russian Empire.
The name Prometheism was described in the years 1924-1926 from the inspiration of Tadeusz Schaetzel and Tadeusz Holowko.
Georgians researcher from France and the state of Washington in the USA, Georges Mamoulia writes that the creator of the word Prometheism was HAJDAR Bammat - inf. 2009.
Wlodzimierz Baczkowski writes in 1984, on the name Prometheism is associated with the Prometheus League and followers of Józef Pilsudski.
Charaszkiewicz writes that the idea of Prometheism appeared in the Memorandum of Jozef Pilsudski to the government of Japan in 1904
[see Sieroszewski and Azbelev - the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company - in JAPAN. Breguet and Nobel around the Konstantynowiczs].
Roman Knoll in Ankara in 1924-1925 devoted his efforts to implementing the idea of Prometheism.
In the definition of the Promethean movement, it should be specified that it is not synonymous with the term Promethean thought. It is the close cooperation of the representatives of enslaved nations with "Polish factors" aimed at bringing the independence of these countries.
On the other hand, the Promethean thought from 1877/1878 is a much broader concept, it is understood as the idea of dismembering the Russian Empire based on the unified movement of nations enslaved by Russia.
Already in the years 1877-1878, Polish officers in the headquarters led the Russian Army in the Balkans, and they met with the problems of Russian imperialism and the problems of small nations in Transcaucasia and the Balkans.
In 1877 in order to overcome the ridges of the Balkans, the General JOZEF HURKO / Josif Hurko (about 12000 soldiers) was appointed as commander.
General Jozef Hurko / Iosif Vladimirovich Hurko (Gurko) born in July 1828, in Veliky Novgorod or in the village of Burnejko in Mogilev Governorate; died 1901 in the village Sakharov in the Tver Governorate; Russian field marshal.
He came from a Polish-Belarusian noble family, the son of General Vladimir Iosifowicz Hurka (1795-1852) and Tatiana Aleksandrowna, baroness Korff;
the grandson of Polish nobleman Józef Hurko-Romejko, junior, died in 1811.
General Jozef Hurko born in 1828, was a student in 1846; participant of the Crimean War (1853-1856). Then a commander of the 2nd Division of the Guard.
In the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), he was commanding the Division from June 1877, he made a march - maneuver for the Balkans (commanded by Aleksandr Puzyriewski), for which he was promoted to general-adjutant.
Mentioned above
Józef Hurko-Romejko JUNIOR died in 1811, the son of Jozef Hurko Romejko, senior, Polish nobleman and state activist of the Russian Empire, the first vice-governor of the Kurland Governorate after 1795/1796.
He came from a noble family from the Polish province of Vitebsk. He was born ca 1750/1760. He served the army as Petyhorski's lieutenant before 1796.
Recommended by the general-governor of Kurland, Peter Ludwig von Pahlen, on the newly created position of vice-governor of the Kurland Governorate. The nomination was issued by Tsarina Catherine II.
In addition to the estates in the Courland province, Jozef Hurko-Romejko, junior, also owned estates in the Mogilev Governorate, in the Orsza county.
That is
Krynki = Krotowsza or neighbouring Krotowsze / KROTOVSHE;
Wysokie Łuszajewo;
and
Pograbiówka.
He died in 1811.
Krynki was situated in the Wysoczany district; the ORSHA county in the Mohylew province.
Kratowsza, in 1849 belonged to the Mikulino Rudnia parish.
Wysokie Łuszajewo = Wysokie / Vysokoje - north to ORSHA; close to Obuchovo; Grishany; Jurcevo.
Burnejko in the Mohylew province.
General Jozef Hurko owned in 1901 Sacharowo in the TWER province [compare inf. in my domain].
KRYNKI, south-east to KOPTI; west to Bolszaja WYDREJA; south-east to VICEBSK; north to Vyshacany. See KOLPINO - west to OSIPOVO; close to LUCHOSA.
The name Prometheism was described in the years 1924-1926 from the inspiration of Tadeusz Schaetzel and Tadeusz Holowko.
Georgians researcher from France and the state of Washington in the USA, Georges Mamoulia writes that the creator of the word Prometheism was HAJDAR Bammat - inf. 2009.
Wlodzimierz Baczkowski writes in 1984, on the name Prometheism is associated with the Prometheus League and followers of Józef Pilsudski.
Charaszkiewicz writes that the idea of Prometheism appeared in the Memorandum of Jozef Pilsudski to the government of Japan in 1904
[see Sieroszewski and Azbelev - the Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company - in JAPAN. Breguet and Nobel around the Konstantynowiczs].
Roman Knoll in Ankara in 1924-1925 devoted his efforts to implementing the idea of Prometheism.
In the definition of the Promethean movement, it should be specified that it is not synonymous with the term Promethean thought. It is the close cooperation of the representatives of enslaved nations with "Polish factors" aimed at bringing the independence of these countries.
On the other hand, the Promethean thought from 1877/1878 is a much broader concept, it is understood as the idea of dismembering the Russian Empire based on the unified movement of nations enslaved by Russia.
Already in the years 1877-1878, Polish officers in the headquarters led the Russian Army in the Balkans, and they met with the problems of Russian imperialism and the problems of small nations in Transcaucasia and the Balkans.
In 1877 in order to overcome the ridges of the Balkans, the General JOZEF HURKO / Josif Hurko (about 12000 soldiers) was appointed as commander.
General Jozef Hurko / Iosif Vladimirovich Hurko (Gurko) born in July 1828, in Veliky Novgorod or in the village of Burnejko in Mogilev Governorate; died 1901 in the village Sakharov in the Tver Governorate; Russian field marshal.
