Lafayette left Boston for France on 18 December 1781.
On 11 July 1789, Lafayette presented a draft of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" to the Assembly, written by himself in consultation with Jefferson. Camille Desmoulins led an armed mob. The king had the royal army under the duc de Broglie surround Paris. On 14 July, the fortress known as the Bastille was stormed by the mob. On 15 July, Lafayette was acclaimed commander-in-chief of the National Guard of France, an armed force established to maintain order, and under the control of the Assembly.
On 19 October 1824, he was at Yorktown for the anniversary of Cornwallis's surrender, then journeyed to Monticello to meet with his old friend Jefferson - and Jefferson's successor, James Madison.
Lafayette had dined with the other living former president, 89-year-old John Adams.
One historiographical perspective suggests that the marquis was disposed to hate the British for killing his father.
Another notes that the marquis had recently become a Freemason, and talk of the rebellion "fired his chivalric - and now Masonic - imagination with descriptions of Americans as 'people fighting for liberty'."

Benjamin Franklin -
when Franklin went to France as America's first ambassador, there were two superpowers in Europe: England and France.
Franklin arrived in Paris in December, 1776.
"Benjamin Franklin contributed to the Mikveh Israel Jewish congregation in Philadelphia. But Franklin did not practice Judaism. He did practice the occult, and things that would be weird to Christians. He became
the head of the very occultic Grand Orient Freemasons when he was in France".

"... The possible connection between the American founding fathers, the Rothschild family and the Illuminati would be incomplete without taking into account a key figure: Benjamin Franklin.
He was also deeply involved in a variety of secret societies, not only in America, but also in Britain and France. Actually, he was a member of secret societies in the three countries involved in the American Revolution: England, France and the US.

Benjamin FRANKLIN was a member of the Hellfire Club in England ...
The Hellfire Club was created and presided by Sir Francis Dashwood; a member of the British Parliament and personal advisor to King George III. British Historian Richard Deacon affirms that the Hellfire club was a centre for English espionage, and claims that Franklin was a covert agent for the British government and for other secret powers based in Europe that worked towards the secret plan of all secret societies.
...
In 1776, year when the order of the Illuminati was created, Franklin visited King Louis XVI of France to seek funding for the American revolution, while at the same time
he was getting involved in the plot for the French revolution to overthrow the French monarchy. This took place inside the Paris lodge The Nine Sisters; which was part of the Grand Orient of France - connected to the Illuminati - of which Franklin was the Venerable Masters. This lodge was casually the exact place were the French revolution took off.
While in France, Franklin also initiated Voltaire into Freemasonry, whose writings would later inspire the French Revolution.
... My conclusion on the connection between the Rothschilds and the American Revolution: it did exist through Alexander Hamilton (who could only push the agenda for the first 20 years of independence), and also quite possibly through Solomon and Franklin; though it made no difference at the end.
It is true that the American Freemasons shared the same ideology that emerged from Jewish intellectuals in Germany and spread throughout secret societies;
but I'm having a hard time relating the founding fathers directly to the Rothschilds, with the exception of Franklin, who obviously had his hands in far too many pies to count as a confirmed agent for any side...".

Alexander Hamilton
- Hamilton has also become a favorite for conspiracy theorists who think
he was a tool for the New World Order, the Illuminati, and / or the Rothschild family, because of his support for a National Bank.
Hamilton, along with Benjamin Franklin, is one of the very few non-presidents to be portrayed on American money.
Alexander Hamilton married into the Rothschild family December 14, 1780.
Alexander Hamilton was born Alexander Levine, of Jewish lineage, in St. Croix, the West Indies. After changing his name ... he married Elizabeth Schuyler ...
John Paul Mitchell insist that Hamilton married into the Rothschild family.
Here's what we actually know about Hamilton's in-laws:
the father, Philip Schuyler, was a General during the Revolutionary War, while the mother Catherine instituted a scorched earth policy to deprive the British of food.

Philip John Schuyler was a general of the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. Come from the third generation of the Dutch family in America.
His daughter Elizabeth married Alexander Hamilton who was the first Secretary of the Treasury to the United States under George Washington.

Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton says the United States should pay its debts at par value, even though many speculators would profit by this. "Alexander Hamilton married into the Rothschild family December 14, 1780 [?]".

Alexander Hamilton was born Alexander Levine, of Jewish lineage, the son of a Jewish Merchant, in St. Croix, the West Indies. After changing his name and his geographical situs, he married Elizabeth Schuyler, the second daughter of Phillip Schuyler, at the bride's home in Albany, New York.

The bride's mother was Catherine Van Rensselaer,
daughter of Colonel John R. Van Rensselaer, who was the son of
Hendrik Van Rensselaer,
the grandson of Killiaen Van Rensselaer, the first partroon.
"... there are documents in the British museum that prove Alexander Hamilton received payment from the Rothschild's for his dastardly deeds. Could this payment have been for his involvement in the establishment of a foreign bank in this country, and for convincing Congress to assume the States debts,
which would have created a debt obligation binding the United States government and the States to the international bankers?"

Named Kiliaen van Rensselaer (born ca 1585 - died in 1643) -
a Dutch merchant, involved in the trade of colonial America. Initially, with diamond and pearl trade, then he became one of the founders and co-owner of the Dutch East India Company, a company founded in 1621. In 1629, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer purchased landed property in New Holland, then an American colony.
Rensselaerwyck was managed by his cousin Arent Van Curler.
Kiliaen Van Rensselear was one of the first founders of the Dutch east India Company. Before 1584 a state army of the Duke of Upper Saxony came to Hesseld. It's leader was Captain Johan Van Rensselaer who was from the town of Mijkerk. His twin brother, Hendrick was also in the Army. Hendrick married Maria Pafraet from Hesseld. Her father was Johan Pafraet. Johan and his brother Albert were printers.
Hendrick and Maria were Killiaen's parents.
Killean was born in 1586 [ca 1585] and baptized at St. Stephanuskerk.
Kiliaen also lived with his uncle, Wolfert Van Bijler (Byler) Wijnandsz, who had lived in London as a jeweler and with a capitol of 100000 guilders, moved to Amsterdam to join the South Netherlands diamond and pearl trade.

Kiliaen was the firm's agent to Royal Courts, traveling throughout Europe.
Kiliaen van Rensselaer was married twice:
Hillegonda van Byler (1598-1626);
and in 1626 he married Anna van Wely (1601-1670). The Van Wely's were jewelers to the Royal Court Prince Mauritius.

"In November 1658 the exiled king Charles II was visited by a young man from Amsterdam by the name of Nicolaes Van Rensselaer, who had some good news to tell him: within a year and a half the king would be restored to his father's throne, his restoration being requested by the English people. Furthermore, Van Rensselaer also prophesied that Charles Stuart's, or his son's, reign would be so glorious that under it the conversion of the Jews would take place".
"An interesting report of Nicolaes van Rensselaer and his visit to Brussels, which took place in November 1658, is given in a letter by his younger brother Richard, written on 30 November 1658 to Jeremias van Rensselaer in Rensselaerswyck.
Richard van Rensselaer informed his brother that Nicolaes van Rensselaer had gone to Brussels 'to see the king of Scotland, who granted him an audience'. Nicolaes van Rensselaer had delivered his letters and writings, which the king had examined.
As to his prophecy:
'many of those [present] believed it and others doubted it'.
As Jeremias van Rensselaer might wonder what business their brother had to see the king about, Richard would tell him. During his apprenticeship to Brughman Nicolaes had said all the time that he wished to go to England".

Nicholas van Rensselaer born in Amsterdam in September 1636; died in Albany, New York, in November 1678.
"He was the fourth son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer (1586-1643) and his second wife, Anna van Wely (1601-1670). His father was a Dutch diamond and pearl merchant from Amsterdam who was one of the founders and directors of the Dutch West India Company ... His eldest sibling, and the only child to live to adulthood from his father's first marriage to Hillegonda van Bijler, was Johan van Rensselaer (1625-1663), his half-brother. Together, his parents had eight children, including Jan Baptist van Rensselaer (1629-1678), and Jeremias van Rensselaer (1632-1674)".
In Brussels, Nicholas van Rensselaer met Charles II of England.
He subsequently went to England as chaplain to the Dutch embassy, and the king, recognizing him and recollecting his prediction, gave him a gold snuff box with his likeness in the lid.
"In 1674, after the end of the Third Anglo-Dutch War when Edmund Andros was commissioned governor of the New Netherland, Van Rensselaer accompanied him to North America, bearing a letter of recommendation from the Duke of York, son of Charles II who later became James II of England, in which he requested that Van Rensselaer be placed in charge of one of the Dutch churches in New York or Albany when there should be a vacancy".

