Towards the end of his life, he became an enthusiastic conspiracy theorist, publishing Proofs of a Conspiracy, ... in 1797, alleging clandestine intrigue by the Illuminati and Freemasons ... carried on in the secret meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati and Reading Societies.
The secret agent monk, Alexander Horn provided much of the material for Robison's allegations.
... In 1798, the Reverend G. W. Snyder sent Robison's book to George Washington for his thoughts on the subject in which he replied to him in a letter.
... Modern conspiracy theorists, such as Nesta Webster and William Guy Carr, believe the methods of the Illuminati as described in Proofs of a Conspiracy were copied by radical groups throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in their subversion of benign organizations...".
Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland;
his father was John RUTHERFORD
(his parents:
David RUTHERFORD
[his father David RUTHERFORD, b. 1764 in the parish of Kilmadock - 13 km north-west of Stirling, Perth, Scotland, who was son of James RUTHERFORD b. 1720 in Kilmadock, Perth, Scotland]
b. 1764 in Kilmadock, Perth, and mother Margaret FULTON from Of Kilmadock, Perth)
b. 1800 in Kilmadock, Perth, Scotland.
Douglas family from Bothwell - 15 km south-east of Glasgow, Kincardineshire 30 km south of Aberdeen,
and from Fordoune, Scotland - 14 km north-west of Srirling.
But we know also on Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland;
his father was John RUTHERFORD.
See:
Catherine Arbuthnot come from Alexander Arbuthnot, of Knox M. P., b. 1654 and mother Jean Scott; relatives to Margaret Douglas d. 1754: her parents Sylvester Douglas, of Whiteriggs d. 1729 and Margaret Keith.
Royal Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland.
John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, began building his residence on becoming keeper of Stirling Castle.
James, Duke of Albany, later King James VII of Scotland and II of England, visited the castle in 1681.
At the accession of King George I in 1714, John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar was deprived of the governorship, as well as the post of Scottish Secretary. In response, he raised the standard of James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", in the Jacobite rising of 1715.
John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar
[he was the 23rd Earl of Mar in the first creation of the earldom. He was also the sixth earl in the seventh creation (of 1565). Other sources count him as 22nd earl, still others number him 11th earl]:
John Erskine, Earl of Mar,
(born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND [Alloa is south of the Ochil Hills, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Stirling and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Falkirk] - died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle [in 1729 he went to Aix-la- Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln], now Aachen / Akwizgran, North Rhine-Westphalia in GERMANY. Mar intrigued against James, and by 1725 he was no longer welcome at James’s court in exile),
Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), from whom he inherited estates.
The Jacobite rising of 1745 saw Charles Edward Stuart lead his army of Highlanders past Stirling on the way to Edinburgh. Following the Jacobites' retreat from England, they returned to Stirling in January 1746.
"... The city's port supported foreign trade, historically doing significant trade in the Low Countries, particularly with Bruges in Belgium and Veere in the Netherlands. In the 16th century there were so many Scots in Danzig, ... there is an account which states there were about 30,000 Scots families living in Poland ... Trade with the Baltic also took place such as a timber trade with Norway...".
From 1800 the Stirling Castle was owned by the War Office and run as a barracks.
"... In the year 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the court of
The secret agent monk, Alexander Horn provided much of the material for Robison's allegations.
... In 1798, the Reverend G. W. Snyder sent Robison's book to George Washington for his thoughts on the subject in which he replied to him in a letter.
... Modern conspiracy theorists, such as Nesta Webster and William Guy Carr, believe the methods of the Illuminati as described in Proofs of a Conspiracy were copied by radical groups throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in their subversion of benign organizations...".
Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland;
his father was John RUTHERFORD
(his parents:
David RUTHERFORD
[his father David RUTHERFORD, b. 1764 in the parish of Kilmadock - 13 km north-west of Stirling, Perth, Scotland, who was son of James RUTHERFORD b. 1720 in Kilmadock, Perth, Scotland]
b. 1764 in Kilmadock, Perth, and mother Margaret FULTON from Of Kilmadock, Perth)
b. 1800 in Kilmadock, Perth, Scotland.
Douglas family from Bothwell - 15 km south-east of Glasgow, Kincardineshire 30 km south of Aberdeen,
and from Fordoune, Scotland - 14 km north-west of Srirling.
But we know also on Peter Rutherford, b. 1843 in Doune - 15 km north-west of Stirling, Kilmadock, Perth in Scotland;
his father was John RUTHERFORD.
See:
Catherine Arbuthnot come from Alexander Arbuthnot, of Knox M. P., b. 1654 and mother Jean Scott; relatives to Margaret Douglas d. 1754: her parents Sylvester Douglas, of Whiteriggs d. 1729 and Margaret Keith.
Royal Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland.
John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, began building his residence on becoming keeper of Stirling Castle.
James, Duke of Albany, later King James VII of Scotland and II of England, visited the castle in 1681.
At the accession of King George I in 1714, John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar was deprived of the governorship, as well as the post of Scottish Secretary. In response, he raised the standard of James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", in the Jacobite rising of 1715.
John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar
[he was the 23rd Earl of Mar in the first creation of the earldom. He was also the sixth earl in the seventh creation (of 1565). Other sources count him as 22nd earl, still others number him 11th earl]:
John Erskine, Earl of Mar,
(born in 1675 in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, SCOTLAND [Alloa is south of the Ochil Hills, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Stirling and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of Falkirk] - died in May 1732 at Free City Aix-la-Chapelle [in 1729 he went to Aix-la- Chapelle, then France, but now Aachen, near Koln], now Aachen / Akwizgran, North Rhine-Westphalia in GERMANY. Mar intrigued against James, and by 1725 he was no longer welcome at James’s court in exile),
Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), from whom he inherited estates.
The Jacobite rising of 1745 saw Charles Edward Stuart lead his army of Highlanders past Stirling on the way to Edinburgh. Following the Jacobites' retreat from England, they returned to Stirling in January 1746.
"... The city's port supported foreign trade, historically doing significant trade in the Low Countries, particularly with Bruges in Belgium and Veere in the Netherlands. In the 16th century there were so many Scots in Danzig, ... there is an account which states there were about 30,000 Scots families living in Poland ... Trade with the Baltic also took place such as a timber trade with Norway...".
From 1800 the Stirling Castle was owned by the War Office and run as a barracks.
"... In the year 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the court of
[William I, Elector of Hesse / Wilhelm I, von Hessen, b. 1743, d. 1821, was the son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II. His father, landgrave Frederick II died in 1785.
Upon the death of his father in 1785, he became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
"...He hired Mayer Amschel Rothschild as 'Hoffaktor' in 1769, to supervise the operation of his properties and tax-gathering. ... the men had a strong relationship;
... Although they had been acquainted since 1775, William IX did not formally designate Rothschild as his overseer until 1801.
The early fortunes of the Rothschild family were made through a conjunction of financial intelligence and the wealth of Prince William. During the Napoleonic Wars, William used the Frankfurt Rothschilds to hide his fortune from Napoleon. This money then saw its way through to Nathan Mayer, in London, where it helped fund the British movements through Portugal and Spain. ...
It was not long before their riches outweighed those of their benefactor, William of Hesse-Kassel...".
In 1803, Landgrave William was created His Royal and Serene Highness The Prince-Elector of Hesse]
Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel (Prince William was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to George III, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden). Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.
Emerging conditions were soon to allow the Rothschilds to devise a plan that would assure them the complete control of European finances, with ambitions to control the world. Rothschilds also managed to have complete control of the British economy, after setting up a new Bank of England, which Nathan Rothschild controlled. In 1818 the Rothschild Family purchased enormous French government bonds and ultimately procured control of France...",
commentary by Dr. Ursula A. Falk.
This provocation - the Stamp Act in 1765 - was aimed at King George III and England, and its purpose was to provoke an anti-British revolution.
With the help of Baron Adolph von Knigge, on May 1, 1776, Weishaupt formed the Order of Perfectibilists, which was later known as the Illuminati. A convenient starting point is Ingolstadt, Bavaria on May 1, 1776. It is on this date that the former Jesuit Adam Weishaupt is recorded as having founded a New World Order - The Illuminati.
Upon the death of his father in 1785, he became William IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
"...He hired Mayer Amschel Rothschild as 'Hoffaktor' in 1769, to supervise the operation of his properties and tax-gathering. ... the men had a strong relationship;
... Although they had been acquainted since 1775, William IX did not formally designate Rothschild as his overseer until 1801.