He came from a Polish-Belarusian noble family, the son of General Vladimir Iosifowicz Hurka (1795-1852) and Tatiana Aleksandrowna, baroness Korff;
the grandson of Polish nobleman Józef Hurko-Romejko, junior, died in 1811.
General Jozef Hurko born in 1828, was a student in 1846; participant of the Crimean War (1853-1856). Then a commander of the 2nd Division of the Guard.
In the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), he was commanding the Division from June 1877, he made a march - maneuver for the Balkans (commanded by Aleksandr Puzyriewski), for which he was promoted to general-adjutant.
Mentioned above
Józef Hurko-Romejko JUNIOR died in 1811, the son of Jozef Hurko Romejko, senior, Polish nobleman and state activist of the Russian Empire, the first vice-governor of the Kurland Governorate after 1795/1796.
He came from a noble family from the Polish province of Vitebsk. He was born ca 1750/1760. He served the army as Petyhorski's lieutenant before 1796.
Recommended by the general-governor of Kurland, Peter Ludwig von Pahlen, on the newly created position of vice-governor of the Kurland Governorate. The nomination was issued by Tsarina Catherine II.
In addition to the estates in the Courland province, Jozef Hurko-Romejko, junior, also owned estates in the Mogilev Governorate, in the Orsza county.
That is
Krynki = Krotowsza or neighbouring Krotowsze / KROTOVSHE;
Wysokie Łuszajewo;
and
Pograbiówka.
He died in 1811.
Krynki was situated in the Wysoczany district; the ORSHA county in the Mohylew province.
Kratowsza, in 1849 belonged to the Mikulino Rudnia parish.
Wysokie Łuszajewo = Wysokie / Vysokoje - north to ORSHA; close to Obuchovo; Grishany; Jurcevo.
Burnejko in the Mohylew province.
General Jozef Hurko owned in 1901 Sacharowo in the TWER province [compare inf. in my domain].
KRYNKI, south-east to KOPTI; west to Bolszaja WYDREJA; south-east to VICEBSK; north to Vyshacany. See KOLPINO - west to OSIPOVO; close to LUCHOSA.
BABINOWICZE / Babinavichy - in the 17th and 18th cent. belonged to OGINSKI. 1772 to Russia. Babinowicze, the Orsza county; by the Werchita River. Бабінавічы / Babinowicze in the ORSHA county - Babinowicze - south to Liozno, of the Vitebsk region of Belarus. North to ORSHA.
Józef Hurko-Romejko JUNIOR b. ca 1750/1760, was the son of SENIOR Jozef Hurko / JOZEF HURKO - ROMEJKO, born ca 1710 - in 1759-1780 the Vitebsk chamberlain.
Jozef Hurko / Gurko, senior, was maybe the son of JAN HURKO, born ca 1680 from KROTOWSZE-KRYNKI.
Christina Golynskaya (Krystyna Holynska) was the third daughter of Stephen Holynski. She gave her estate in will to her brother Kazimierz HOLYNSKI, and to her sister Frantiska.
In 1718, she sold the Chodun estate in the hands of the Order of Jesuits.
Frantisek Rogosa / Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms, born ca 1670 - but not the Srzhenyava (Szreniawa) arms - was the first husband of KRYSTYNA HOLYNSKA; the second husband: Jan Gurko (Jan Hurko born ca 1680 of Krotowsze-Krynki) was the Vitebsk province clerk and was mentioned in 1714.
Acc. to 'Secret Memoirs of the Court of Petersburg...' Zachary Konstantynowicz / Constantinowitz in 1796 was a valet (servant) of Yekaterina Alexeevna or Catherine II the Great, Empress of Russia.
Stephen (Stefan) Golynsky (Stefan Kazimierz Holynski born ca 1630/1640) was the third son of Davyd / Dawid Holynski, owned the estate Soin (Soino, Soino Wielkie, Woronowe Slobody).
In 1663 Golynsky / Holynski mentioned, Mayor Zhmudsky, served in the regiment of Ilya Surin (mother of Stepan Holynski was kind of Surin ancestry).
On January 31, 1664 a priest of the Mstislavl Church, Herman Konstantynowicz filed a complaint against Paul Moskevich and Stephen Golynsky / Stefan Holynski for armed mob to his house, for loot his grain bread and torturing her daughters
(a data extracted from the Vitebsk and Mogilev documentary province books, stored in a central repository in Vitebsk, and published under the editorship of M. Verevkin, T. 24, Vitebsk 1893, p. 455-457).
Christina Golynskaya
(Krystyna Holynska born ca 1680)
was the third daughter of Stephen Holynski / STEFAN HOLYNSKI born 1630/1640. She gave her estate in will to her brother Kazimierz and to her sister Frantiska. In 1718, she sold the Chodun estate in the hands of the Order of Jesuits. Frantisek Rogosa / Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms - but not the Srzhenyava (Szreniawa) arms - was her first husband; the second husband: Jan Gurko (Jan Hurko born ca 1680) was the Vitebsk province clerk and was mentioned in 1714
(I think that the above error about the Rohoza nickname arose from confusion between this nickname and surname Rahoza; for example Michał Rahoza with the Szreniawa coat of arms from Kiev in 1579).
Józef HURKO JUNIOR, had 2 sons:
Leopold Hurko (1783-1860) the Russian Major General;
Włodzimierz Hurko (1795-1852) the Russian General; and the daughter
Ewelina (d. 1821 in ROMA) - the wife of Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the POLOCK official (1778-1840), the son of Justynian Niemirowicz.