Van Rensselaer's son, Jeremias Van Rensselaer [Jeremias van Rensselaer (1632-1674)], came to the New World and settled in Rensselaerwyck, giving birth to a prominent New York family.
The Manor of Rensselaerswyck, owned by the van Rensselaer family that was located in what is now mainly the Capital District of New York in the United States. The estate was originally deeded by the Dutch West India Company in 1630 to Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a Dutch merchant.

The estate was inherited by Kiliaen van Rensselaer's eldest son Jan Baptist [Jan Baptist van Rensselaer (1629- 1678)], who acquired the title of patroon. He died in 1658 or in 1678, and his younger brother Jeremias van Rensselaer became patroon.
Jeremias van Rensselaer took the oath of allegiance to the King of England.
Manor House, or Fort Crailo - Jeremias van Rensselaer died in 1674 and the estate was passed on to his oldest son, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, junior, the grandson to the first patroon. Kiliaen van Rensselaer died in 1719 and the patroonship passed on to his oldest son Jeremias van Rensselaer junior.

Jeremias van Rensselaer junior died in 1745 and the estate passed to his brother Stephen van Rensselaer - who died two years later in 1747.

The estate was passed on to his son, Stephen van Rensselaer II. Stephen II was active in the Albany County Militia.

Stephen van Rensselaer III: Stephen II van Rensselaer died in 1769; the Manor passed on to his eldest son Stephen van Rensselaer III.
Stephen van Rensselaer III, in 1825, was elected Grand Master of the New York State Grand Masonic Lodge.
He was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1789.

Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer (1708 - 1781) was an English Chancellor of the Exchequer (1762 - 1763) and founder of the Hellfire Club.
He was the only son of Sir Francis Dashwood, first baronet (d. 1724), and his wife Mary, the daughter of Vere Fane, baron Le Despencer and fourth earl of Westmorland.

Sir Francis Dashwood, first baronet [born ca 1658, a British merchant - family derived their wealth from trading silks in the Levant], was the son of Francis Dashwood, SENIOR [b. ca 1620 ?], a Turkey merchant and alderman of London [Francis Dashwood, Saddler and Turkey merchant, alderman of London in 1658 - a merchant trading with a Turkey], and brother of Sir Samuel Dashwood, lord mayor of London in 1702.
Sir Francis Dashwood, first baronet (d. 1724), was four times married, and by his third wife, Mary, daughter of Major King, was father of Sir John Dashwood-King (1716 - 1793), who succeeded his half-brother Lord Le Despencer as third baronet. He was a member of the Hellfire Club which his brother had founded.

Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer -
in 1733 - between the visits to Italy - Dashwood accompanied George, Lord Forbes, envoy-extraordinary, to St Petersburg, stopping on the way at Copenhagen. Dashwood spent his early adulthood abroad travelling around Europe. He impersonated Charles XII while in Russia, in hopes of making Czarina Anne fall in love with him, and attempted to seduce Anna Ivanovna, the empress of Russia,
and was later expelled from the Papal states.
The member of The Monks of Medmenham Abbey / the Hellfire Club; during the 1750s and early 1760s, they met at the estate of Sir Francis Dashwood; Dashwood was travelling to France and Italy, but also to Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
"... On his Grand Tour in 1740, Dashwood was signing letters to his friends as 'St. Francis',
... He had travelled with Boyne on a tour to Italy in 1730-1731, and it is possible that this was a reference to their earlier revelries on the continent. ... The first certain evidence of the Monks of Medmenham Abbey meeting comes from a letter from Richard Grenville, Earl Temple to Dashwood from October 1754. He ... celebrated ... and sat together at a 'table of the Saints'. ...".
In Russia he masqueraded as Charles XII when he visited St. Petersburg in 1733.

Anna, in full Anna Ivanovna, born 1693, empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Anna was married to Frederick William, ruler of the Courland. Her favourites engaged Russia in the War of the Polish Succession (1733 - 1735), which placed a pro-Russian king on the Polish throne. In the former, Russia worked with Austria to support Augustus II's son Augustus against the candidacy of Stanislaw Leszczynski who was dependent on the French and amiable with Sweden and Ottoman.

Rachel Fanny Antonina Dashwood was the illegitimate daughter of Sir Francis Dashwood / Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer. The eccentric woman, married ca 1794 to Matthew Allen Lee, Esq., separated in 1795.
Rachael Fanny Antonina Lee was living at her house in Bolton-row, Piccadilly.
She ran away with Matthew Allen Lee, Esq. and was married to him at Haddington, in Scotland.
She was later reported to be 'deplorably ignorant of English life and life universally'.
She was also the author of anticlerical tracts.
The papers of Mrs Racheal Frances Antonia Lee, the self-styled Baroness le Despenser, were "wrote under the nom-de-plume of 'Philopatria' (ca 1774 - 1829)"; 'Pedigree of Francis Baron le Despenser', 13th to early 19th centuries; 'Royal Descents of Francis late Baron le Despenser', from Edward I to late 18th century.

Rachel Fanny Antonina Lee or Rachel Fanny Antonina Dashwood, as Rachel Fanny Antonina Le Despencer - "Antonina apparently spent much of her adult life in an unsuccessful pursuit of the title Baroness Le Despencer".
In 1807 she moved back to London. Over the next few years she learnt Hebrew and she continued to publish her views.
She died in 1829. Lee wrote the following:
1.
The translation of the Hebrew epistle of Antonia Despenser, entitled, Hamzigeret ha-kmcolel Hamzel ha- Aynivrmcim; in 1821.
2.
An Investigation into the conduct of Lady Anne Dashwood and of Mr Delmar with respect to Antonina the Baroness Le Despenser about her sister-in-law's alleged covetousness of her possessions, in 1823.

Acc. to 'History and Antiquities of the Jews in England', by D'Blossiers Tovey:
in 1685 was enacted the Petition of Jewelry / Jeveral Merchants of London - and it was subscribed by Sir Samuel DASHWOOD, junior

[b. ca 1643, 1st son of Francis Dashwood, merchant, of London by 1st wife Alice.
Above Francis Dashwood, born in 1603 in London, England, d. 1683, was the son of Samuel Dashwood, of Rowden, b. 1574, senior.
Samuel Dashwood's {junior} grandfather was a Somerset yeoman {named above Samuel, senior - yeoman as "a commoner who cultivates his own land"}.
"His father Francis {Francis Dashwood, born in 1603 in London, England, d. 1683} established himself in business in London, and with Dashwood's uncle (the father of Sir Robert Dashwood) formed a syndicate to farm the excise in 1677. Dashwood himself {SAMUEL, b. ca 1643} was elected Tory sheriff of London in June 1683. ... Dashwood {Samuel, junior} was elected for London in 1685, and became a moderately active Member of James II's Parliament. He was appointed to six committees ... for the general naturalization of Huguenot refugees (1 July). ..."].

Compare:
Sir James Dashwood, 2nd Baronet (1715 - 1779) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1740 to 1768. He was the son of Robert Dashwood {born in 1687}, and his grandfather from whom he inherited the baronetcy was Sir Robert Dashwood, 1st Baronet.
He {James} inherited large estates in Oxfordshire, being on a Grand Tour when he came into them in 1734, and built an imposing house at Kirtlington.
In national politics was a Jacobite, and someone prepared to work against Catholic disabilities.
"... He {James} moved swiftly to call for the repeal of the Jewish Naturalization Act 1753 in October of the year of its passing (he had not previously made a speech on the House, and had not prepared the ground for this one)...".

Mentioned Robert Dashwood, b. 1687 in Kirtlington, Oxfordshire, England; the son of Sir Robert Dashwood, MP, 1st Baronet of Kirtlington Park and Penelope.
Above
Robert Dashwood, MP, 1st Baronet of Kirtlington Park, b. 1662 in Westminster, London. Robert was the son of George Dashwood and Margaret Perry.
Above
George Dashwood b. 1617 in London, England; George was the of Samuel Dashwood, of Rowden {mentioned above Samuel Dashwood, of Rowden, b. 1574, senior} and Elizabeth Sweeting.
Above
Samuel Dashwood, of Rowden, born in 1574 in Stogumber, Somerset, England. Son of Robert Dashwood and Philis. Father of Elizabeth Knight; Robert Dashwood {acc. to me not Robert. We know on George Dashwood b. 1617 in London}; Francis Dashwood [b. 1603 - see below !]; John Dashwood; Lewis Dashwood.