The early fortunes of the Rothschild family were made through a conjunction of financial intelligence and the wealth of Prince William. During the Napoleonic Wars, William used the Frankfurt Rothschilds to hide his fortune from Napoleon. This money then saw its way through to Nathan Mayer, in London, where it helped fund the British movements through Portugal and Spain. ...
It was not long before their riches outweighed those of their benefactor, William of Hesse-Kassel...".
In 1803, Landgrave William was created His Royal and Serene Highness The Prince-Elector of Hesse]
Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel (Prince William was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to George III, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden). Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.
Emerging conditions were soon to allow the Rothschilds to devise a plan that would assure them the complete control of European finances, with ambitions to control the world. Rothschilds also managed to have complete control of the British economy, after setting up a new Bank of England, which Nathan Rothschild controlled. In 1818 the Rothschild Family purchased enormous French government bonds and ultimately procured control of France...",
commentary by Dr. Ursula A. Falk.
This provocation - the Stamp Act in 1765 - was aimed at King George III and England, and its purpose was to provoke an anti-British revolution.
With the help of Baron Adolph von Knigge, on May 1, 1776, Weishaupt formed the Order of Perfectibilists, which was later known as the Illuminati. A convenient starting point is Ingolstadt, Bavaria on May 1, 1776. It is on this date that the former Jesuit Adam Weishaupt is recorded as having founded a New World Order - The Illuminati.
"... In 1770, he was chosen by Mayer Amschel Rothschild to develop an organization that Rothschild could use. In 1772, Weishaupt was made Professor of Civil Law. In 1773, he was made Professor of Canon Law, a post which had been held by the Jesuits for 90 years. They had founded most of the Universities, and kept strict control of them in order to eliminate Protestant influence. ... The Order of the Illuminati was officially founded in the old Jesuit stronghold of Bavaria. The Company would now use the ... House of Rothschild to finance the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon the Freemason with his Jesuit-trained advisor, Abbe Sieyes. In spite of the historical writings of the Jesuit Abbe Barruel, who blamed the Rothschild's and Freemasonry for the Revolution [1789 in France], it was the Society of Jesus that used these very tools to carry out the Revolution ...
Adam Weishaupt, a famous Mason, had developed the Illuminati, a secret society within a secret society. One Masonic historian himself has stated that the goals include 'found[ing] a new Hierarchy, to overturn all authority, and to press down all the Social Order under the level of Equality'.
Another Masonic historian stated 'the express aim of the Order was to abolish Christianity, and overturn all civil government'.
In Weishaupt's own words, the Illuminati 'will by degrees, and in silence, possess themselves of the government of the States, and make use of those means for this purpose ...'. ...
The Illuminati declared its mission to be the development of morality and virtue and the creation of an association of good men to oppose the progress of evil. The actual character of the society was determined by an elaborate network of spies and counter-spies created to ensure virtue. Weishaupt was initiated into Freemasonry Lodge 'Theodor zum guten Rath', at Munich in 1777. He began working towards incorporating his system of Illuminism into that of Masonry ...
1784, Weishaupt lost his position at the University of Ingolstadt and fled Bavaria. He received the assistance of Duke Ernest of Gotha, and lived in Gotha writing a series of works on Illuminism, including A Complete History of the Persecutions of the Illuminati in Bavaria (1785) ...
The Illuminati formed a committee entitled the Biblical Destruction Group. This committee disbanded fifty years later".
The Stamp Act of 1765 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.
George III (George William Frederick, born in 1738, d. 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, crowned in 1760, and in 1801, he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
He was concurrently Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover in 1814.
He was the grandson of King George II, and the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Augusta of Saxe- Gotha.
"... The American revolution was about to start against George III, King of Great Britain. It's obvious that the American colonies had legitimate reasons to demand independence, but what's odd about this uprising, is the fact that a large number of those promoting the revolt were actually members of secret societies (mainly Freemasonry)...".
Adam Weishaupt, a famous Mason, had developed the Illuminati, a secret society within a secret society. One Masonic historian himself has stated that the goals include 'found[ing] a new Hierarchy, to overturn all authority, and to press down all the Social Order under the level of Equality'.
Another Masonic historian stated 'the express aim of the Order was to abolish Christianity, and overturn all civil government'.
In Weishaupt's own words, the Illuminati 'will by degrees, and in silence, possess themselves of the government of the States, and make use of those means for this purpose ...'. ...
The Illuminati declared its mission to be the development of morality and virtue and the creation of an association of good men to oppose the progress of evil. The actual character of the society was determined by an elaborate network of spies and counter-spies created to ensure virtue. Weishaupt was initiated into Freemasonry Lodge 'Theodor zum guten Rath', at Munich in 1777. He began working towards incorporating his system of Illuminism into that of Masonry ...
1784, Weishaupt lost his position at the University of Ingolstadt and fled Bavaria. He received the assistance of Duke Ernest of Gotha, and lived in Gotha writing a series of works on Illuminism, including A Complete History of the Persecutions of the Illuminati in Bavaria (1785) ...
The Illuminati formed a committee entitled the Biblical Destruction Group. This committee disbanded fifty years later".
The Stamp Act of 1765 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.
George III (George William Frederick, born in 1738, d. 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, crowned in 1760, and in 1801, he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
He was concurrently Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover in 1814.
He was the grandson of King George II, and the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Augusta of Saxe- Gotha.
"... The American revolution was about to start against George III, King of Great Britain. It's obvious that the American colonies had legitimate reasons to demand independence, but what's odd about this uprising, is the fact that a large number of those promoting the revolt were actually members of secret societies (mainly Freemasonry)...".
"... Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel was the great-grandson of Elizabeth Charlotte, the sister of Frederick V of the Palatinate. Elizabeth Charlotte was also the grandmother to Frederick I King of Prussia. Frederick II of Hessen- Kassel was a direct descendant of 'Maurice the Learned' of Hesse-Kassel, uncle to Frederick IV of the Palatine. Maurice had procured the services of prominent Rosicrucians and alchemists, like Michael Maier, while the town of Kassel itself, according to Francis Yates, was where the Rosicrucian Manifestos were first published.
Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel married Maria Princess of Hanover, cousin of Frederick II the Great King of Prussia, and the daughter of [mentioned above] George II King of England. ...
In December 1745, Frederick [Frederick of Hesse] landed in Scotland with 6000 Hessian troops to support his father-in-law, [named above] George II of Great Britain, in dealing with the Jacobite rising, although he supported the 'Protestant succession' in Great Britain on this occasion, Frederick later converted from Calvinism to Catholicism. In February 1749, Frederick and his father visited the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Clemens August of Bavaria, who received Frederick into the Catholic Church".
In 1714, 6000 Hessians were rented to Sweden for its war with Russia whilst 12000 Hessians were hired by George I of Great Britain in 1715 to combat the Jacobite Rebellion.
"Rothschild's wealth was largely achieved through his association with the family of Hesse-Kassel.
Rothschild served a three year apprenticeship in Hanover at the Bank of Oppenheim, at the service to Lt. Gen. Baron von Estorff, who was the principal adviser to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel. Frederick II was a member of the Order of the Garter,
as well as the wealthiest man in Europe, much of it inherited from his father, Wilhelm VIII, brother of the King of Sweden".
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, 1722-1796,
comes from the Lüneburg family of Estorff.
His parents were Ludolf Otto von Estorff (1696-1759) and his wife Eleonore de Farcy de St. Laurent (1701- 1784), the only daughter of the electoral Brunswick - Lüneburg lieutenant general of the cavalry Amaury de Farcy de Saint - Laurent (1652 - 1729).
In 1741, Emmerich Otto August von Estorff became an officer and in 1753 a captain at the Leibgarde.
Mentioned above Ludolf Otto von Estorff (d. 1759) that is Ludolph Otto II von Estorff (1696 - 1759).
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff (1722-1796), the Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg General Lieutenant, Baron von Estorff, advised the Landgrave of Hesse / HESSEN.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild became involved with Baron Von Estorff (the principal advisor to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse). Landgrave was the wealthiest man in Europe. Mayer Amschel Rothschild, in 1755, lost his parents. Baron von Estorff, was also an intimate friend of William IX - Landgrave of Hesse.
"During his apprenticeship at Oppenheim's Mayer Amschel had more than once come into contact with Lieutenant-General Baron von Estorff, an intimate friend of William IX, Landgrave of Hesse, and had won his good opinion and esteem. When years later Baron Estorff, who, from his own knowledge and Oppenheim's accounts, was able to form an estimate of Rothschild's worth, bad an opportunity of advancing his fortunes, he did not hesitate to recommend him to the Landgrave as a person well qualified to act as his financial agent. Seeing that the Landgrave had a private fortune of thirty-six million thalors, it was indeed a most lucrative post to obtain. Rothschild received a summons to wait upon the Landgrave. When he was ushered into the room, he discovered his Highness deep in a game of chess with Baron Estorff, who seemed to be getting the best of the struggle".