Włodzimierz [1795-1852], had a son {the grandson of Józef HURKO [died in 1811]} the Russian Field Marshal and the Warsaw governor, Józef Władimirowicz Hurko / Romeiko-Gourko / Иосиф Владимирович Гурко (1828-1901).
Zenaida Lubomirska nee Hołyńska, b. 1820 in Rowne / Rivne, was daughter of Michał Hołyński and Elżbieta Tolstoj; wife of Kazimierz Anastazy Karol Lubomirski
with children:
Stanisław Michał Henryk Michał Henryk Lubomirski [1838-1918],
and Marie Lannes de Montebello.
Above Michał Hołyński / Михаил Иванович Голынский, b. 1784, was son of Jan (Ivan) Hołyński and Barbara KASZYC.
Above Jan (Ivan) Hołyński b. 1746, was son of Józef Antoni Tadeusz Hołyński and Petronela ZUKOWSKA.
Above Józef Antoni Hołyński / Juozas Antanas Holinskis of the MSCISLAU province of POLAND, born ca 1720/1730, was son of Kazimierz Hołyński b. ca 1670, and Teofila MOSKIEWICZ.
Kazimierz Hołyński b. ca 1670 - the son of Stefan Kazimierz Hołyński and Izabela Ostankiewicz.
Józef Hurko-Romejko JUNIOR b. ca 1750/1760, was the son of SENIOR Jozef Hurko / JOZEF HURKO - ROMEJKO, born ca 1710 - in 1759-1780 the Vitebsk chamberlain.
Jozef Hurko / Gurko, senior, was maybe the son of JAN HURKO, born ca 1680 from KROTOWSZE-KRYNKI.
Christina Golynskaya (Krystyna Holynska) was the third daughter of Stephen Holynski. She gave her estate in will to her brother Kazimierz HOLYNSKI, and to her sister Frantiska.
In 1718, she sold the Chodun estate in the hands of the Order of Jesuits.
Frantisek Rogosa / Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms, born ca 1670 - but not the Srzhenyava (Szreniawa) arms - was the first husband of KRYSTYNA HOLYNSKA; the second husband: Jan Gurko (Jan Hurko born ca 1680 of Krotowsze-Krynki) was the Vitebsk province clerk and was mentioned in 1714.
Acc. to 'Secret Memoirs of the Court of Petersburg...' Zachary Konstantynowicz / Constantinowitz in 1796 was a valet (servant) of Yekaterina Alexeevna or Catherine II the Great, Empress of Russia.
Stephen (Stefan) Golynsky (Stefan Kazimierz Holynski born ca 1630/1640) was the third son of Davyd / Dawid Holynski, owned the estate Soin (Soino, Soino Wielkie, Woronowe Slobody).
In 1663 Golynsky / Holynski mentioned, Mayor Zhmudsky, served in the regiment of Ilya Surin (mother of Stepan Holynski was kind of Surin ancestry).
On January 31, 1664 a priest of the Mstislavl Church, Herman Konstantynowicz filed a complaint against Paul Moskevich and Stephen Golynsky / Stefan Holynski for armed mob to his house, for loot his grain bread and torturing her daughters
(a data extracted from the Vitebsk and Mogilev documentary province books, stored in a central repository in Vitebsk, and published under the editorship of M. Verevkin, T. 24, Vitebsk 1893, p. 455-457).
Christina Golynskaya
(Krystyna Holynska born ca 1680)
was the third daughter of Stephen Holynski / STEFAN HOLYNSKI born 1630/1640. She gave her estate in will to her brother Kazimierz and to her sister Frantiska. In 1718, she sold the Chodun estate in the hands of the Order of Jesuits. Frantisek Rogosa / Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz with the Fox coat of arms - but not the Srzhenyava (Szreniawa) arms - was her first husband; the second husband: Jan Gurko (Jan Hurko born ca 1680) was the Vitebsk province clerk and was mentioned in 1714
(I think that the above error about the Rohoza nickname arose from confusion between this nickname and surname Rahoza; for example Michał Rahoza with the Szreniawa coat of arms from Kiev in 1579).
Józef HURKO JUNIOR, had 2 sons:
Leopold Hurko (1783-1860) the Russian Major General;
Włodzimierz Hurko (1795-1852) the Russian General; and the daughter
Ewelina (d. 1821 in ROMA) - the wife of Tadeusz Niemirowicz-Szczytt, the POLOCK official (1778-1840), the son of Justynian Niemirowicz.
Włodzimierz [1795-1852], had a son {the grandson of Józef HURKO [died in 1811]} the Russian Field Marshal and the Warsaw governor, Józef Władimirowicz Hurko / Romeiko-Gourko / Иосиф Владимирович Гурко (1828-1901).
Zenaida Lubomirska nee Hołyńska, b. 1820 in Rowne / Rivne, was daughter of Michał Hołyński and Elżbieta Tolstoj; wife of Kazimierz Anastazy Karol Lubomirski
with children:
Stanisław Michał Henryk Michał Henryk Lubomirski [1838-1918],
and Marie Lannes de Montebello.
Above Michał Hołyński / Михаил Иванович Голынский, b. 1784, was son of Jan (Ivan) Hołyński and Barbara KASZYC.
Above Jan (Ivan) Hołyński b. 1746, was son of Józef Antoni Tadeusz Hołyński and Petronela ZUKOWSKA.
Above Józef Antoni Hołyński / Juozas Antanas Holinskis of the MSCISLAU province of POLAND, born ca 1720/1730, was son of Kazimierz Hołyński b. ca 1670, and Teofila MOSKIEWICZ.