Now of famous Francis Dashwood, 2nd Bt, 15th Baron Le Despencer = Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer = Francis Dashwood, 14th Baron le Despencer, PC, born Dec 1708

(1708 - 1781; Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer succeeded as 15th Baron le Despencer in 1763. He was an English Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 1762 - 1763, and he was the founder of the Hellfire Club. On the death of the 14th Baron le Despencer in 1781 the barony fell into abeyance between his sister, Rachel, Lady Austin, and the descendants of his aunt, Lady Catherine Paul. On the death of his sister in 1788 the barony was called out of abeyance in favour of his first cousin twice removed, Thomas Stapleton, 15th Baron le Despencer born 10 Nov 1766.

Francis Dashwood, 2nd Bt, was in St Petersburg - 10 June until 30 June 1733; back to Gdansk and Bornholm.
Lord Forbes {Irish peerage} accompanied him on the way to Russia. Lord Forbes served in St. Petersburg for almost one year, from June of 1733 until May of 1734. The result of his efforts was the Anglo-Russian Commercial Treaty of 1734, recognized as the foundation of all subsequent eighteenth-century trade agreements between the two signatories.
He was George, Lord Forbes, who, in the same year that he obtained the chart, became the Third Earl of Granard.
"... Lord Forbes acquired this plan in St Petersburg, where he lived for a year as Great Britain's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the court of the Empress Anna Ivanovna, ruled 1730- 1740. Lord Forbes was closely connected with the 2nd Duke of Argyll, to whom he owed his military career and whom he followed politically. ... In 1733 Lord Forbes went to St. Petersburg to conclude a trade treaty, making such a good impression on the Empress Anna that she later offered him the command of the Russian navy, which Lord Forbes rejected. ... In 1738, now Lord Granard, he refused the governorship of New York..."),
the son of
Francis Dashwood, MP, 1st Baronet of West Wycombe, b. ca 1658 in West Wycombe, Buckinghamshire; 1st Baronet Dashwood of West Wycombe was MP for Winchelsea

[Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet, died in 1724, younger, was a British merchant.
"...Francis Dashwood was the third son of Francis Dashwood, {older} a merchant trading with a Turkey, and an Alderman of London. His brother, Sir Samuel Dashwood, was Lord Mayor of London in 1702. Dashwood and his brother Samuel joined their father's business early and became leading silk importers, they were also members of the British East India Company and the Worshipful Company of Vintners. They prospered despite the disruption in trade caused by the Anglo-Dutch Wars, and sent a frigate to trade in China in 1700. ... In 1698, Sir Samuel and Francis bought the estate of West Wycombe from their brother-in-law Thomas Lewis; Francis eventually buying out his brothers' share. Francis was knighted in 1702, but a cooling of the relationship between the brothers had occurred, and they had ceased their joint business in 1704. ... His fourth and final wife was Lady Elizabeth Windsor (d. 1736), daughter of Thomas Hickman-Windsor, 1st Earl of Plymouth {he served as Governor of Jamaica}, whom he married on 21 July 1720"].
His father was Francis Dashwood, older, born in 1603 in London, England, d. 1683;
who was son of Samuel Dashwood, of Rowden b. 1574, and Elizabeth Sweeting [see above !! - George Dashwood b. 1617 in London, England; was also the son of Samuel Dashwood, of Rowden and Elizabeth Sweeting].

The imposition of taxes and new stamp fees on the American colonists was the biggest provocation of a structures of the Illuminati - exactly and accurately structures and people who will soon become the Illuminati Order.

Compare:

'NEW ENGLAND AND THE BAVARIAN ILLUMINATI', ed. by THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS; LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., in I9I8 by VERNON STAUFFER.

The London Parliament passed the Revenue Act of 1762 in an attempt to halt bribery as routinely practiced by colonists circumventing the Molasses Act. In 1762, Elizabeta dies and Russia switches alliance, joining Prussia.

The Treaty of Paris, in 1763, settled the terms of the peace - King George III made peace with France without informing King Frederick II, 1740 - 1786, of Prussia, leaving them to fight France alone.

In 1764 "Samuel Adams, a native of Boston, was a major propagandist, opposing British officials and policies, as well as British taxation in the colonies. In 1773, he participated in the planning of the Boston Tea Party. Adams also signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776. He served as delegate to the Continental Congress until 1781, eventually becoming governor of Massachusetts from 1794 to 1797.
He was a confirmed member of the Masons and Illuminati ["... and Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Thomas Paine - were not Masons", by David Morgan]".

Samuel Adams born in 1722, was a second cousin to fellow Founding Father, President John Adams.
Samuel was also a brewer with a family brewing tradition.
Samuel Adams wrote 'Instructions to Boston's Representatives', May 28, 1764 -
"... This letter of Instructions to Boston's Representatives to the Massachusetts Colonial Legislature from the Boston Town Meeting (a ruling council of local citizens) marks the first time a political body in the colonies declared that Parliament had no constitutional right to tax the colonists. The letter was written by Samuel Adams, who was appointed by the council to draft a letter of the councilmembers' concerns to be sent to their legislative representatives. Samuel Adams became a rising star in the protests against Great Britain, partly due to this letter.
The letter addresses the council's concerns about new taxes levied in the Sugar Act, as well as other issues such as upholding public morality reducing government spending".
Samuel's 1768 Massachusetts Circular Letter calling for colonial non-cooperation prompted the occupation of Boston by British soldiers, eventually resulting in the Boston Massacre of 1770.

"The Stamp Act in 1765 galvanized colonial society and engendered widespread resistance. ... David Ramsay, a patriot and historian from South Carolina, wrote of this phenomenon shortly after the American Revolution:
'It was fortunate for the liberties of America, that newspapers were the subject of a heavy stamp duty. Printers, when influenced by government, have genereally arranged themselves on the side of liberty, nor are they less remarkable for attention to the profits of their profession. A stamp duty, which openly invaded the first, and threatened a great diminution of the last, provoked their united zealous opposition'."

"...The United States fought the American Revolution primarily over King George III's Currency act, which forced the colonists to conduct their business only using printed bank notes borrowed from the Bank of England at interest. After the revolution, the new United States adopted a radically different economic system in which the government issued its own value-based money ...
'The refusal of King George 3rd to allow the colonies to operate an honest money system, which freed the ordinary man from the clutches of the money manipulators, was probably the prime cause of the revolution' - Benjamin Franklin, U.S. Founding Father.

But bankers are nothing if not dedicated to their schemes to acquire your wealth, and know full well how easy it is to corrupt a nation's leaders. Just one year after Mayer Amschel Rothschild had uttered his infamous 'Let me issue and control a nation's money and I care not who makes the laws', the bankers succeeded in setting up a new Private Central Bank called the First Bank of the United States, largely through the efforts of the Rothschild's chief US supporter, Alexander Hamilton. Founded in 1791, by the end of its twenty year charter the First Bank of the United States had almost ruined the nation's economy ...

This resulted in a threat from Nathan Mayer Rothschild against the US Government ...
Congress still refused to renew the charter for the First Bank of the United States, whereupon Nathan Mayer Rothschild railed, 'Teach those impudent Americans a lesson! Bring them back to colonial status!'
Financed by the Rothschild controlled Bank of England, Britain then launched the war of 1812 to recolonize the United States and force them back into the slavery of the Bank of England ...",
copyright by LORDLANGERZ.

The Great provocation in 1765 - the Stamp Act:

George III had mild bouts of illness early in his reign, but his health significantly deteriorated from the 1780s.
Modern medicine may help us to discover the real reasons behind King George III's erratic behaviour, writes historian Lucy Worsley - copyright by: bbc.co.uk/news/ -
" ... George III is well known in children's history books for being the "mad king who lost America". These are features that can be seen today in the writing and speech of patients experiencing the manic phase of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder. ... Mania, or harmful euphoria, is at one end of a spectrum of mood disorders, with sadness, or depression, at the other. George's being in a manic state would also match contemporary descriptions of his illness by witnesses...".

It was enough to use it.