The result of the interview was that Mayer Amschel Rothschild was appointed Court-Banker to the Landgrave of Hesse, with support of Emmerich Otto August von Estorff (1722-1796) / Lieutenant-General Baron von Estorff, an intimate friend of William IX, Landgrave of Hesse.
Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel married Maria Princess of Hanover, cousin of Frederick II the Great King of Prussia, and the daughter of [mentioned above] George II King of England. ...
In December 1745, Frederick [Frederick of Hesse] landed in Scotland with 6000 Hessian troops to support his father-in-law, [named above] George II of Great Britain, in dealing with the Jacobite rising, although he supported the 'Protestant succession' in Great Britain on this occasion, Frederick later converted from Calvinism to Catholicism. In February 1749, Frederick and his father visited the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Clemens August of Bavaria, who received Frederick into the Catholic Church".
In 1714, 6000 Hessians were rented to Sweden for its war with Russia whilst 12000 Hessians were hired by George I of Great Britain in 1715 to combat the Jacobite Rebellion.
"Rothschild's wealth was largely achieved through his association with the family of Hesse-Kassel.
Rothschild served a three year apprenticeship in Hanover at the Bank of Oppenheim, at the service to Lt. Gen. Baron von Estorff, who was the principal adviser to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel. Frederick II was a member of the Order of the Garter,
as well as the wealthiest man in Europe, much of it inherited from his father, Wilhelm VIII, brother of the King of Sweden".
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, 1722-1796,
comes from the Lüneburg family of Estorff.
His parents were Ludolf Otto von Estorff (1696-1759) and his wife Eleonore de Farcy de St. Laurent (1701- 1784), the only daughter of the electoral Brunswick - Lüneburg lieutenant general of the cavalry Amaury de Farcy de Saint - Laurent (1652 - 1729).
In 1741, Emmerich Otto August von Estorff became an officer and in 1753 a captain at the Leibgarde.
Mentioned above Ludolf Otto von Estorff (d. 1759) that is Ludolph Otto II von Estorff (1696 - 1759).
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff (1722-1796), the Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg General Lieutenant, Baron von Estorff, advised the Landgrave of Hesse / HESSEN.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild became involved with Baron Von Estorff (the principal advisor to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse). Landgrave was the wealthiest man in Europe. Mayer Amschel Rothschild, in 1755, lost his parents. Baron von Estorff, was also an intimate friend of William IX - Landgrave of Hesse.
"During his apprenticeship at Oppenheim's Mayer Amschel had more than once come into contact with Lieutenant-General Baron von Estorff, an intimate friend of William IX, Landgrave of Hesse, and had won his good opinion and esteem. When years later Baron Estorff, who, from his own knowledge and Oppenheim's accounts, was able to form an estimate of Rothschild's worth, bad an opportunity of advancing his fortunes, he did not hesitate to recommend him to the Landgrave as a person well qualified to act as his financial agent. Seeing that the Landgrave had a private fortune of thirty-six million thalors, it was indeed a most lucrative post to obtain. Rothschild received a summons to wait upon the Landgrave. When he was ushered into the room, he discovered his Highness deep in a game of chess with Baron Estorff, who seemed to be getting the best of the struggle".
The result of the interview was that Mayer Amschel Rothschild was appointed Court-Banker to the Landgrave of Hesse, with support of Emmerich Otto August von Estorff (1722-1796) / Lieutenant-General Baron von Estorff, an intimate friend of William IX, Landgrave of Hesse.
In HANOVER, Mayer Amschel Rothschild b. 1743, was working 3 years with OPPENHEIM, and made the acquaintance of Lieutenant-General baron von Estorff, the man nearest to Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse Cassel (1760 - 1785). In 1770 Mayer Amschel Rothschild returned to Frankfurt am Main. Ca 1770/1771 ESTORFF introduced AMSCHEL to the Landgrave FREDERICK II.
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff d. 1796 in Northeim; was an Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg Lieutenant General.
After the entry of the Electorate of Hanover in the Seven Years' War as a coalition partner of Prussia and Britain, he moved in 1757 as Brigadier Major of the cavalry in the General Staff. He belonged to this,
first under the supreme command of Duke August Wilhelm of Cumberland,
then the Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick.
Estorff was sent with the victory message to London, where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel by King George II. On December 8, 1761 he was colonel and on December 9, 1762 Quartermaster General of the Hanoverian Army.
This position, he held until his death. In 1764 the colonel was one of the founding members of the Celler Agricultural Society. Estorff had his headquarters first in Grohnde on the Weser, then in the city of Northeim. On 9 September 1777 he was appointed lieutenant general and in 1781 he was made inspector general of the entire Hanoverian cavalry. He was married twice. His first wife Helene von der Schulenburg; 2nd time in 1777 in Moringen to Luise Albertine of Munchausen.
1759 in Scotland and England:
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, d. 1796 in Northeim; was an Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg Lieutenant General. Emmerich Otto August von Estorff took part in the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759. Estorff was sent with the victory message to London in AUGUST 1759 [Wilhelmshaven 04th August ?; London on 08th August 1759 ? - in the 18th century journeys of ships from London took approximately 100-150 miles per day on average - or about 100 to 140 miles per day], where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on August 10, 1759 by King George II.
In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] in Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh. In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.
'Benjamin Franklin in Scotland', by The Hon. Lord Mackenzie-Stuart:
"... In February of 1759, the University of St Andrews conferred upon Franklin the degree of Doctor of Laws and the University Minute designs him solely as "famous for his writings on Electricity". ...
Franklin made two visits to Scotland
{Benjamin Franklin came to Scotland twice, in 1759 and 1771. He met in 1771 Christian David Hume; in 1771, he made second visit in Edinburgh; in October 1771 met also Robertson, Principle of the University; on 6 November 1771, Marchant and Franklin set out for Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames. There is mention of passing en route the Forth and Clyde Canal then under construction; Franklin and Marchant stayed at Blair-Drummond, in part held up by bad weather, until 16 November. At Glasgow, the travellers again visited the University; back to Edinburgh on 17 November. Dr Franklin dined with Lord Kames and with Adam Ferguson, leaving Edinburgh on Thursday 21st, taking two full days to reach Carlisle; visit to Sir Alexander Dick; In 1775 he returned to America to participate in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was accredited to the Court of Versailles as the ambassador of the new United States}.
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff d. 1796 in Northeim; was an Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg Lieutenant General.
After the entry of the Electorate of Hanover in the Seven Years' War as a coalition partner of Prussia and Britain, he moved in 1757 as Brigadier Major of the cavalry in the General Staff. He belonged to this,
first under the supreme command of Duke August Wilhelm of Cumberland,
then the Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick.
Estorff was sent with the victory message to London, where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel by King George II. On December 8, 1761 he was colonel and on December 9, 1762 Quartermaster General of the Hanoverian Army.
This position, he held until his death. In 1764 the colonel was one of the founding members of the Celler Agricultural Society. Estorff had his headquarters first in Grohnde on the Weser, then in the city of Northeim. On 9 September 1777 he was appointed lieutenant general and in 1781 he was made inspector general of the entire Hanoverian cavalry. He was married twice. His first wife Helene von der Schulenburg; 2nd time in 1777 in Moringen to Luise Albertine of Munchausen.
1759 in Scotland and England:
Emmerich Otto August von Estorff, d. 1796 in Northeim; was an Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg Lieutenant General. Emmerich Otto August von Estorff took part in the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759. Estorff was sent with the victory message to London in AUGUST 1759 [Wilhelmshaven 04th August ?; London on 08th August 1759 ? - in the 18th century journeys of ships from London took approximately 100-150 miles per day on average - or about 100 to 140 miles per day], where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on August 10, 1759 by King George II.
In Scotland, in November 1771, Benjamin Franklin spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling [!] in Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames, and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh. In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son.
'Benjamin Franklin in Scotland', by The Hon. Lord Mackenzie-Stuart:
"... In February of 1759, the University of St Andrews conferred upon Franklin the degree of Doctor of Laws and the University Minute designs him solely as "famous for his writings on Electricity". ...