Kazimierz Hołyński b. ca 1670 - the son of Stefan Kazimierz Hołyński and Izabela Ostankiewicz.
KAZIMIERZ of the MSCISLAU province was brother of
Franciszka Holynska born ca 1665;
Teofila Wojna;
Jan Michał Hołyński;
Krystyna Romeyko-Hurko - Konstantynowicz born ca 1680;
Jakub Hołyński;
and Barbara Romeyko-Hurko.
Note to above mentioned KAZIMIERZ Holynski b. ca 1670:
Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz b. ca 1670/1680, near of kin with Holynski family from Soino (either Big Soino or Voronove Slobody near by a farm of Mielkovka = Mietkowka), and his siblings, and Hurko family also (from Krotowsza otherwise called Krynki or Krotovshe that belonged to Romejko - Hurko family in the Orsa district / JAN HURKO born ca 1670) were in trouble with Holynski
(Kazimierz Holynski born ca 1670, the son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski from Chlyszczewo i.e. Chwostowo close by border between Belarus and Russia, from Soino and Uszpol, born ca 1630/1640)
family after 1714.
The above Soino is situated 18 km east away from Mscislau, at territory of Russia now i.e. 7 km from present border; it was the Grand duchy of Lithuania 1359 - 1772 and next in Russia: the Mstislavl district, Soino region = "volost" that is similar to county, in a parish of Mscislau (archbishopric of Mahileu, in the Mscislau - Klimavicy catholic area were three parishes: Lozovica, Mscislau and Smolensk in the 19th cent.);
one our leg lived in the territory of present Belarus, but the second one stood at the present land of Russia in borders after 1992.
A fortunes of Poles in this remote easterly territories of the former Both Nations Republic turned out differently than by Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since the end of the 18th cent. [see 1877/1878] or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century.
George Washington and Thomas Jefferson closely connected with Bystrzanowski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko after 1776.
For the first time, by Polish, after about 240 years, I give one of the names, a person who accompanied Tadeusz Kosciuszko to Martynika in the summer of 1776.
We have two sources here by English, including one book from the first half of the 19th century.
The following layout, configuration is created:
Freemasonry and General George Washington / Jerzy Washington - Bystrzanowski Szafraniec or {B. Bystrzanowski / Bronislaw, acc. to me} Bystrzanowski / Br. Bystrzonowski {Br. = Brother ?}, a Polish soldier who came over to America, the US country, Freemason, together with Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Tadheus Kosciusko in the Summer of 1776
- the Bystrzanowski / Soltyk family from Sekursko - Trzebniow - Dabrowno {a line to Konarski and Kell - MI5 - more below !};
closely affiliated with the KIEDRZYNSKI family of KAMYK - Kiedrzyn near Czestochowa and Bleszynski of Wielgomlyny [in SEKURSKO of Bystrzanowski];
the Paszkowski family:
Jan Paszkowski [Dabrowno with Sebastian Bystrzanowski];
his sons: 1.
Wojciech Paszkowski
[Trzebniow belonged to Sebastian Bystrzanowski, and the estate was managed by Wojciech Paszkowski who was the friend to Artur Potocki - the bearer of the Templar degree of the Freemasonry +
General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski in CRACOW in 1830/1832 + the Templars around General Franciszek Paszkowski in Cracow after 1840 - the line to Duke Kent in Scotland
- the line to Demonsi of KAZAN; Armand of Moscow {+ Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska Armand + Anna Konstantynowicz / Lenin and Inessa Armand / Lenin};
Breguet {+ Kazan, St. Petersburg, Duflon, Venture de Paradise, Maleszewski - Poniatowski, Jozef Sulkowski};
Duflon {+ Drzewiecki + Martynov / Katenin / Orlov Denisov} + Konstantynowicz / Armand in Moscow, Swolna, Miezonka, Nomme-Tallinn];
2.
and next son General Franciszek Paszkowski + political relationships with General Stanislaw Fiszer + General Tadeusz Kosciuszko
[Kosciuszko - the friend of Thomas Jefferson - the ILLUMINATI - see Polish conspirators:
Szaniawski,
Horodyski,
Neyman,
Soltyk,
and MALESZEWSKI - 1789 in France and the ILLUMINATI - Breguet and KAZAN].
Franciszka Holynska born ca 1665;
Teofila Wojna;
Jan Michał Hołyński;
Krystyna Romeyko-Hurko - Konstantynowicz born ca 1680;
Jakub Hołyński;
and Barbara Romeyko-Hurko.
Note to above mentioned KAZIMIERZ Holynski b. ca 1670:
Franciszek Rohoza Konstantynowicz b. ca 1670/1680, near of kin with Holynski family from Soino (either Big Soino or Voronove Slobody near by a farm of Mielkovka = Mietkowka), and his siblings, and Hurko family also (from Krotowsza otherwise called Krynki or Krotovshe that belonged to Romejko - Hurko family in the Orsa district / JAN HURKO born ca 1670) were in trouble with Holynski
(Kazimierz Holynski born ca 1670, the son of Stefan Kazimierz Holynski from Chlyszczewo i.e. Chwostowo close by border between Belarus and Russia, from Soino and Uszpol, born ca 1630/1640)
family after 1714.
The above Soino is situated 18 km east away from Mscislau, at territory of Russia now i.e. 7 km from present border; it was the Grand duchy of Lithuania 1359 - 1772 and next in Russia: the Mstislavl district, Soino region = "volost" that is similar to county, in a parish of Mscislau (archbishopric of Mahileu, in the Mscislau - Klimavicy catholic area were three parishes: Lozovica, Mscislau and Smolensk in the 19th cent.);
one our leg lived in the territory of present Belarus, but the second one stood at the present land of Russia in borders after 1992.