The Sugar Act announced further legislative steps against the colonies. Less than a year later, in March 1765, King George III signed the Stamp Act, which was a novelty on American soil. The then prime minister, Lord Grenville, said that Americans in exchange for security are obliged to pay debts incurred during the Anglo-French conflict

{George Grenville, born 1712, London, d. 1770; British politician who in 1763-1765 was the prime minister of Great Britain. He was in 1763 the First Lord of the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
GEORGE's brother was Richard Grenville - Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, b. 1711.

Richard Grenville, "Lord Temple was a great intriguer, and is said to have been the author of several anonymous libels, and the inspirer of many more. Macaulay's well-known comparison of him with a mole working below 'in some foul, crooked labyrinth whenever a heap of dirt was flung up', which perpetuates the spleen of Horace Walpole, perhaps exceeds the justice of the case; but his character was rated very low by his contemporaries".

George Grenville b. 1712:
"his best known policy is the Stamp Act, a common tax in Great Britain onto the colonies in America, which instigated widespread opposition in Britain's American colonies and was later repealed. It was met with general outrage and resulted in public acts of disobedience and rioting throughout the colonies in America. ... During his administration Britain's international isolation increased, as Britain failed to secure alliances with other major European powers, a situation that subsequent governments were unable to reverse leading to Britain fighting several countries during the American War of Independence without a major ally. ...
Grenville had increasingly strained relations with his colleagues and the King, and in 1765 he was dismissed by George III and replaced by Lord Rockingham.
For the last five years of his life Grenville led a group of his supporters in opposition and staged a public reconciliation with Pitt..."}.

Already at that time, some theoretical considerations about the future of the relationship between American colonies and England were made. Lord Camden, a member of the British Parliament, made prophetic visions of the collapse of the empire. In numerous conversations with Benjamin Franklin who was in London at the time, he admitted that the tense situation prevailing at that time would ultimately lead to the escalation of the conflict.

In 1761 a popular lawyer from Boston, James Otis, made a speech in which he declared that "taxation without representation is tyranny". He was tied with John Adams.

Patrick Henry made a historic speech in which he condemned the actions of the English king and demanded full independence for Virginia. The speech made a great impression on the future author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson.

Mentioned LORD CAMDEN, that is Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, b. 1714, died in 1794, an English lawyer, he was a leading proponent of civil liberties. He was a confidant of Pitt the Elder, supporting Pitt in the controversies over John Wilkes and American independence.
Pratt became involved in the group that met at the Leicester House home of George Prince of Wales;
named Leicester House itself was an imposing residence, at now Leicester Square. Both George II, when prince of Wales, and his son Frederick were obstructed and frustrated by their respective fathers' refusal to increase their incomes or allow them any responsibility in running the country. During the 'Whig Schism' of 1717-20, the then prince of Wales (the future George II) actively welcomed both Tories and discontented Whigs to his Leicester House court. George II's son Frederick proved a much more active politician. In 1737 Frederick set himself up in opposition, initially over his father's refusal to increase his income. Above named Frederick, Prince of Wales, b. 1707, the son of King George II and Caroline.

As Attorney-General, Pratt prosecuted Florence Hensey, an Irishman who had spied for France. On 17 July 1765, Pratt was created Baron Camden, becoming a member of the House of Lords. "Camden insisted that taxation was predicated on consent and that consent needed representation. However, when he came to support the government over the Act's repeal, he rather unconvincingly purported to base his opinion on the actual hardship caused by the Act rather than its constitutional basis".

Mentioned
George III / George William Frederick, b. 1738, died in 1820, was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death; Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg / Hanover, becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814.

Above Benjamin FRANKLIN in 1757, "was sent to England by the Pennsylvania Assembly as a colonial agent to protest against the political influence of the Penn family, the proprietors of the colony. He remained there for five years. In London, Franklin opposed the 1765 Stamp Act. Unable to prevent its passage, he made another political miscalculation and recommended a friend to the post of stamp distributor for Pennsylvania". With this,
Franklin suddenly emerged as the leading spokesman for American interests in England.
"During his stays there, he developed a close friendship with his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her circle of friends ... house, which he used on various lengthy missions from 1757 to 1775 ... He belonged to a gentleman's club, which included members such as Richard Price, the minister of Newington Green Unitarian Church who ignited the Revolution Controversy, and Andrew Kippis.
In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] at Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh. In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.

David Hume / David Home, b. 1711.

Lord Kames near Stirling - Henry Home, Lord Kames; 1696 - 1782, a Scottish judge and writer;
"... a central figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, a founder member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, and active in the Select Society, his proteges included David Hume, Adam Smith, and James Boswell.

Patrick Henry (1736-1799), "... a lawyer, orator, and statesman ... an early critic of British authority and leader in the movement toward independence, ... a member of the House of Burgesses (1765-1774)...".
The Virginia House of Burgesses, was the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America. The House was established by the Virginia Company.

Named above STIRLING in SCOTLAND:

1.
David Carnegie Jr b. 1813 and died in 1890 in Stirling, Scotland; son of James Carnegie and Margaret Gillespie;
above James Carnegie b. 1773 and died 1851 was son of George Carnegie and Susan Scott; husband of Margaret Gillespie; father of mentioned above David Carnegie Jr.
Susan Mary Ann Carnegie 1819 - died 1859, daughter of above named David Carnegie Senior and Anna Christina Beckman; wife of above David Carnegie Jr.
Above David Carnegie Senior born in 1772 in Charleton, Fife, Scotland; died 1837 in Göteborg;
son of George Carnegie and Susan Scott;
husband of Anna Christina Beckman; father of Susan Mary Ann Carnegie; George Carnegie; David Carnegie and Maria Mathilda Carnegie; brother of James Carnegie and John Carnegie.

See: Fife, Scotland at my domain:
Andrew Carnegie b. 1835, a Scottish-American industrialist. Born in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland; he built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which he sold to J. P. Morgan in 1901; starting in 1853, Thomas A. Scott of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company employed Carnegie as a secretary / telegraph operator;

Thomas Alexander Scott b. 1823, an American businessman, railroad executive, was appointed in 1861 by President Abraham Lincoln as the U.S. Assistant Secretary of War during the American Civil War; Scott's protege Andrew Carnegie later challenged the Rockefeller monopoly in petroleum from his dominance of the steel industry.

More on Fife [south of Perth, and north of Edinburgh; east of Stirling!] and Stirling
[RUTHERFORD; John Robison (1739 - 1805); Alexander Ramsay, Lieutenant to the 57th Bengal Native Infantry; Colin McVean and Mary Wood Cowan; Tillicoultry is located 18 km east of Stirling! Whitehill - 15 km south-east of Edinburgh],
Scotland at my
http://konstantynowicz.info/Bogdan_Konstantynowicz_encyklopedia_Polski_Niepodleglej/index.html.

2.
Balcarres Dalrymple Wardlaw Ramsay, Lieutenant-Colonel, died on 26th January 1885 in Rome, Italy; b. 17 Sept. 1822, son of Robert Wardlaw Ramsay of Tillicoultry and of Whitehill

{Tillicoultry is located 18 km east of Stirling! Whitehill - 15 km south-east of Edinburgh [see ROSSLYN]};

Bonn Univ.; Lt.-Col. of the 75th Regt. in 1870; A.D.C. to Sir George Arthur, Gov. of Bombay, and to Sir Colin Campbell in India; ret. in 1877. Married in 1851 to Anne, daughter of Edward Collins of Frowlesworth, Leicestershire.

3.
George Spottisworde Ramsay, Lieutenant of the Royal Artillery, died 7th June 1873 in Bangalore.

4.
Laurence Oliphant b. 1829, d. 1888, was a British diplomat; was Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs.
His father Anthony Oliphant (1793 - 1859) was Chief Justice of Ceylon and Attorney General in the Cape Colony; grew up at Condie House / Newton of Condie in Forgandenny, Perthshire.
His eldest brother, Laurence Oliphant, 8th of Condie was Member of the House of Commons for Perth, whose son was General Sir Laurence Oliphant 9th of Condie.
Another brothers:
Col. James Oliphant was Chairman of the Honourable East India Company,
a third brother was the artist.