Franklin made two visits to Scotland
{Benjamin Franklin came to Scotland twice, in 1759 and 1771. He met in 1771 Christian David Hume; in 1771, he made second visit in Edinburgh; in October 1771 met also Robertson, Principle of the University; on 6 November 1771, Marchant and Franklin set out for Blair-Drummond, by then the property of Lord and Lady Kames. There is mention of passing en route the Forth and Clyde Canal then under construction; Franklin and Marchant stayed at Blair-Drummond, in part held up by bad weather, until 16 November. At Glasgow, the travellers again visited the University; back to Edinburgh on 17 November. Dr Franklin dined with Lord Kames and with Adam Ferguson, leaving Edinburgh on Thursday 21st, taking two full days to reach Carlisle; visit to Sir Alexander Dick; In 1775 he returned to America to participate in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was accredited to the Court of Versailles as the ambassador of the new United States}.
The first lasted from the beginning of September 1759 until the middle of October 1759.
... William Strahan his Edinburgh born but London based agent and friend ...
Franklin accompanied by his son William left London at the end of the first week in August [maybe on 10th August ? in 1759]
and proceeded ... by the West Coast route. On August 29 ... from Liverpool ... The party finally arrived in Edinburgh on September 1st or 2nd. ... On 5 September [1759] the Franklins, father and son, were admitted Guild Brethren of the City of Edinburgh at a ceremony presided over by the great Lord Provost Drummond ... during his stay in Edinburgh Franklin met to our recorded knowledge almost all the circle of friends and acquaintances whom we associate with the Scottish Enlightenment. Above all
Lord Kames
and Sir Alexander Dick,
but also both the professors Munro,
Adam Ferguson,
Joseph Black and
Doctors Cullen and Russell,
the future Principal Robertson and
Adam Smith ...
On 17 September, Franklin left Edinburgh for Glasgow ...
The next week or two were taken up with a Highland visit, perhaps including a visit to Inverary, and on 2 October Franklin was in St Andrews where he was admitted a Guild Brother and received by the University in their Library ...
From 4 October to the end of the visit on 12 October, 1759, the Franklins were occupied again by the social round. During this week they found time, in the company of
Sir Alexander Dick
and Lord Provost Drummond,
to visit the Royal Infirmary ...
It was from this period too that Franklin's friendship with Lord Kames can effectively be dated, although they had earlier been in correspondence (and on the return journey [in 1759] to England
the Franklins stayed with Lord and Lady Kames at Kames in Berwickshire).
...".
At http://www.conspiracyschool.com/round-table by David Livingstone, born in Montreal in 1966:
"...The plot of the Illuminati is directed from London ... According to researcher Dr. John Coleman, who interviewed a Grand Master at Oxford, the Knights of the Garter are the inner-sanctum, the elite of the elite of Her Majesty's Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem
[in 1823, the Council of the French Langues, faction of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, sought to raise through private money to restore a territorial base for the Order of Malta, but the attempt was failed when details leaked to the press. Then the Marquis de Sainte-Croix du Molay became its head. In 1826, Philippe de Castellane, a French Knight of Malta, negotiated in Britain with Scotsman, Donald Currie; De Castellane and Currie were then allowed by the French Council to form the Council of the English Langue in 1831, with a headquartered at St John's Gate {the Old Jerusalem Tavern}, in Clerkenwell
{see Edward Brown, Gudak and Breguet
(in 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to Edward Brown; he collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel, and he met Alexander Graham Bell and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market. He had one son Antoine b. 1851 and he was grandfather of Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer - see Duflon & Konstantynowicz in St Petersburg and Moscow - more at http://konstantynowicz.info/Deka_Company_1904_- _1918_St_Petersburg/index.html - and a line to Miezonka and Wola Pszczolecka)
and also Lenin and Trocki
(Krzyzanowski and the Templars in Volhynia and Kiev - a line to the Posen province and Mielzynski - see Angela Merkel and Hanna Suchocka, and also to Cracow and Paszkowski - a line to Armand in Moscow and Anna Konstantynowicz - see Lenin and 'Iskra' - a line to Dzierzynski, Pilsudski, Pilar Pilchau - see 1939 in the Soviet Union):
... William Strahan his Edinburgh born but London based agent and friend ...
Franklin accompanied by his son William left London at the end of the first week in August [maybe on 10th August ? in 1759]
and proceeded ... by the West Coast route. On August 29 ... from Liverpool ... The party finally arrived in Edinburgh on September 1st or 2nd. ... On 5 September [1759] the Franklins, father and son, were admitted Guild Brethren of the City of Edinburgh at a ceremony presided over by the great Lord Provost Drummond ... during his stay in Edinburgh Franklin met to our recorded knowledge almost all the circle of friends and acquaintances whom we associate with the Scottish Enlightenment. Above all
Lord Kames
and Sir Alexander Dick,
but also both the professors Munro,
Adam Ferguson,
Joseph Black and
Doctors Cullen and Russell,
the future Principal Robertson and
Adam Smith ...
On 17 September, Franklin left Edinburgh for Glasgow ...
The next week or two were taken up with a Highland visit, perhaps including a visit to Inverary, and on 2 October Franklin was in St Andrews where he was admitted a Guild Brother and received by the University in their Library ...
From 4 October to the end of the visit on 12 October, 1759, the Franklins were occupied again by the social round. During this week they found time, in the company of
Sir Alexander Dick
and Lord Provost Drummond,
to visit the Royal Infirmary ...
It was from this period too that Franklin's friendship with Lord Kames can effectively be dated, although they had earlier been in correspondence (and on the return journey [in 1759] to England
the Franklins stayed with Lord and Lady Kames at Kames in Berwickshire).
...".
At http://www.conspiracyschool.com/round-table by David Livingstone, born in Montreal in 1966:
"...The plot of the Illuminati is directed from London ... According to researcher Dr. John Coleman, who interviewed a Grand Master at Oxford, the Knights of the Garter are the inner-sanctum, the elite of the elite of Her Majesty's Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem
[in 1823, the Council of the French Langues, faction of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, sought to raise through private money to restore a territorial base for the Order of Malta, but the attempt was failed when details leaked to the press. Then the Marquis de Sainte-Croix du Molay became its head. In 1826, Philippe de Castellane, a French Knight of Malta, negotiated in Britain with Scotsman, Donald Currie; De Castellane and Currie were then allowed by the French Council to form the Council of the English Langue in 1831, with a headquartered at St John's Gate {the Old Jerusalem Tavern}, in Clerkenwell
{see Edward Brown, Gudak and Breguet
(in 1870 Louis Francois Clement Breguet transferred the leadership of the company to Edward Brown; he collaborated with Heinrich Ruhmkorff, George Daniels and Professor Thomas Engel, and he met Alexander Graham Bell and obtained a license to manufacture Bell telephones for the French market. He had one son Antoine b. 1851 and he was grandfather of Louis Charles Breguet, aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer - see Duflon & Konstantynowicz in St Petersburg and Moscow - more at http://konstantynowicz.info/Deka_Company_1904_- _1918_St_Petersburg/index.html - and a line to Miezonka and Wola Pszczolecka)
and also Lenin and Trocki
(Krzyzanowski and the Templars in Volhynia and Kiev - a line to the Posen province and Mielzynski - see Angela Merkel and Hanna Suchocka, and also to Cracow and Paszkowski - a line to Armand in Moscow and Anna Konstantynowicz - see Lenin and 'Iskra' - a line to Dzierzynski, Pilsudski, Pilar Pilchau - see 1939 in the Soviet Union):
at 30 Holford Square / Holford Gardens [1800 meters north-west of Clerkenwell Green], Lenin's first London address in April 1902 to 1903 and the offices of Iskra were at 37a Clerkenwell Green - 250 meters north-west of the Old Jerusalem Tavern! At present the Marx Memorial Library is situated ca 200 meters West of the Priory Church of the Order of St John}.
The Order of St. John, formally the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem known as St John International, is a royal order of chivalry first constituted in 1888 by royal charter from Queen Victoria a faction of the Order of Malta that emerged in France in the 1820s].
The Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati hierarchy ...
[Queen Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria b. 1819 was daughter of
Edward, Duke of Kent
(son of George III {his father Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha} + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1744 - 1818 {her father Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow, and mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen})
and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1786 - 1861
(1803 at Coburg, she married 1st to Charles, Prince of Leiningen; 2nd to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, in 1818 at Amorbach. Victoria's father was Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and mother Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf daughter of Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg)]
... [mentioned above] Charlotte was the grandmother of Queen Victoria, and whose son married the daughter of Frederick III of Hessen-Kassell.
Charlotte's brother was Charles II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whose daughter married the heir of the Prussian crown, Frederick William III.