A fortunes of Poles in this remote easterly territories of the former Both Nations Republic turned out differently than by Vistula, because not a few Poles had got to choose military service in the Russian Army since the end of the 18th cent. [see 1877/1878] or they worked as engineers in different corners of former Russia since second half of the 19th century.
George Washington and Thomas Jefferson closely connected with Bystrzanowski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko after 1776.
For the first time, by Polish, after about 240 years, I give one of the names, a person who accompanied Tadeusz Kosciuszko to Martynika in the summer of 1776.
We have two sources here by English, including one book from the first half of the 19th century.
The following layout, configuration is created:
Freemasonry and General George Washington / Jerzy Washington - Bystrzanowski Szafraniec or {B. Bystrzanowski / Bronislaw, acc. to me} Bystrzanowski / Br. Bystrzonowski {Br. = Brother ?}, a Polish soldier who came over to America, the US country, Freemason, together with Tadeusz Kosciuszko / Tadheus Kosciusko in the Summer of 1776
- the Bystrzanowski / Soltyk family from Sekursko - Trzebniow - Dabrowno {a line to Konarski and Kell - MI5 - more below !};
closely affiliated with the KIEDRZYNSKI family of KAMYK - Kiedrzyn near Czestochowa and Bleszynski of Wielgomlyny [in SEKURSKO of Bystrzanowski];
the Paszkowski family:
Jan Paszkowski [Dabrowno with Sebastian Bystrzanowski];
his sons: 1.
Wojciech Paszkowski
[Trzebniow belonged to Sebastian Bystrzanowski, and the estate was managed by Wojciech Paszkowski who was the friend to Artur Potocki - the bearer of the Templar degree of the Freemasonry +
General Franciszek Maksymilian Paszkowski in CRACOW in 1830/1832 + the Templars around General Franciszek Paszkowski in Cracow after 1840 - the line to Duke Kent in Scotland
- the line to Demonsi of KAZAN; Armand of Moscow {+ Maria Wilhelmina Paszkowska Armand + Anna Konstantynowicz / Lenin and Inessa Armand / Lenin};
Breguet {+ Kazan, St. Petersburg, Duflon, Venture de Paradise, Maleszewski - Poniatowski, Jozef Sulkowski};
Duflon {+ Drzewiecki + Martynov / Katenin / Orlov Denisov} + Konstantynowicz / Armand in Moscow, Swolna, Miezonka, Nomme-Tallinn];
2.
and next son General Franciszek Paszkowski + political relationships with General Stanislaw Fiszer + General Tadeusz Kosciuszko
[Kosciuszko - the friend of Thomas Jefferson - the ILLUMINATI - see Polish conspirators:
Szaniawski,
Horodyski,
Neyman,
Soltyk,
and MALESZEWSKI - 1789 in France and the ILLUMINATI - Breguet and KAZAN].
Tadeusz Kosciuszko, the hero of Poland and the United States, an honorary French citizen, happily saved from the maritime disaster, stayed in July 1776 at Martinique and moved to America to fight for the independence of the United States. Tadeusz Kosciuszko set off from France to America in July 1776. At the Martinique coast, the ship crashed on the reefs, but Kosciuszko and five other Poles survived - they flowed with him as volunteers to the American army. They spent a month in Martinique because no ships were traveling due to numerous storms. Unable to wait, they hired a small fishing boat and sailed to Miami [Spanish city].
Information about the catastrophe of the Kosciuszko ship was released only one year later in the 'Nowiny' newspaper. Kosciuszko was already a colonel of the American army. He was there for eight years, during which he fought for independence of the United States, he worked as an engineer.
Wanting to go to America, Kosciuszko probably came to a well-known French writer - Pierre Augustian de Beamarchais, who as a member of the French intelligence could help him on a trip to America. Probably in June 1776, he left the port of Le Havre.
The many dangers that he experienced during the cruise, the 'Nowiny' described on April 16, 1777.
During a voyage to America, a ship carrying Kosciuszko and five others, unknown Poles, turns off course during a storm and crashes near the island of Martinique.
One of the Poles was Bystrzanowski, maybe born ca 1745/1755.
We will venture to cite one other anecdote as indicative of the character of the american Masonic Lodges. It is, we believe, a well authenticated fact, that the presiding officer of the Lodge which held its meetings in that division of the army which was under the immediate command of General Washington, was a common soldier - an obscure Sergeant for his Worshipful Master, when he was as much the Dictator of his country as Caesar was of Rome!
St. John's Lodge in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States, is the oldest Masonic lodge in New Hampshire; it was founded either in 1734 or in 1736; a title also claimed by Solomon's Lodge in Savannah, Georgia, which was founded in 1734.
Soon after, the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire was formed and was finalized on April 8, 1790. Until that time, St. John's was under the Massachusetts Grand Lodge.
Masonry in America:
1717 - the regulation of Grand Lodge of England.
1720 - the first Charters and Dispensations issued by the Grand Lodge at London.
1733 - Boston: a Warrant by the Lord Viscount Montage of London.
1779 - General Sulivan in New Hampshire; at Tioga Point, the first Lodge of the Army was opened.
George Washington met the nineteen-year-old Marquis de Lafayette on August 5, 1777; The Marquis was recruited to serve in the American cause by Silas Deane, who headed an American effort in Paris to enlist French Army officers in the cause. Instead, Deane believed that Lafayette would be valuable to the American cause because of his connections to the Court of Louis XVI.
The nineteen-year-old received his Major General's sash on July 31. Five days later, he met George Washington who travelled to Philadelphia.