Mentioned Newton of Condie is situated in the parish of Forgandenny and the county of Perthshire. FORGANDENNY, a parish in the district of Eastern Perth, county Perth, and county Kinross, Scotland, 7 km or 4 miles S.S.W. of Perth. Freeland is the seat of Lord Ruthven, Rossie - 6 km south of above FORGANDENNY - that of the Oliphants, and Condie of the Oliphants, which families are here the principal proprietors. Anthony lived in Maha Nuge Gardens in Colpetty - Colombo [see tea].

5.
Famous Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, b. 1871, was a New Zealand-born British physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. Rutherford moved in 1907 to the Victoria University of Manchester; was the son of James Rutherford, who had emigrated to New Zealand from Perth - 53 km north-east of Stirling, Scotland.

The Rutherford family comes from an area of the Scottish Borders called Roxburghshire [see Rosslyn also]; south from Jedburgh, - ca 130 km south-east of Stirling, because all Scottish Rutherfords share roots in Roxburghshire. To 1706 / 1707, the Rutherfords moved into other areas of Scotland, such as, Ayrshire and Perth - 48 km north-east of Stirling, and south into Northumberland, to Sweden, France and the Netherlands.

6.
Edward Sterling (1773 - 1847) - a British journalist. He went from Ireland {he comes from William Sterling of Munster province in Ireland, who was brother of
ROBERT STERLING, Colonel, from STIRLING of KEIR}.

In Scotland in 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] in Blair Drummond, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh. In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son. And in 1759, on the return journey to England the Franklins stayed with Lord and Lady Kames at Kames in Berwickshire.

Note on Kames in Berwickshire:
1.
Edward Sterling (1773 - 1847), traced descent from William, younger brother of Sir Robert Sterling, who had served under Gustavus Adolphus, and, subsequently attaching himself to James Butler, first duke of Ormonde, was knighted in 1649.
Edward, born at Waterford on 27 Feb. 1773; educated in Dublin; he migrated to Kames Castle and then to Llanblethian, near Cowbridge, Glamorganshire.
1814 - 1815 he was at Paris, and on his return to England he became a regular member of the 'Times' staff.

2.
Hester Coningham, married to EDWARD Sterling on 5th April 1804; Hester was only daughter of John Coningham, merchant in Derry, and Elizabeth Campbell, of the Campbells of Sunderlaud in Isle.
Hester's 3 sons:
Anthony [b. 1805],
John Sterling (m. Susannah Barton with three sons: Edward 1831, Charles b. 1839, John 1840) d. 1844, and
Edward [Edward Sterling / Esterling (b. ca 1807/1809) m. Elena Shtaal / Elena Staal from Riga and Livland],
and a one daughter!

Waterford - here above Sterling was born on 27th February, 1773; this family resided in the Deanery House, kinsmen the Beresfords generally, whose grand house of Curraghmore, near by Waterford; Curraghmore - 5 km north-west of Portlaw; 20 km north-west of Waterford; east of Clonmel, southern Ireland.

See:
the MacSwiney family of Macroom; and the Lucas family, the Konarskis and Taaffe; the Nugent family and Sidney Reilly who was son of George and Pauline Reilly of the Irish town of Clonmel.

We back now to Edward Sterling (1773 - 1847) who was a British journalist. He went from Ireland

{he came from William Sterling of Munster province in Ireland, who was brother of ROBERT STERLING, Colonel, from STIRLING of KEIR. We know on John STIRLING 6th of Kippendavie, b. 1742 in Kippendavie, close to Dunblane, the Perth county, in Scotland, died in 1816 in Kippenross, Dunblane, Perth; John succeeded his brother Patrick in the lands in 1775; he acquired the estate of Kippenross from William Pearson in 1778, and the superiority of Kippendavie, Lanrick, Auchinbie, Shanraw, and Woodland from James Stirling of Keir in 1813. His parents: Patrick STIRLING 4th of Kippendavie b. 1704 in Kippendavie, Dunblane, Perth, and Margaret DOUGLAS b. 1708 in Of Aberdeen, Scotland; John m. Mary GRAHAM}

to Scotland and took to farming at Kames Castle. In 1804 he married Hester Coningham.
"...One of her uncles had made a fortune through the sugar plantations of St Vincent, and his money, based on slave labour, supported the Sterlings". In 1810 the family removed to Llanblethian in the Vale of Glamorgan; contributed a number of letters to The Times, which were reprinted in 1812, and a second series in 1814, when he moved to Paris, but on the escape of Napoleon from Elba in 1815 took up residence in London.
See more: http://konstantynowicz.info/encyklopedia_internetowa_Polski_Niepodleglej_czesc_2_1772- 1989/index.html
"John Sterling was his second son [see above], the elder being Colonel Sir Anthony Coningham Sterling (1805 - 1871), who besides serving in the Crimea and as military secretary to Lord Clyde during the Indian Mutiny, was the author of The Highland Brigade in the Crimea and other books".

Above John Sterling (1806 - 1844), was a Scottish author, born at Kames Castle on the Isle of Bute, the son of Edward Sterling; at the University of Glasgow; in 1824 entered Trinity College, Cambridge; in London, employing himself actively in literature; marriage to Susannah, daughter of Lieutenant-General Charles Barton (1760 - 1819) and his wife Susannah. In 1841 Sterling moved to Falmouth.

His son, Major-General John Barton Sterling (1840 - 1926), after entering the navy, went into the army in 1861. Above colonel Sir Anthony Coningham Sterling 1805 - 1871, was a British Army officer and historian, author of The Highland Brigade in the Crimea; eldest son of Captain Edward Sterling, by Hester, daughter of John Coningham of Derry, was born at Dundalk in 1805.

John Sterling was a younger brother; the Crimean campaign of 1854 - 1855, as assistant adjutant- general to the Highland division.

3.

Augusta Avgustovna nee Didrikil b. ? - died in 1938

[Augusta's grandfather was from Scotland. He was in Russia during the War of 1812. He studied at Dorpat, worked as notary, married Latvian woman. One of his many daughters married Estonian - Didrikilya / Didrikil. In this family was born Augusta Avgustovna.
Her sisters and brother:

1. Olga Avgustovna Didrikil next of kin to Sverdlov; Olga Avgustovna, married exiled Bolshevik Mikhail Kedrov. Olga Avgustovna Didrikil - daughter of gamekeeper August Ivanovich Didrikil (Bertha Didrikil nee Sterling / Esterling, married to Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik / Август Иванович Дидрикиль / Didrikil) who served for many years to the Suvorov family, in Prozorovskaya (?) county. Mikhail Kedrov b. 1878, Moscow – killed 1941, secret policeman and one of the builders of the Cheka; on December 20, 1917 was formed Russian Extraordinary Commission headed by F. Dzerzhinsky. Shortly before the First World War Kedrov graduated from the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne. Kedrov was reportedly extremely cruel and barbaric, even by the standards of the Red Terror. Kedrov and his son Igor had complained repeatedly to Joseph Stalin about Lavrenti Beria, who increasingly came to control the Soviet secret police in the 1930s. Kedrov in 1912 emigrated to Switzerland. Maintained contacts with Lenin, and lectured medicine at the universities of Bern and Lausanne. In 1916, on the instructions of the Central Committee returned to Russia, on the Caucasian front.

2. Maria Avgustovna remained an old maid but she known the renowned journalist, the future chairman of the OGPU Vyacheslav R. Menzhinsky / Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Menzhinsky - deputy and successor of the first chairman of the Cheka - Dzerzhinsky.

3. Nina Avgustovna / Anthonine Catherine / Antonina Avgustovna Didrikil / DIDRIKIL Avgustovna Nina b. 1882 - d. 1953 - married to an exile Nicholas Podvoisky / Podvoisky Ivan Ilyich / Podwojski. Podvoisky become one of the founders of the Red Army.

4. Edward Avgustovich Didrikil],

had the Latvian and Estonian roots, and one of her grandfathers was a Scot;

her father Avgust Didrikil / August Diederik,
her mother Bertha Sterling / E'sterling / Stirling / EASTERLING born 1835, d. 1891 -
her parents:
Edward Sterling from Scotland / Esterling / EASTERLING and Elena Shtaal / Staal / Shtaal from Riga and Livland.

Edward Sterling / Esterling (b. ca 1807/1809) and Elena Shtaal / Elena Staal from Riga and Livland had daughters:
1. Odile Sterling / Esterling b. 1830 (Latvia?) at farmhouse in Yucca / Iukka, and
2. Bertha Didrikil born in Riga in 1835 died in 1891, also
3. Charlotte Sterling / Esterling and
4. Alvina Sterling / Esterling.