Frederick II of Prussia was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, who married Louise of Brunswick- Wolfenbuettel. She was the sister of Frederick Duke of Brunswick, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.
Of Frederick William III and Louise' four children, three married the brothers and sisters of Csar Alexander I.
Frederick William III's daughter, Charlotte of Prussia, married Paul's son, Czar Nicholas I, who succeeded Alexander I, and who also belonged to the Order of the Garter.
Frederick's son Wilhelm I married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, the daughter of Nicholas' sister Maria Romanov.
A third child of Frederick, Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia, married Maria's Romanov other daughter, Marie Luisa Alexandrina von Saxe-Weimar.
The son of Csar Nicholas, Constantine Nicholaievitch Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia, fathered Olga Constantinovna Romanov, who married George I King of Greece. George was a member of the Order of the Garter, as was his father, Christian IX of Denmark. ...
Christian IX was, in the last years of his life, named Europe's 'father-in-law'. ... Christian's daughter, Maria Fyodorovna married Csar Nicholas III, father of Nicholas II who was killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918. Princess Alexandra married Queen Victoria's son, King Edward VII, the Grand Master of Freemasonry. ...".
The Order of the Garter - The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry; several supernumerary members, known as 'Royal Knights and Ladies of the Garter', belong to the royal family. These titles were introduced in 1786 by King George III; with the installation of Emperor Alexander I of Russia in 1813, supernumerary membership was extended to foreign monarchs, who are known as 'Stranger Knights and Ladies of the Garter'.
The forerunners of the Freemasons - the Knights Templar - founded the concept of banking.
According to former British intelligence agent John Coleman's book, 'The Committee of 300':
The Order of St. John, formally the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem known as St John International, is a royal order of chivalry first constituted in 1888 by royal charter from Queen Victoria a faction of the Order of Malta that emerged in France in the 1820s].
The Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati hierarchy ...
[Queen Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria b. 1819 was daughter of
Edward, Duke of Kent
(son of George III {his father Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha} + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1744 - 1818 {her father Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow, and mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen})
and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1786 - 1861
(1803 at Coburg, she married 1st to Charles, Prince of Leiningen; 2nd to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, in 1818 at Amorbach. Victoria's father was Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and mother Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf daughter of Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg)]
... [mentioned above] Charlotte was the grandmother of Queen Victoria, and whose son married the daughter of Frederick III of Hessen-Kassell.
Charlotte's brother was Charles II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whose daughter married the heir of the Prussian crown, Frederick William III.
Frederick II of Prussia was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, who married Louise of Brunswick- Wolfenbuettel. She was the sister of Frederick Duke of Brunswick, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.
Of Frederick William III and Louise' four children, three married the brothers and sisters of Csar Alexander I.
Frederick William III's daughter, Charlotte of Prussia, married Paul's son, Czar Nicholas I, who succeeded Alexander I, and who also belonged to the Order of the Garter.
Frederick's son Wilhelm I married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, the daughter of Nicholas' sister Maria Romanov.
A third child of Frederick, Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia, married Maria's Romanov other daughter, Marie Luisa Alexandrina von Saxe-Weimar.
The son of Csar Nicholas, Constantine Nicholaievitch Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia, fathered Olga Constantinovna Romanov, who married George I King of Greece. George was a member of the Order of the Garter, as was his father, Christian IX of Denmark. ...
Christian IX was, in the last years of his life, named Europe's 'father-in-law'. ... Christian's daughter, Maria Fyodorovna married Csar Nicholas III, father of Nicholas II who was killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918. Princess Alexandra married Queen Victoria's son, King Edward VII, the Grand Master of Freemasonry. ...".
The Order of the Garter - The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry; several supernumerary members, known as 'Royal Knights and Ladies of the Garter', belong to the royal family. These titles were introduced in 1786 by King George III; with the installation of Emperor Alexander I of Russia in 1813, supernumerary membership was extended to foreign monarchs, who are known as 'Stranger Knights and Ladies of the Garter'.
The forerunners of the Freemasons - the Knights Templar - founded the concept of banking.
According to former British intelligence agent John Coleman's book, 'The Committee of 300':
the Rothschilds exert political control through the secretive Business Roundtable, which they created in 1909 with the help of Lord Alfred Milner and South African industrialist Cecil Rhodes.
It was the plan known as The Society of the Elect, and an outer circle, to be known as The Association of Helpers, and within The Society of the Elect, the real power was to be a 'Junta of Three'. The leader was Rhodes with Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner who was added to the society by Stead.
Rhodes had been planning this event for more than seventeen years (before 1872).
See: the letter of Pike to Mazzini in 1871, and Edward Brown - Breguet Company in 1870.
Stead had been introduced to the plan on 4 April 1889, and Brett had been told of it on 3 February 1890. In modified form, it exists to this day. From 1891 to 1902, it was known to only a score of persons. Sir Edward Grey was a member of the Fabian Co-Efficients, who also belonged to the inner circle of the Rhodes' Round Table groups that were under the direction of Alfred Milner; others members:
Haldane, L. S. Amery, Lord Robert Cecil, Lord Arthur Balfour, Michael Sadler and Lord Milner himself were among the Fabian Coefficients.
Coefficients included:
Bertrand Russell, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Leo Maxse (who advocated war with Germany already in 1902), Clinton Dawkins of the City, Carlyon Bellairs of the Navy, Pember Reeves, W. A. S. Hewins, H. J. Mackinder, Henry Newbolt, John Hugh Smith, J. Birchenough of the City, Garvin, Josiah Wedgwood, John Hugh Smith, Colonel Repington, F. S. Oliver, and C. F. G. Masterman.
David Laurence Aaron born 1938, in Chicago, is an American diplomat who served in the Jimmy Carter administration. He then joined the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency where he served as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. In 1974, on the recommendation of Zbigniew Brzezinski, Aaron became Senator Walter Mondale's legislative assistant. In 1977, Aaron was asked by Zbigniew Brzezinski to become Deputy National Security Advisor in the administration of Jimmy Carter. In Israel, Aaron worked with Moshe Dayan.
When Reagan became President in 1981, Aaron moved into the private sector, becoming Vice President for Mergers and Acquisitions at Oppenheimer and Co. and Vice Chairman of Oppenheimer International.
Aaron was involved in the election campaign of Bill Clinton.
We back again to Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel and to George II King of England:
The Grand Master of the Asiatic Brethren, and leading member of the Illuminati, was Prince Karl, the brother of Wilhelm I of Hessen-Kassel.
Both were the sons of Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel, from his wife, Mary of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain, daughter of George II King of England, and therefore cousin to Frederick II the Great of Prussia.
"Give me control of a nation's money and I care not who makes it's laws" - Mayer Amschel Bauer Rothschild.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Anschel (b. 1743 or in 1744), was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty.
Salomon Mayer - was the son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Mosche Meir, b. 1743 or 1744 in Frankfurt am Main, d. 1812 in Frankfurt am Main; Mayer Amschel Bauer, an Ashkenazi Jew, the son of Moses Amschel Bauer, a proprietor of a counting house.
In 1770, "Mayer Amschel Rothschild draws up plans for the creation of the Illuminati and entrusts ... Adam Weishaupt, ... with its organization and development...".
Mayer Amschel Rothschild marries Gutle Schnaper.
In 1773, was born Amschel Mayer Rothschild, the first of Mayer Amschel Rothschild's sons.
"...He like all his brothers who follow him, will enter the family business at the age of 12".
In 1774, [mentioned above] Salomon Mayer Rothschild was born.
It was the plan known as The Society of the Elect, and an outer circle, to be known as The Association of Helpers, and within The Society of the Elect, the real power was to be a 'Junta of Three'. The leader was Rhodes with Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner who was added to the society by Stead.
Rhodes had been planning this event for more than seventeen years (before 1872).
See: the letter of Pike to Mazzini in 1871, and Edward Brown - Breguet Company in 1870.
Stead had been introduced to the plan on 4 April 1889, and Brett had been told of it on 3 February 1890. In modified form, it exists to this day. From 1891 to 1902, it was known to only a score of persons. Sir Edward Grey was a member of the Fabian Co-Efficients, who also belonged to the inner circle of the Rhodes' Round Table groups that were under the direction of Alfred Milner; others members:
Haldane, L. S. Amery, Lord Robert Cecil, Lord Arthur Balfour, Michael Sadler and Lord Milner himself were among the Fabian Coefficients.