While he was commander in chief of the American armies during the Revolutionary War, Washington frequently attended the meetings of military lodges. He presided over Masonic ceremonies initiating his officers and frequently attended the Communications of the Brethren (lodge meetings).
It shows U. S. President George Washington presiding over a meeting of the Lodge of the Alexandria, Virginia Masonic Lodge.
Washington, the presiding officer of a lodge in the Army of the Revolution - it originally belonged to [Bronislaw ?] Bystrzanowski, a Polish soldier, who came over to this country with Kosciuszko, and served in the American army under Gen. Washington. Being a Mason, Bystrzanowski was associated with Washington in one of the army lodges, having authority to confer the mark degree, and over which George Washington presided for a time as Master.
Information about the catastrophe of the Kosciuszko ship was released only one year later in the 'Nowiny' newspaper. Kosciuszko was already a colonel of the American army. He was there for eight years, during which he fought for independence of the United States, he worked as an engineer.
Wanting to go to America, Kosciuszko probably came to a well-known French writer - Pierre Augustian de Beamarchais, who as a member of the French intelligence could help him on a trip to America. Probably in June 1776, he left the port of Le Havre.
The many dangers that he experienced during the cruise, the 'Nowiny' described on April 16, 1777.
During a voyage to America, a ship carrying Kosciuszko and five others, unknown Poles, turns off course during a storm and crashes near the island of Martinique.
One of the Poles was Bystrzanowski, maybe born ca 1745/1755.
We will venture to cite one other anecdote as indicative of the character of the american Masonic Lodges. It is, we believe, a well authenticated fact, that the presiding officer of the Lodge which held its meetings in that division of the army which was under the immediate command of General Washington, was a common soldier - an obscure Sergeant for his Worshipful Master, when he was as much the Dictator of his country as Caesar was of Rome!
St. John's Lodge in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States, is the oldest Masonic lodge in New Hampshire; it was founded either in 1734 or in 1736; a title also claimed by Solomon's Lodge in Savannah, Georgia, which was founded in 1734.
Soon after, the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire was formed and was finalized on April 8, 1790. Until that time, St. John's was under the Massachusetts Grand Lodge.
Masonry in America:
1717 - the regulation of Grand Lodge of England.
1720 - the first Charters and Dispensations issued by the Grand Lodge at London.
1733 - Boston: a Warrant by the Lord Viscount Montage of London.
1779 - General Sulivan in New Hampshire; at Tioga Point, the first Lodge of the Army was opened.
George Washington met the nineteen-year-old Marquis de Lafayette on August 5, 1777; The Marquis was recruited to serve in the American cause by Silas Deane, who headed an American effort in Paris to enlist French Army officers in the cause. Instead, Deane believed that Lafayette would be valuable to the American cause because of his connections to the Court of Louis XVI.
The nineteen-year-old received his Major General's sash on July 31. Five days later, he met George Washington who travelled to Philadelphia.
While he was commander in chief of the American armies during the Revolutionary War, Washington frequently attended the meetings of military lodges. He presided over Masonic ceremonies initiating his officers and frequently attended the Communications of the Brethren (lodge meetings).
It shows U. S. President George Washington presiding over a meeting of the Lodge of the Alexandria, Virginia Masonic Lodge.
Washington, the presiding officer of a lodge in the Army of the Revolution - it originally belonged to [Bronislaw ?] Bystrzanowski, a Polish soldier, who came over to this country with Kosciuszko, and served in the American army under Gen. Washington. Being a Mason, Bystrzanowski was associated with Washington in one of the army lodges, having authority to confer the mark degree, and over which George Washington presided for a time as Master.
George Washington joined the Masonic Lodge in Fredericksburg, Virginia, at the age of twenty in 1752. During the War for Independence, General Washington attended Masonic celebrations and religious observances in several states. He also supported Masonic lodges that formed within army regiments.
At his first inauguration in 1791, President Washington took his oath of office on a Bible from St. John's Lodge in New York. During his two terms, he visited Masons in North and South Carolina, and presided over the ceremony at the U.S. Capitol in 1793. In retirement, Washington became charter Master of the newly chartered Alexandria Lodge 22; and in death, was buried with Masonic honors.
Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22:
the Grand Lodge of Virginia having been formed, October 13, 1778, the Lodge withdrew from Pennsylvania obedience and received a Virginia charter dated April 28, 1788 as Alexandria Lodge No. 22. George Washington (later inaugurated as President of the United States on April 4, 1789) with his personal consent, was named Worshipful Master in the Virginia charter.
B. Bystrzanowski [= Br. Bystrzanowski], he came to North America during the War of Independence, he served in the American army; he had a Masons degree - Mark Mason - with the right to give it to others; it's the military Lodge to which George Washington belonged.
See: ... Free and Accepted Masons 1928 - 1953, New York 1953, p. 38. And L. Hass, Wolnomularze polscy w losach Zachodu ..., Ars Regia, R. 7/8 (1998/1999), s. 131 - 230.
The Knights Templar - The Order of Mark Master Masons:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was "appointed Provincial Grand Master [the first in 1767] of several provinces [the Provincial Grand Master for Essex in 1776, and in 1786 the Provincial Grand Master for the County of Dorset], promoting Royal Arch masonry, introducing Mark Masonry to England, and instituting a national body for Templar masonry".
The first evidence of Mark Masonry is in 1769, when Dunckerley, at a Royal Arch Chapter, made several brethren Mark Masons and Mark Masters [Br. Bystrzanowski = B. Bystrzanowski = Szafraniec-Bystrzonowski in France in 1776 was MARK MASON, either he was Mark Mason before 1776 in UK or after 1776 in America he was Mark Mason/Mark Master]. "It is possible that Dunckerley created the degree", by Wikipedia.