Lord Kames - the owner of Blair Drummond,
a small rural community, 5 miles north-west of the city of Stirling in the Stirling district of Scotland;
it is within the Perthshire.
Close to Kippen; Doune; Nyadd; Deanston; Thornhill.

The Carse of Stirling
- 1766, Agatha Drummond inherited the ancestral estate of Blair Drummond on the north side of the Carse (about five miles from Stirling). Agatha was married to the eccentric, Henry Home, Lord Kames, a judge of the Court of Session.

Compare on BERWICKSHIRE / the Scottish Borders called Roxburghshire:

1.
Famous Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, b. 1871, was a New Zealand-born British physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. Rutherford moved in 1907 to the Victoria University of Manchester; was the son of James Rutherford, who had emigrated to New Zealand from Perth - 53 km north-east of Stirling, Scotland.

The Rutherford family comes from an area of the Scottish Borders called Roxburghshire [see Rosslyn also]; south from Jedburgh, - ca 130 km south-east of Stirling, because all Scottish Rutherfords share roots in Roxburghshire. To 1706 / 1707, the Rutherfords moved into other areas of Scotland, such as, Ayrshire and Perth - 48 km north-east of Stirling, and south into Northumberland, to Sweden, France and the Netherlands.

2.
Andrew Alexander Bonar b. 1810 in Edinburgh, d. 1892 in Glasgow, son of James Bonar, Solicitor of Excise for Scotland; was a minister at Collace, Perthshire, 1838 - 1856 of the Church of Scotland, the Free Church of Scotland in 1843, and of Finnieston Free Church in Glasgow, 1856;
his brother on mission work at St. John's parish in Leith and settled at Kelso.

Kelso is a parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland.

The Collace Parish, Scotland, is situated 17 north-east of Perth.

Andrew Alexander Bonar and Robert Murray McCheyne, with Dr. Alexander Black and Dr. Alexander Keith, were sent to Palestine in 1839 on a mission of inquiry to the condition of the Jews; they traveled through France, Greece, Egypt to Gaza, back home through Syria, the Austrian Empire and German; they sought Jewish communities, to inquire about their preparedness to return to Israel; Keith in 1844 revisited Palestine with his son, Dr George Skene Keith (b. 1819), who was the first person to photograph the land.

Alexander Keith b. 1791 in the Keith-hall and Kinkell parish, was a Church of Scotland minister; was son of George Skene Keith of Keith-hall and Kinkell (1752 - 1823); 1816 to 1840 he was minister of the parish of St. Cyrus, Scotland.

George Skene Keith of Keith-hall and Kinkell wrote to Thomas Jefferson in 1801; he was a minister of the Church of Scotland for the parishes of Keith Hall and Kinkell in Aberdeenshire. He also wrote to George Washington copies of his writings. Keith Hall - close to Inverurie, 28 km north-west of Aberdeen in Scotland; Kinkell, a parish in Aberdeenshire, Scotland; KEITH-HALL and KINKELL, a parish, in the district of Garioch, county of Aberdeen, one mile from Inverury. Garioch in Aberdeenshire, Scotland with center of Inverurie, ca 30 km north-west of Aberdeen.

George S. Keith b. 1819, writer and amateur photographer, took daguerreotypes on a journey to Palestine in 1844, although none are known to survive. In later editions these daguerreotypes were used as the basis for printed illustrations of Syria and Palestine, Ashkelon and Tyre.

3.
At the Colonial and Indian Exhibition held in London in 1886, Tillyrie was awarded. This was followed by a certificate awarded in 1889 by the United States of America. Kelani Valley Plantations ca 70 km east of Colombo (Luccommbe & Rutherford). Tillyrie Estate Dickoya / Dickoya is 24 km east of above named Kelani, south of Kandy, capital of The Central Province of Sri Lanka. J. H. Rutherford Lee in Kohowalla, manager 1912 in the Pillagoda Valley 1927-1928.

Rutherford Henry was a tea planter in Sri Lanka and was involved in importing it to England; was born as Henry Kerr Rutherford b. 1886 in London, UK in family of
Henry Kerr Rutherford senior, b. 1846, d. 1943, (Ceylon Tea Planter's Note-Book by H. K. Rutherford, 'Times of Ceylon', Colombo, 1931) who was son of Peter Rutherford and Eliza nee Kerr.

Peter was brother of Mary Aitken; Robert Ruecastle, Elizabeth Ruecastle Davies; Janet Roberts and Peter.

Peter Rutherford was tea planter in Sri Lanka, but Peter Rutherford was born in 1794 in Kelso, at Scottish Borders, in Scotland, died 1856, was son of Robert Rutherford and Elizabeth Ruecastle daughter of Walter Ruecastle who died in Hawick, Scottish Borders.

Mentioned Robert Rutherford b. 1769 in Jedburgh, Scottish Borders, was son of Patrick Rutherford and Isobel Common. Jedburgh located in the Scottish Borders and historically in Roxburghshire, south-east of Edinburgh.

I said Henry Kerr Rutherford (b. 1886) heard about waterproof plywood that was being made in Estonia, it might be suitable for packing tea; he sent his son, also Henry, from Ceylon to Tallinn.

Henry Kerr Rutherford / Henry Rutherford was working for Venesta since 1908 and in 1912 as managing director of Venesta, partner of the A. M. Luther AG. Next the chairman 1944; born 1886, d. 1972 in Banstead, Surrey.

4.
We back to KELL - Konarski:

Georgina Augusta Konarska was born in 1855 at Brussels, Belgium. She was the daughter of Samuel Alexander Ernest Konarski [see below !] and Harriet Fraser Lucas.
She married, firstly, Major Waldegrave C. F. Kell, son of Robert J. Kell and Amelia Fearn, in 1873 at St. George Hanover Square, London, England.
She and Major Waldegrave C. F. Kell were divorced in 1892. She married, secondly, James Allcard in 1893 at St. Pancras, London, England.

The son of Georgina Augusta Konarska and Major Waldegrave C. F. Kell was above Maj.-Gen. Sir Vernon George Waldegrave Kell, b. 1873, d. 27th March 1942.

Konarski Samuel Phillip Lucas / Samuel P. L. Kouasaki / Samuel Konarski - Major, 25th Regiment, King's Own Scottish Borderers
(b. 1843, died at Torquay in 1887; the only son of
Count Alexander Konarski / KONARSKI Aleksander Samuel b. 1802 in Cracow or in SEPTEMBER 1803 in Praszka),
m. Emma Cecilia Konarski / Emily L. Kouasaki / Emma Cecilia nee Walker, b. ca 1844 in Paddington, living in 1881 at Biddlesden, Buckinghamshire.
In 1909 descendant of Samuel Konarski b. 1802/1803 founded the groundwork of modern English MI5 counterintelligence.

5.
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich b. 1861 and in 1891 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie of Merenberg (relatives of the Pushkin family / Puskin/ Alexander S. Puszkin - family was near by military counterintelligence headquarters),
was the brother of
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich, and
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) b. 1866 - freemason, and near by military intelligence headquarters.

Above named Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861 was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia; in 1862, the family moved to Tiflis, Georgia on the occasion of his father's being named Viceroy of the Caucasus; Grand Duke Michael spent his early years in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years; served in the Russo-Turkish War and became a Colonel. In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg, acc. to Wikipedia.
In 1888, he had an affair with Princess Walewski; later, with Countess Catherine Nikolaevna Ignatieva daughter of Minister of Interior, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev.
In 1900, moved to Keele Hall, in Staffordshire, close to Newcastle-under-Lyme;
visitor of North Berwick in Scotland,
and in the south of France, Cannes where he met his sister Anastasia and in 1903 his father, also brother Alexander and his family; he moved with his family to Hampstead in 1909 and every year Grand Duke Michael would visit Edward VII at Windsor Castle, Sandringham and Buckingham Palace. 1912, Grand Duke Michael was with a visit in Russia. 1914 as an agent for Russian loans in France.
On 31 October 1916 he "...wrote to Tsar Nicholas II warning him that British secret agents in Russia were expecting a revolution".

Lord Kames - the owner of Blair Drummond,

a small rural community, 5 miles north-west of the city of Stirling in the Stirling district of Scotland; it is within the Perthshire.
Close to Kippen;
Doune;
Nyadd;
Deanston;
Thornhill.