Coefficients included:
Bertrand Russell, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Leo Maxse (who advocated war with Germany already in 1902), Clinton Dawkins of the City, Carlyon Bellairs of the Navy, Pember Reeves, W. A. S. Hewins, H. J. Mackinder, Henry Newbolt, John Hugh Smith, J. Birchenough of the City, Garvin, Josiah Wedgwood, John Hugh Smith, Colonel Repington, F. S. Oliver, and C. F. G. Masterman.
David Laurence Aaron born 1938, in Chicago, is an American diplomat who served in the Jimmy Carter administration. He then joined the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency where he served as a member of the U.S. Delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. In 1974, on the recommendation of Zbigniew Brzezinski, Aaron became Senator Walter Mondale's legislative assistant. In 1977, Aaron was asked by Zbigniew Brzezinski to become Deputy National Security Advisor in the administration of Jimmy Carter. In Israel, Aaron worked with Moshe Dayan.
When Reagan became President in 1981, Aaron moved into the private sector, becoming Vice President for Mergers and Acquisitions at Oppenheimer and Co. and Vice Chairman of Oppenheimer International.
Aaron was involved in the election campaign of Bill Clinton.
We back again to Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel and to George II King of England:
The Grand Master of the Asiatic Brethren, and leading member of the Illuminati, was Prince Karl, the brother of Wilhelm I of Hessen-Kassel.
Both were the sons of Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel, from his wife, Mary of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain, daughter of George II King of England, and therefore cousin to Frederick II the Great of Prussia.
"Give me control of a nation's money and I care not who makes it's laws" - Mayer Amschel Bauer Rothschild.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Anschel (b. 1743 or in 1744), was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty.
Salomon Mayer - was the son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild / Mosche Meir, b. 1743 or 1744 in Frankfurt am Main, d. 1812 in Frankfurt am Main; Mayer Amschel Bauer, an Ashkenazi Jew, the son of Moses Amschel Bauer, a proprietor of a counting house.
In 1770, "Mayer Amschel Rothschild draws up plans for the creation of the Illuminati and entrusts ... Adam Weishaupt, ... with its organization and development...".
Mayer Amschel Rothschild marries Gutle Schnaper.
In 1773, was born Amschel Mayer Rothschild, the first of Mayer Amschel Rothschild's sons.
"...He like all his brothers who follow him, will enter the family business at the age of 12".
In 1774, [mentioned above] Salomon Mayer Rothschild was born.
In 1776, "Adam Weishaupt officially completes his organisation of the Illuminati on May 1 of this year. The purpose of the Illuminati is to ... fight amongst themselves; destroy national governments; destroy religious institutions... Weishaupt soon infiltrates the Continental Order of Freemasons with this Illuminati doctrine and establishes lodges of the Grand Orient to be their secret headquarters..."
"... It is Rothschild who said, 'give me control of a nation's money, and I care not who makes [writes] the laws."
"... On the other hand we have Alexander Hamilton [born in 1757 in Charlestown, Nevis, British West Indies; died in 1804 at the William Bayard's Home]; who some believe was a Rothschild agent.
Hamilton's mother [RACHEL born in 1729] was first married to Johann Michael Lavien [born ?] (a German Jewish merchant), from whom she separated in 1750; five years [or 7 years ?] before Hamilton's birth [he was born in 1757]. Because of this separation, she could not legally marry again with Hamilton's father, James A. [James Alexander Hamilton b. in 1718], therefore Hamilton was no allowed in the local Christian school. Instead, he had individual tutoring and classes in a private Jewish school. He became the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, Founding Father, economist, political philosopher, and chief of staff for George Washington. He was also the most influential members of Washington's Cabinet, and his financial expert. Hamilton was an advocated for the establishment of a federal bank to be owned by private interests, and for the creation of debt-money; for which he used false arguments to convince Washington. Eventually he convinced the President - despite the opposition of Thomas Jefferson (by then Secretary of State) - and a federal bank was created in 1791 with a 20 years charter. Although it was termed 'Bank of the United States', it was not owned by the nation (but by individual stockholders - private bankers). The name was purposely chosen to deceive the American population and to make them believe that they were the owners of the bank. The charter for the Bank ran out in 1811, and Congress voted against its renewal, thanks to the influence of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson...".
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
A close friend of George Washington,
mentioned Alexander Hamilton, and
named above Thomas Jefferson.
Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830. Lafayette returned to France, and in 1787 was appointed to the Assembly of Notables, which was convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789. He helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, with Thomas Jefferson's assistance; inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence.
"... My conclusion on the connection between the Rothschilds and the American Revolution: it did exist through Alexander Hamilton (who could only push the agenda for the first 20 years of independence), and also quite possibly through Solomon and Franklin; though it made no difference at the end. It is true that the American Freemasons shared the same ideology that emerged from Jewish intellectuals in Germany and spread throughout secret societies; but I'm having a hard time relating the founding fathers directly to the Rothschilds, with the exception of Franklin, who obviously had his hands in far too many pies to count as a confirmed agent for any side...".
Alexander Hamilton
- Hamilton has also become a favorite for conspiracy theorists who think he was a tool for the New World Order, the Illuminati, and / or the Rothschild family, because of his support for a National Bank.
"... It is Rothschild who said, 'give me control of a nation's money, and I care not who makes [writes] the laws."
"... On the other hand we have Alexander Hamilton [born in 1757 in Charlestown, Nevis, British West Indies; died in 1804 at the William Bayard's Home]; who some believe was a Rothschild agent.
Hamilton's mother [RACHEL born in 1729] was first married to Johann Michael Lavien [born ?] (a German Jewish merchant), from whom she separated in 1750; five years [or 7 years ?] before Hamilton's birth [he was born in 1757]. Because of this separation, she could not legally marry again with Hamilton's father, James A. [James Alexander Hamilton b. in 1718], therefore Hamilton was no allowed in the local Christian school. Instead, he had individual tutoring and classes in a private Jewish school. He became the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, Founding Father, economist, political philosopher, and chief of staff for George Washington. He was also the most influential members of Washington's Cabinet, and his financial expert. Hamilton was an advocated for the establishment of a federal bank to be owned by private interests, and for the creation of debt-money; for which he used false arguments to convince Washington. Eventually he convinced the President - despite the opposition of Thomas Jefferson (by then Secretary of State) - and a federal bank was created in 1791 with a 20 years charter. Although it was termed 'Bank of the United States', it was not owned by the nation (but by individual stockholders - private bankers). The name was purposely chosen to deceive the American population and to make them believe that they were the owners of the bank. The charter for the Bank ran out in 1811, and Congress voted against its renewal, thanks to the influence of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson...".
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
A close friend of George Washington,
mentioned Alexander Hamilton, and
named above Thomas Jefferson.
Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830. Lafayette returned to France, and in 1787 was appointed to the Assembly of Notables, which was convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789. He helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, with Thomas Jefferson's assistance; inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence.
"... My conclusion on the connection between the Rothschilds and the American Revolution: it did exist through Alexander Hamilton (who could only push the agenda for the first 20 years of independence), and also quite possibly through Solomon and Franklin; though it made no difference at the end. It is true that the American Freemasons shared the same ideology that emerged from Jewish intellectuals in Germany and spread throughout secret societies; but I'm having a hard time relating the founding fathers directly to the Rothschilds, with the exception of Franklin, who obviously had his hands in far too many pies to count as a confirmed agent for any side...".
Alexander Hamilton
- Hamilton has also become a favorite for conspiracy theorists who think he was a tool for the New World Order, the Illuminati, and / or the Rothschild family, because of his support for a National Bank.
Hamilton, along with Benjamin Franklin, is one of the very few non-presidents to be portrayed on American money. Alexander Hamilton married into the Rothschild family December 14, 1780.
Alexander Hamilton was born Alexander Levine, of Jewish lineage, in St. Croix, the West Indies. After changing his name ... he married Elizabeth Schuyler
[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton - her mother was Catherine Van Rensselaer Schuyler; Catherine's paternal great-grandfather was Hendrick van Rensselaer and her 2 x great-grandfather was Killian Van Rensselaer, one of the original founders of the Dutch colony, New Amsterdam. Her maternal grandparents were Robert Livingston the Younger (1663-1725) and Margarita Schuyler (b. 1682), the daughter of Pieter Schuyler (1657-1724), the first mayor of Albany]
... John Paul Mitchell insist that Hamilton married into the Rothschild family.
Here's what we actually know about Hamilton's in-laws:
the father, Philip Schuyler, was a General during the Revolutionary War, while the mother Catherine instituted a scorched earth policy to deprive the British of food.