The earliest records of a Mark degree in England are those of Royal Arch Chapter No 257 at Portsmouth in 1769. It was introduced by Thomas Dunkerley. It is clear that the Mark Degrees were worked in CRAFT LODGES and in Royal Arch Chapters up until 1813.
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the English Masonic Knights Templar;
by the Duke of Kent almost a decade later.
"... The Order of Mark Master Masons is an appendant order of Freemasonry that exists in some Masonic jurisdictions, and confers the degrees of Mark Mason and Mark Master".
Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas speculate "that the construction of the Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland (1440 - 1490) provided the interface between the Knights Templar and Freemasonry. According to that analysis, the first degree and Mark Masonry was introduced by William Sinclair, whom they claim was the first Grand Master and founder of Freemasonry ... The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta of England and Wales and Its Provinces Overseas, better known as the Knights Templar, is a Masonic body founded in its current form in 1895. ...
At his first inauguration in 1791, President Washington took his oath of office on a Bible from St. John's Lodge in New York. During his two terms, he visited Masons in North and South Carolina, and presided over the ceremony at the U.S. Capitol in 1793. In retirement, Washington became charter Master of the newly chartered Alexandria Lodge 22; and in death, was buried with Masonic honors.
Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22:
the Grand Lodge of Virginia having been formed, October 13, 1778, the Lodge withdrew from Pennsylvania obedience and received a Virginia charter dated April 28, 1788 as Alexandria Lodge No. 22. George Washington (later inaugurated as President of the United States on April 4, 1789) with his personal consent, was named Worshipful Master in the Virginia charter.
B. Bystrzanowski [= Br. Bystrzanowski], he came to North America during the War of Independence, he served in the American army; he had a Masons degree - Mark Mason - with the right to give it to others; it's the military Lodge to which George Washington belonged.
See: ... Free and Accepted Masons 1928 - 1953, New York 1953, p. 38. And L. Hass, Wolnomularze polscy w losach Zachodu ..., Ars Regia, R. 7/8 (1998/1999), s. 131 - 230.
The Knights Templar - The Order of Mark Master Masons:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was "appointed Provincial Grand Master [the first in 1767] of several provinces [the Provincial Grand Master for Essex in 1776, and in 1786 the Provincial Grand Master for the County of Dorset], promoting Royal Arch masonry, introducing Mark Masonry to England, and instituting a national body for Templar masonry".
The first evidence of Mark Masonry is in 1769, when Dunckerley, at a Royal Arch Chapter, made several brethren Mark Masons and Mark Masters [Br. Bystrzanowski = B. Bystrzanowski = Szafraniec-Bystrzonowski in France in 1776 was MARK MASON, either he was Mark Mason before 1776 in UK or after 1776 in America he was Mark Mason/Mark Master]. "It is possible that Dunckerley created the degree", by Wikipedia.
The earliest records of a Mark degree in England are those of Royal Arch Chapter No 257 at Portsmouth in 1769. It was introduced by Thomas Dunkerley. It is clear that the Mark Degrees were worked in CRAFT LODGES and in Royal Arch Chapters up until 1813.
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the English Masonic Knights Templar;
by the Duke of Kent almost a decade later.
"... The Order of Mark Master Masons is an appendant order of Freemasonry that exists in some Masonic jurisdictions, and confers the degrees of Mark Mason and Mark Master".
Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas speculate "that the construction of the Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland (1440 - 1490) provided the interface between the Knights Templar and Freemasonry. According to that analysis, the first degree and Mark Masonry was introduced by William Sinclair, whom they claim was the first Grand Master and founder of Freemasonry ... The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta of England and Wales and Its Provinces Overseas, better known as the Knights Templar, is a Masonic body founded in its current form in 1895. ...
The specific "Knights Templar" fraternal order connected to Freemasonry originated from Thomas Dunckerley toward the end of the 18th century ...
... In 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance, which ritual he claimed to have received from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris. he was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and ... to have met two of the "unknown superiors" who directed all of masonry, one of whom was Prince Charles Edward Stuart. ... In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland..." - all above by Wikipedia and others webnet sources.
The Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of Ł100, rising to Ł800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother - the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.
The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland.
"This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836". "The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then followed, in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself. Kilwinning Abbey was a home to the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.
In 1796 Alexander Deuchar becomes the Heritor to the Jacobite Templar legacy. Alexander Deuchar (1777 - 1844) stayed in Lyon, his family had been Jacobite; in 1807, Deuchar holds a meeting of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the new Order started formally in 1805 "when a charter was issued to by the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland (previously the High Knight Templars of Ireland Lodge), under the title of the Edinburgh Encampment No 31" - it became the Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the charter was granted in 1811, for the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulcher, and of St. John of Jerusalem.
In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria! The Duke of Kent was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. His mother - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
... In 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance, which ritual he claimed to have received from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris. he was initiated, by Scottish knights, into the Order of the Knights Templar, and ... to have met two of the "unknown superiors" who directed all of masonry, one of whom was Prince Charles Edward Stuart. ... In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland..." - all above by Wikipedia and others webnet sources.
The Templar masonry in England and the Order of MALTA:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of Ł100, rising to Ł800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother - the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (1720 - 1788), was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III). In 1742, Lord Kilmarnock and other exiled Stuart participants received Karl Gotthelf, Baron Von Hund into the Order of the Temple in Paris showing the Jacobite Templar link still existed; and in 1745, Prince Charles Edward Stuart given a gala meeting for the Chivalry of the Order in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland.