The Carse of Stirling
- 1766, Agatha Drummond inherited the ancestral estate of Blair Drummond on the north side of the Carse (about five miles from Stirling). Agatha was married to the eccentric, Henry Home, Lord Kames, a judge of the Court of Session.
"... He was over 70 when he and his wife took up residence at Blair Drummond. They found that over 1500 acres of the soaking moss lay within the inherited estate and he turned his undoubted intellect towards the problem of draining it. In 1768, the first tenant was settled on the Low Moss, nearest to Blair Drummond, and by 1774 another eleven were established".
The resident of Blairdrummond House was enlightenment thinker Lord Kames whose wife inherited the house in 1766. "... Lord Kames began the transformation of the carse area of Blair Drummond; turning it from an often water-laden moss into productive agricultural land...".
Blair Drummond House was entirely rebuilt in 1868-72 by James Campbell Walker (under instruction from George Stirling Home Drummond).

We back now to
Edward Sterling (1773 - 1847) who was a British journalist. He went from Ireland to Scotland and took to farming at Kames Castle [BUTE Island, west to Glasgow].
In 1804 he married Hester Coningham. In 1810 the family removed to Llanblethian in the Vale of Glamorgan;
contributed a number of letters to The Times, which were reprinted in 1812, and a second series in 1814, when he moved to Paris, but on the escape of Napoleon from Elba in 1815 took up residence in London.
"John Sterling was his second son, the elder being Colonel Sir Anthony Coningham Sterling (1805 - 1871), who besides serving in the Crimea and as military secretary to Lord Clyde during the Indian Mutiny, was the author of The Highland Brigade in the Crimea and other books".

Above John Sterling (1806 - 1844), was a Scottish author, born at Kames Castle on the Isle of Bute, the son of Edward Sterling; at the University of Glasgow; in 1824 entered Trinity College, Cambridge; in London, employing himself actively in literature; marriage to Susannah, daughter of Lieutenant-General Charles Barton (1760 - 1819) and his wife Susannah. In 1841 Sterling moved to Falmouth.

Edward Sterling (1773 - 1847), traced descent from William, younger brother of Sir Robert Sterling, who had served under Gustavus Adolphus, and, subsequently attaching himself to James Butler, first duke of Ormonde, was knighted in 1649. Edward, born at Waterford on 27 Feb. 1773; educated in Dublin; he migrated to Kames Castle and then to Llanblethian, near Cowbridge, Glamorganshire. 1814 - 1815 he was at Paris, and on his return to England he became a regular member of the 'Times' staff. He had become connected with General Torrijos and other Spanish refugees who were planning an expedition to Spain to overthrow the tyranny of Ferdinand VII. It was at his suggestion that an Irish cousin, Lieutenant Boyd, formerly of the East India service, found funds, a ship, and arms. He settled at Bayswater.
His arrival in Bordeaux, in the autumn of 1836, his return in 1837.
1837 in Sterling,
again driven abroad to Madeira. 1838 / 1839 spent at Rome, 1839 he took a house at Clifton.

John Sterling was born at Kaimes Castle = KAMES, a baronial residence in the Isle of Bute, 1806. Both his parents were Irish by birth, Scotch by extraction.
Edward Sterling was living at the Bute farm, flights to Dublin, to London, next in Kames / Kaimes Castle, and village of Llanblethian close by Cowbridge in Glamorganshire; John Sterling spent his next five years in this locality.

Very interesting research of Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire, 'Dictionnaire de la Franc-maconnerie', Paris, Armand Colin, 2014, p. 307-314: the conspiracy theory, a whole section of contemporary American literature to have become a topic of academic research among Americanists; revolutions from the eighteenth century.

But the first was
John Robison (1739 - 1805), a Scottish physicist and mathematician. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. A member of the Edinburgh Philosophical Society, the first General Secretary to the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783 - 1798).

See Becu in 1803 in Scotland (Dzierzynski, Becu, Pilar-Pilchau, Bulhak, Pilsudski).

Robison also worked with James Watt on an early steam car. Following the French Revolution, Robison became disenchanted with elements of the Enlightenment.

John Robison authored Proofs of a Conspiracy in 1797, a polemic accusing Freemasonry of being infiltrated by Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati.

John Robison was born in Boghall, Baldernock, Stirlingshire, close to Thornhill, north-west of Stirling; west of Drummond, south-west of the Doune castle.

See:
Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland; his father was John RUTHERFORD;

the Douglas family from Bothwell - 15 km south-east of Glasgow, Kincardineshire, 30 km south of Aberdeen, and from Fordoune, Scotland - 14 km north-west of Stirling;
see:
Douglas from Italy, Napoli.

James Francis Edward Keith b. 1696, a Scottish soldier, was born at Inverugie Castle near Peterhead - north of Aberdeen in eastern Scotland, the second son of William, 9th Earl Marischal of Scotland who b. ca 1664, and was also a Jacobite politician of Scotland.

Robert Wardlaw Ramsay of Tillicoultry and Whitehill.
Tillicoultry is located 18 km east of Stirling!

Louis Latour b. 1799, m. Catherine Smith in 1822, Calcutta;
Edward De Lautour married Catherine Sconce - second daughter of Robert Sconce, Esquire, of Stirling in Scotland - at Calcutta.

Back to John Robison:

"...In 1770 he travelled to Saint Petersburg as the Secretary of Admiral Charles Knowles, where he taught mathematics to the cadets at the Naval Academy at Cronstadt, obtaining a double salary and the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
... Robison returned to Scotland in 1773 and took up the post of Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. He lectured on mechanics, hydrostatics, astronomy, optics, electricity and magnetism (see Gernet, Duflon, Breguet, Konstantynowicz).

Towards the end of his life, he became an enthusiastic conspiracy theorist, publishing Proofs of a Conspiracy, ... in 1797, alleging clandestine intrigue by the Illuminati and Freemasons ... carried on in the secret meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati and Reading Societies.
The secret agent monk, Alexander Horn provided much of the material for Robison's allegations.
... In 1798, the Reverend G. W. Snyder sent Robison's book to George Washington for his thoughts on the subject in which he replied to him in a letter.
... Modern conspiracy theorists, such as Nesta Webster and William Guy Carr, believe the methods of the Illuminati as described in Proofs of a Conspiracy were copied by radical groups throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in their subversion of benign organizations...".

Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland;
his father was John RUTHERFORD

(his parents:
David RUTHERFORD

[his father David RUTHERFORD, b. 1764 in the parish of Kilmadock - 13 km north-west of Stirling, Perth, Scotland, who was son of James RUTHERFORD b. 1720 in Kilmadock, Perth, Scotland]

b. 1764 in Kilmadock, Perth, and mother Margaret FULTON from Of Kilmadock, Perth)

b. 1800 in Kilmadock, Perth, Scotland.

Douglas family from Bothwell - 15 km south-east of Glasgow, Kincardineshire 30 km south of Aberdeen,
and from Fordoune, Scotland - 14 km north-west of Srirling.

But we know also on Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland;
his father was John RUTHERFORD.
See:
Catherine Arbuthnot come from Alexander Arbuthnot, of Knox M. P., b. 1654 and mother Jean Scott; relatives to Margaret Douglas d. 1754: her parents Sylvester Douglas, of Whiteriggs d. 1729 and Margaret Keith.

Royal Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland.

John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, began building his residence on becoming keeper of Stirling Castle.
James, Duke of Albany, later King James VII of Scotland and II of England, visited the castle in 1681.
At the accession of King George I in 1714, John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar was deprived of the governorship, as well as the post of Scottish Secretary. In response, he raised the standard of James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", in the Jacobite rising of 1715.
John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar

[he was the 23rd Earl of Mar in the first creation of the earldom. He was also the sixth earl in the seventh creation (of 1565). Other sources count him as 22nd earl, still others number him 11th earl]:
John Erskine, Earl of Mar,
(born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND [Alloa is south of the Ochil Hills, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Stirling and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Falkirk] - died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle [in 1729 he went to Aix-la- Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln], now Aachen / Akwizgran, North Rhine-Westphalia in GERMANY. Mar intrigued against James, and by 1725 he was no longer welcome at James’s court in exile),
Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), from whom he inherited estates.