Philip John Schuyler was a general of the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. Come from the third generation of the Dutch family in America. His daughter Elizabeth married Alexander Hamilton who was the first Secretary of the Treasury to the United States under George Washington.
Rondinone said many of the Founding Fathers were conspiracy theorists. 'George Washington had references to The Illuminati in his writings', he said. 'And Thomas Jefferson wrote that King George III was systematically trying to enslave the American colonists. The Founders' talk about conspiracy theories actually helped muster support for the American Revolution.'
He said theories have abounded throughout American history. 'In the case of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, there actually is strong evidence of a conspiracy to overthrow the government,' Rondinone said.
Now on Thomas Dunckerley:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of L100, rising to L800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother - the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
The first body of Knights Templar in Ireland was "The High Knight Templars of Ireland, Kilwinning Lodge" with Archibald, the 11th Earl of Eglinton, the Grand Master of Lodge Mother Kilwinning in 1779 in Dublin.
In 1736, the Grand Lodge of Scotland was organised and the Kilwinning lodge was one of its constituent lodges; this one acted as a grand lodge, organising lodges in Scotland and on the continent, as well as in Virginia and Ireland.
Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton b. 1726 - died in 1796, was Grand Master of the Masonic Lodge of Mother Kilwinning, from 1771 until 1796.
"Lodge Mother Kilwinning is a Masonic Lodge in Kilwinning, Scotland, under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. ... is reputed to be the oldest Lodge not only in Scotland, but the world".
Above Montgomerie was elected as one of sixteen Scottish representative peers, in 1776; was appointed Governor of Edinburgh Castle, in 1782. Montgomerie died at Eglinton Castle, a mansion in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland. Ca 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836 [in 1805 as the "Edinburgh Encampment No. 31", then became the"Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh"].
The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780.
In 1791 - the formation of TEMPLAR's first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master.
Alexander Hamilton was born Alexander Levine, of Jewish lineage, in St. Croix, the West Indies. After changing his name ... he married Elizabeth Schuyler
[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton - her mother was Catherine Van Rensselaer Schuyler; Catherine's paternal great-grandfather was Hendrick van Rensselaer and her 2 x great-grandfather was Killian Van Rensselaer, one of the original founders of the Dutch colony, New Amsterdam. Her maternal grandparents were Robert Livingston the Younger (1663-1725) and Margarita Schuyler (b. 1682), the daughter of Pieter Schuyler (1657-1724), the first mayor of Albany]
... John Paul Mitchell insist that Hamilton married into the Rothschild family.
Here's what we actually know about Hamilton's in-laws:
the father, Philip Schuyler, was a General during the Revolutionary War, while the mother Catherine instituted a scorched earth policy to deprive the British of food.
Philip John Schuyler was a general of the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. Come from the third generation of the Dutch family in America. His daughter Elizabeth married Alexander Hamilton who was the first Secretary of the Treasury to the United States under George Washington.
Rondinone said many of the Founding Fathers were conspiracy theorists. 'George Washington had references to The Illuminati in his writings', he said. 'And Thomas Jefferson wrote that King George III was systematically trying to enslave the American colonists. The Founders' talk about conspiracy theories actually helped muster support for the American Revolution.'
He said theories have abounded throughout American history. 'In the case of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, there actually is strong evidence of a conspiracy to overthrow the government,' Rondinone said.
Now on Thomas Dunckerley:
Thomas Dunckerley (1724 - 1795) was a Provincial Grand Master of several provinces, this was made possible by an annuity of L100, rising to L800, which he obtained in 1767 from King George III by claiming to be his illegitimate half brother - the Prince of Wales, later King George II, was Thomas' natural father.
At this time, in 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance [with the superior, Prince Charles Edward Stuart], which came from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris.
The first body of Knights Templar in Ireland was "The High Knight Templars of Ireland, Kilwinning Lodge" with Archibald, the 11th Earl of Eglinton, the Grand Master of Lodge Mother Kilwinning in 1779 in Dublin.
In 1736, the Grand Lodge of Scotland was organised and the Kilwinning lodge was one of its constituent lodges; this one acted as a grand lodge, organising lodges in Scotland and on the continent, as well as in Virginia and Ireland.
Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton b. 1726 - died in 1796, was Grand Master of the Masonic Lodge of Mother Kilwinning, from 1771 until 1796.
"Lodge Mother Kilwinning is a Masonic Lodge in Kilwinning, Scotland, under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. ... is reputed to be the oldest Lodge not only in Scotland, but the world".
Above Montgomerie was elected as one of sixteen Scottish representative peers, in 1776; was appointed Governor of Edinburgh Castle, in 1782. Montgomerie died at Eglinton Castle, a mansion in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland. Ca 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836 [in 1805 as the "Edinburgh Encampment No. 31", then became the"Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh"].
The Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780.
In 1791 - the formation of TEMPLAR's first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master.
In 1805 their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus], became TEMPLAR Grand Master himself.
The modern revival of Templarism in Scotland starts with Alexander Deuchar, of the Grand Assembly of the High Knights Templar in Edinburgh; in 1811 with a Charter from the Templar Grand Master in England, the Duke of Kent, Alexander Deuchar established the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St. John of Jerusalem [see Wankowicz and Swolna].
In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - named Prince Edward [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus] became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria!
Baron von Estorff advised the Landgrave that Mayer Amschel showed an exceptional ability to increase wealth through his investments. Mayer Amschel arranged to hire 16800 Hessian soldiers to assist the nephew of Federick's wife, King George III of England, in suppressing the American Rebellion. When Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785, Rothschild obtained total influence over his successor, Karl's brother Elector Wilhelm IX, who he managed to make one of the wealthiest monarchs of his time.
In 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the Hessen-Kassel court:
[but Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785]
for Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel
(Prince WILHELM IX / William IX was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to George III, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden).
Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.
Wilhelm X Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim married Louise Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (born of Denmark-Oldenburg). They had a son
Friedrich Wilhem II von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim born 1820.
Friedrich married Alexandra Nicholaievna von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (born of Russia-Holstein-Gottorp- Romanov).
Alexandra was born on June 12, 1825.
Mentioned above
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (1825 - 1844) was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia. She was a younger sister of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.
Above
Alexandra Feodorovna, born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1798 - 1860), was Empress consort of Russia. She was the wife of Emperor Nicholas I, and mother of Emperor Alexander II.
Charlotte was born the eldest surviving daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia, and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
In 1814, her marriage was arranged for political reason with Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia, the future Tsar Nicholas I.
Mentioned
Frederick William III / Friedrich Wilhelm III (1770 - 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. His parents:
Frederick William II of Prussia + Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Above named
Frederick William II / Friedrich Wilhelm II, b. 1744, was King of Prussia from 1786. His father Prince Augustus William of Prussia, August Wilhelm, b. 1722, was Prince of Prussia and
a younger brother of Frederick II.
Augustus was the second surviving son of Frederick William I and Sophia Dorothea.
Above
Frederick II / Friedrich; b. 1712, was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.
The modern revival of Templarism in Scotland starts with Alexander Deuchar, of the Grand Assembly of the High Knights Templar in Edinburgh; in 1811 with a Charter from the Templar Grand Master in England, the Duke of Kent, Alexander Deuchar established the Grand Conclave of Knights of the Holy Temple and Sepulchre, and of St. John of Jerusalem [see Wankowicz and Swolna].
In 1813 Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, became Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, and in December 1813 - named Prince Edward [Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus] became Grand Master of the Antient Grand Lodge of England.
Mentioned above the Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn / Edward Augustus, b. 1767, died in 1820, was the fifth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and the father of Queen Victoria!
Baron von Estorff advised the Landgrave that Mayer Amschel showed an exceptional ability to increase wealth through his investments. Mayer Amschel arranged to hire 16800 Hessian soldiers to assist the nephew of Federick's wife, King George III of England, in suppressing the American Rebellion. When Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785, Rothschild obtained total influence over his successor, Karl's brother Elector Wilhelm IX, who he managed to make one of the wealthiest monarchs of his time.
In 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild had become an agent for the Hessen-Kassel court:
[but Frederick II of Hessen-Kassel died in 1785]
for Prince William IX of Hesse - Kassel
(Prince WILHELM IX / William IX was the grandson of George II, and also a cousin to George III, who was a nephew to the King of Denmark and also a brother in law to the King of Sweden).
Prince William handed his wealth to be managed by the Rothschilds.
Wilhelm X Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim married Louise Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (born of Denmark-Oldenburg). They had a son
Friedrich Wilhem II von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim born 1820.
Friedrich married Alexandra Nicholaievna von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (born of Russia-Holstein-Gottorp- Romanov).