The next step was in 1779 when the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland.
"This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836". "The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780".
In 1791, Dunckerley became the Grand Master of the first national Grand Conclave of English Masonic Knights Templar; then followed, in 1805 by their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, who became Grand Master himself. Kilwinning Abbey was a home to the Knights Templar and birthplace of the Freemasons.
In 1796 Alexander Deuchar becomes the Heritor to the Jacobite Templar legacy. Alexander Deuchar (1777 - 1844) stayed in Lyon, his family had been Jacobite; in 1807, Deuchar holds a meeting of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the new Order started formally in 1805 "when a charter was issued to by the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland (previously the High Knight Templars of Ireland Lodge), under the title of the Edinburgh Encampment No 31" - it became the Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh; the charter was granted in 1811, for the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulcher, and of St. John of Jerusalem.
In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - above Prince Edward became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria! The Duke of Kent was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces in 1805. His wife was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld with daughter Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. His mother - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Martinism "as a mystical tradition, it was first transmitted through a masonic high-degree system established around 1740 in France by Martinez de Pasqually, and later propagated in different forms by his two students Louis Claude de Saint-Martin and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz". Or Martinism is a specific form of Christian mysticism, an esoteric Christianity; founded 1754 in Paris, by Martinez Paschalis, and
in 1775 by Louis Claude de Saint Martin, near to Illumine [Illuminate] - Jean Willermoz who voted the death of the King of France in 1782.
The Scottish Rectified Rite or Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cite-Sainte was originally a Masonic rite, a reformed variant of the Rite of Strict Observance,
which underlies both Martinism and the practices of the Elus-Cohens; was founded in the late 18th century by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who was a pupil of Martinez de Pasqually and a friend of Saint-Martin.
The Modern Martinist Order was established with three degrees in Paris.
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792; Scottish Rite; he is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld.
Jonathan Eybeschütz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. According to Jacob Katz, Jonathan Eybeschütz's grandson was rumored to be Baron Thomas von Schoenfeld, an apostate Jew who inherited his grandfather's collection of Sabbatean kabbalistic works.
He eventually left the Sabbatean movement and founded a
Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna.
After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.
Above Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg b. 1721, Wolfenbüttel, was a German-Prussian field marshal (1758 - 1766) "known for his participation in the Seven Years' War. From 1757 to 1762 he led an Anglo-German army in Western Germany which successfully repelled French attempts to occupy Hanover...".
The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast , with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter. In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790].
The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too. Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1800. A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful. From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785.
Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries; Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years, but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.
It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia is not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.
But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century.
Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.
in 1775 by Louis Claude de Saint Martin, near to Illumine [Illuminate] - Jean Willermoz who voted the death of the King of France in 1782.
The Scottish Rectified Rite or Chevaliers Bienfaisants de la Cite-Sainte was originally a Masonic rite, a reformed variant of the Rite of Strict Observance,
which underlies both Martinism and the practices of the Elus-Cohens; was founded in the late 18th century by Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, who was a pupil of Martinez de Pasqually and a friend of Saint-Martin.
The Modern Martinist Order was established with three degrees in Paris.
Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick 1721 - 1792; Scottish Rite; he is the same Duke of Brunswick who was mentioned in Robison's secret Illuminati membership list, patron of the Asiatic Brethern, an Illuminati offshoot.
The Sabbatian Vienna Lodge of the Asiatic Brethren was founded by Jacob Frank's cousin, Moses Dobrushka, alias Von Schoenfeld.
Jonathan Eybeschütz born in Cracow in 1690, d. Altona, 1764, was a Talmudist, Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. According to Jacob Katz, Jonathan Eybeschütz's grandson was rumored to be Baron Thomas von Schoenfeld, an apostate Jew who inherited his grandfather's collection of Sabbatean kabbalistic works.
He eventually left the Sabbatean movement and founded a
Masonic lodge called the Asiatische Bruder, one of four Illuminati lodges in Vienna.
After his uncle's death in 1791, he was offered the leadership of the Frankist movement which he refused.
Above Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg b. 1721, Wolfenbüttel, was a German-Prussian field marshal (1758 - 1766) "known for his participation in the Seven Years' War. From 1757 to 1762 he led an Anglo-German army in Western Germany which successfully repelled French attempts to occupy Hanover...".
The vocation to live a few pseudo-secret organizations, very fast , with extremely strange names and rituals, names dating back to the deep Middle Ages, causes the astonishment and even awakens laughter. In the course of 50 years each of these organizations tried to take control of the other [1740-1790].
The United Kingdom, Russia and France sent out for supreme positions in these organizations, his trusted men, too. Only the United Kingdom has been successful taking over control of the Scottish mysterious structures, but it was in the years 1790-1800. A previously plan of mysterious brain was successful. From England broke away its colonies [without Canada] in the years around 1776-1785.
Blows from the inside hit in France and Poland [1780s] destroying the two countries; Poland disappeared from the map of the world for about 120 years, but France survived the chaos of the Jacobin revolution and Napoleonic wars.
It broke out a strange uprising in Russia, operettas and provoked, of the Decembrists, as if someone wanted to prove that Russia is not directed underground movements against Poland, Great Britain and France [and even earlier already against Bavaria; and later against the Papacy in Italy], and at the turn of the 19th and 20th century also against Turkey.
But it is Russia suffered the greatest benefits of the revolutionary turmoil in North America and France - but rather in the whole of central and Western Europe at the end of the 18th century.
Discussed below mysterious organization is nothing more than the 18-century intelligence agencies of a foreign power.