The Jacobite rising of 1745 saw Charles Edward Stuart lead his army of Highlanders past Stirling on the way to Edinburgh. Following the Jacobites' retreat from England, they returned to Stirling in January 1746.
"... The city's port supported foreign trade, historically doing significant trade in the Low Countries, particularly with Bruges in Belgium and Veere in the Netherlands. In the 16th century there were so many Scots in Danzig, ... there is an account which states there were about 30,000 Scots families living in Poland ... Trade with the Baltic also took place such as a timber trade with Norway...".
From 1800 the Stirling Castle was owned by the War Office and run as a barracks.

"... In the year 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the court of

[William I, Elector of Hesse / Wilhelm I, von Hessen, b. 1743, d. 1821, was the son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II. His father, landgrave Frederick II died in 1785.
Upon the death of his father in 1785, he became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
"...He hired Mayer Amschel Rothschild as 'Hoffaktor' in 1769, to supervise the operation of his properties and tax-gathering. ... the men had a strong relationship;
... Although they had been acquainted since 1775, William IX did not formally designate Rothschild as his overseer until 1801.
The early fortunes of the Rothschild family were made through a conjunction of financial intelligence and the wealth of Prince William. During the Napoleonic Wars, William used the Frankfurt Rothschilds to hide his fortune from Napoleon. This money then saw its way through to Nathan Mayer, in London, where it helped fund the British movements through Portugal and Spain. ...
It was not long before their riches outweighed those of their benefactor, William of Hesse-Kassel...".
In 1803, Landgrave William was created His Royal and Serene Highness The Prince-Elector of Hesse]

Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel (Prince William was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to George III, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden). Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.
Emerging conditions were soon to allow the Rothschilds to devise a plan that would assure them the complete control of European finances, with ambitions to control the world. Rothschilds also managed to have complete control of the British economy, after setting up a new Bank of England, which Nathan Rothschild controlled. In 1818 the Rothschild Family purchased enormous French government bonds and ultimately procured control of France...",
commentary by Dr. Ursula A. Falk.

This provocation - the Stamp Act in 1765 - was aimed at King George III and England, and its purpose was to provoke an anti-British revolution.

With the help of Baron Adolph von Knigge, on May 1, 1776, Weishaupt formed the Order of Perfectibilists, which was later known as the Illuminati. A convenient starting point is Ingolstadt, Bavaria on May 1, 1776. It is on this date that the former Jesuit Adam Weishaupt is recorded as having founded a New World Order - The Illuminati.

"... In 1770, he was chosen by Mayer Amschel Rothschild to develop an organization that Rothschild could use. In 1772, Weishaupt was made Professor of Civil Law. In 1773, he was made Professor of Canon Law, a post which had been held by the Jesuits for 90 years. They had founded most of the Universities, and kept strict control of them in order to eliminate Protestant influence. ... The Order of the Illuminati was officially founded in the old Jesuit stronghold of Bavaria. The Company would now use the ... House of Rothschild to finance the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon the Freemason with his Jesuit-trained advisor, Abbe Sieyes. In spite of the historical writings of the Jesuit Abbe Barruel, who blamed the Rothschild's and Freemasonry for the Revolution [1789 in France], it was the Society of Jesus that used these very tools to carry out the Revolution ...
Adam Weishaupt, a famous Mason, had developed the Illuminati, a secret society within a secret society. One Masonic historian himself has stated that the goals include 'found[ing] a new Hierarchy, to overturn all authority, and to press down all the Social Order under the level of Equality'.
Another Masonic historian stated 'the express aim of the Order was to abolish Christianity, and overturn all civil government'.
In Weishaupt's own words, the Illuminati 'will by degrees, and in silence, possess themselves of the government of the States, and make use of those means for this purpose ...'. ...
The Illuminati declared its mission to be the development of morality and virtue and the creation of an association of good men to oppose the progress of evil. The actual character of the society was determined by an elaborate network of spies and counter-spies created to ensure virtue. Weishaupt was initiated into Freemasonry Lodge 'Theodor zum guten Rath', at Munich in 1777. He began working towards incorporating his system of Illuminism into that of Masonry ...
1784, Weishaupt lost his position at the University of Ingolstadt and fled Bavaria. He received the assistance of Duke Ernest of Gotha, and lived in Gotha writing a series of works on Illuminism, including A Complete History of the Persecutions of the Illuminati in Bavaria (1785) ...
The Illuminati formed a committee entitled the Biblical Destruction Group. This committee disbanded fifty years later".

The Stamp Act of 1765 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.

George III (George William Frederick, born in 1738, d. 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, crowned in 1760, and in 1801, he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
He was concurrently Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover in 1814.
He was the grandson of King George II, and the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Augusta of Saxe- Gotha.

"... The American revolution was about to start against George III, King of Great Britain. It's obvious that the American colonies had legitimate reasons to demand independence, but what's odd about this uprising, is the fact that a large number of those promoting the revolt were actually members of secret societies (mainly Freemasonry)...".

"... Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel was the great-grandson of Elizabeth Charlotte, the sister of Frederick V of the Palatinate. Elizabeth Charlotte was also the grandmother to Frederick I King of Prussia. Frederick II of Hessen- Kassel was a direct descendant of 'Maurice the Learned' of Hesse-Kassel, uncle to Frederick IV of the Palatine. Maurice had procured the services of prominent Rosicrucians and alchemists, like Michael Maier, while the town of Kassel itself, according to Francis Yates, was where the Rosicrucian Manifestos were first published.
Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel married Maria Princess of Hanover, cousin of Frederick II the Great King of Prussia, and the daughter of [mentioned above] George II King of England. ...

In December 1745, Frederick [Frederick of Hesse] landed in Scotland with 6000 Hessian troops to support his father-in-law, [named above] George II of Great Britain, in dealing with the Jacobite rising, although he supported the 'Protestant succession' in Great Britain on this occasion, Frederick later converted from Calvinism to Catholicism. In February 1749, Frederick and his father visited the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Clemens August of Bavaria, who received Frederick into the Catholic Church".
In 1714, 6000 Hessians were rented to Sweden for its war with Russia whilst 12000 Hessians were hired by George I of Great Britain in 1715 to combat the Jacobite Rebellion.

"Rothschild's wealth was largely achieved through his association with the family of Hesse-Kassel.
Rothschild served a three year apprenticeship in Hanover at the Bank of Oppenheim, at the service to Lt. Gen. Baron von Estorff, who was the principal adviser to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel. Frederick II was a member of the Order of the Garter,
as well as the wealthiest man in Europe, much of it inherited from his father, Wilhelm VIII, brother of the King of Sweden".

Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, 1722-1796,
comes from the Lüneburg family of Estorff.
His parents were Ludolf Otto von Estorff (1696-1759) and his wife Eleonore de Farcy de St. Laurent (1701- 1784), the only daughter of the electoral Brunswick - Lüneburg lieutenant general of the cavalry Amaury de Farcy de Saint - Laurent (1652 - 1729).
In 1741, Emmerich Otto August von Estorff became an officer and in 1753 a captain at the Leibgarde.
Mentioned above Ludolf Otto von Estorff (d. 1759) that is Ludolph Otto II von Estorff (1696 - 1759).

Emmerich Otto August von Estorff (1722-1796), the Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg General Lieutenant, Baron von Estorff, advised the Landgrave of Hesse / HESSEN.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild became involved with Baron Von Estorff (the principal advisor to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse). Landgrave was the wealthiest man in Europe. Mayer Amschel Rothschild, in 1755, lost his parents. Baron von Estorff, was also an intimate friend of William IX - Landgrave of Hesse.
"During his apprenticeship at Oppenheim's Mayer Amschel had more than once come into contact with Lieutenant-General Baron von Estorff, an intimate friend of William IX, Landgrave of Hesse, and had won his good opinion and esteem. When years later Baron Estorff, who, from his own knowledge and Oppenheim's accounts, was able to form an estimate of Rothschild's worth, bad an opportunity of advancing his fortunes, he did not hesitate to recommend him to the Landgrave as a person well qualified to act as his financial agent. Seeing that the Landgrave had a private fortune of thirty-six million thalors, it was indeed a most lucrative post to obtain. Rothschild received a summons to wait upon the Landgrave. When he was ushered into the room, he discovered his Highness deep in a game of chess with Baron Estorff, who seemed to be getting the best of the struggle".
The result of the interview was that Mayer Amschel Rothschild was appointed Court-Banker to the Landgrave of Hesse, with support of Emmerich Otto August von Estorff (1722-1796) / Lieutenant-General Baron von Estorff, an intimate friend of William IX, Landgrave of Hesse.