Alexandra was born on June 12, 1825.
Mentioned above
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (1825 - 1844) was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia. She was a younger sister of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.
Above
Alexandra Feodorovna, born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1798 - 1860), was Empress consort of Russia. She was the wife of Emperor Nicholas I, and mother of Emperor Alexander II.
Charlotte was born the eldest surviving daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia, and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
In 1814, her marriage was arranged for political reason with Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia, the future Tsar Nicholas I.
Mentioned
Frederick William III / Friedrich Wilhelm III (1770 - 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. His parents:
Frederick William II of Prussia + Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Above named
Frederick William II / Friedrich Wilhelm II, b. 1744, was King of Prussia from 1786. His father Prince Augustus William of Prussia, August Wilhelm, b. 1722, was Prince of Prussia and
a younger brother of Frederick II.
Augustus was the second surviving son of Frederick William I and Sophia Dorothea.
Above
Frederick II / Friedrich; b. 1712, was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.
We back to
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia b. 1825, the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia.
Mentioned
Nicholas I b. 1796, was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855. He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. His parents:
Paul I of Russia + Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg / Maria Feodorovna, Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg; b. 1759, the second wife of Tsar Paul I.
Her father Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg b. 1732, Stuttgart; the son of Duke Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis.
Parents of named PAWEL I:
Peter III + Catherine II.
Named
Wilhelm X Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim that is Prince William of Hesse-Kassel, b. 1787, the first son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen.
Above
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel b. 1747, a Danish general.
He was born as the youngest son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel / Landgrave Frederick II, and Princess Mary of Great Britain, he was the last surviving grandchild of George II of Great Britain, dying one month before Queen Victoria (granddaughter of his first cousin King George III) ascended to the throne.
Mentioned
Frederick II / Landgraf Friedrich II von Hessen-Kassel, b. 1720, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) from 1760 to 1785.
He raised money by renting soldiers to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War, he combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values.
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, the Prince of Brunswick-Lünebourg and the TEMPLARS:
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL,
the General of Prussia, 1758 - 1766 Field Marshal,
Freemason (1777), Grand Master of the Strict Observance [Templar] (1777).
"...The system of the Strict Observance grew out of what is known as Templarism. Templar Masonry commenced to grow up in France soon after true Freemasonry was introduced. This was about 1725. However, no Grand Lodge was established till 1752. The Strict Observance as a separate system was formed Germany and dates from about 1748. It was produced by a process of evolution ..."
- by Burton E. Bennett.
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, the Prince of Brunswick-Lünebourg was the member of the Knight of the Garter {Illuminati} (1783)
- the Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati. The Pilgrim Society and the Order of the Garter (or "Knights of the Garter") are the controlling inner-parts of the Military Order of Malta ("Knights of Malta"). The word "Garter" can be seen as another term for "secret".
Daniel Lazar wrote:
One reference stated, "The Society of the Cincinnati" in 1783, it is likely that no Englishman feels a greater sense of pride in being a Knight of the Garter, or Scotsman, a Knight of the Thistle, than an American feels in being a member of The Society of the Cincinnati.
The Order of the Garter is the secret inner group which is an elite group within the Order of St. John of Jerusalem which is the British part of the Knights of Malta. The Knights of the Garter are the leaders of the Committee of 300.
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, the Prince of Brunswick-Lünebourg, born in 1721, died in 1792.
His children:
Karl I VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, Duke;
Elisabeth Christine VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, 1715-1797, married to Friedrich II Der Große / Frederick the Great, of Prussia, King, 1712-1786;
Juliane VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, 1729-1796, married to Frederik V the DANMARK, the King, 1723-1766
COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ
January the 30th, 2015
Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia b. 1825, the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia.
Mentioned
Nicholas I b. 1796, was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855. He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. His parents:
Paul I of Russia + Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg / Maria Feodorovna, Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg; b. 1759, the second wife of Tsar Paul I.
Her father Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg b. 1732, Stuttgart; the son of Duke Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis.
Parents of named PAWEL I:
Peter III + Catherine II.
Named
Wilhelm X Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim that is Prince William of Hesse-Kassel, b. 1787, the first son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen.
Above
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel b. 1747, a Danish general.
He was born as the youngest son of Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel / Landgrave Frederick II, and Princess Mary of Great Britain, he was the last surviving grandchild of George II of Great Britain, dying one month before Queen Victoria (granddaughter of his first cousin King George III) ascended to the throne.
Mentioned
Frederick II / Landgraf Friedrich II von Hessen-Kassel, b. 1720, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) from 1760 to 1785.
He raised money by renting soldiers to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War, he combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values.
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, the Prince of Brunswick-Lünebourg and the TEMPLARS:
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL,
the General of Prussia, 1758 - 1766 Field Marshal,
Freemason (1777), Grand Master of the Strict Observance [Templar] (1777).
"...The system of the Strict Observance grew out of what is known as Templarism. Templar Masonry commenced to grow up in France soon after true Freemasonry was introduced. This was about 1725. However, no Grand Lodge was established till 1752. The Strict Observance as a separate system was formed Germany and dates from about 1748. It was produced by a process of evolution ..."
- by Burton E. Bennett.
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, the Prince of Brunswick-Lünebourg was the member of the Knight of the Garter {Illuminati} (1783)
- the Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati. The Pilgrim Society and the Order of the Garter (or "Knights of the Garter") are the controlling inner-parts of the Military Order of Malta ("Knights of Malta"). The word "Garter" can be seen as another term for "secret".
Daniel Lazar wrote:
One reference stated, "The Society of the Cincinnati" in 1783, it is likely that no Englishman feels a greater sense of pride in being a Knight of the Garter, or Scotsman, a Knight of the Thistle, than an American feels in being a member of The Society of the Cincinnati.
The Order of the Garter is the secret inner group which is an elite group within the Order of St. John of Jerusalem which is the British part of the Knights of Malta. The Knights of the Garter are the leaders of the Committee of 300.
Ferdinand VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, the Prince of Brunswick-Lünebourg, born in 1721, died in 1792.
His children:
Karl I VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, Duke;
Elisabeth Christine VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, 1715-1797, married to Friedrich II Der Große / Frederick the Great, of Prussia, King, 1712-1786;
Juliane VON BRAUNSCHWEIG-WOLFENBÜTTEL, 1729-1796, married to Frederik V the DANMARK, the King, 1723-1766
COPYRIGHT BY BOGDAN KONSTANTYNOWICZ
January the 30th, 2015
This all paper is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, any public performances, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Warning: this paper / all website is sold for private home use only.
© All rights reserved. No part of all this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying, recording, downloading, uploading, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner - © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz.
Berezyna and Lubuszany - the estate of Poniatowski-Tyszkiewicz-Potocki branch - the Knights Templar of the FREEMASONRY.
Miezonka-Swolna-Moscow-St Petersburg and the family history of Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantynowicz.
Education and information - Bogdan Konstantynowicz. Wywiad brytyjski, niemiecki i rosyjski, a niepodleglosc Polski w 1918.
Lista teorii konspiracyjnych - najwieksze teorie konspiracyjne w historii.
Teorie konspiracyjne, historia i genealogia rodu Konstantynowicz z Bialorusi.
Masoneria. Rosyjski wywiad wojskowy. Kluczowe zagadnienia.
Wstep i glowne uwagi o historii rodu Konstantynowicz na Bialorusi i w Rosji 1772 - 1917.
My research concerns many state intelligence networks created in the first half of the 18th century.
Initially it was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British [1791], French [from the 40s of the 18th century] and Germans [1769/1776], and by the Polish independence conspiracy [was established 1792/1799] starting from a years 1870/1878.
Compare three dates:
1.
6 km to the south of the BRZEZIE was the palace in Wieniec founded in the early nineteenth century by the family of Miaczynski; in 1868 the property bought a Warsaw banker of Jewish origin and a great Polish patriot - Leopold Kronenberg.
2.
1870, Brown of London - takes over the Breguet company [below];
3.
and the letter of 1871 from Albert Pike to Mazzini.
Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century), in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London, who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax), d'Arlincourt (transmitter); Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
In 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878.
L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27. On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich [Apollon Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz] in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap. 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department. 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA.
© All rights reserved. No part of all this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying, recording, downloading, uploading, taping, or storage in an information retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner - © author Bogdan Konstantynowicz.
Berezyna and Lubuszany - the estate of Poniatowski-Tyszkiewicz-Potocki branch - the Knights Templar of the FREEMASONRY.
Miezonka-Swolna-Moscow-St Petersburg and the family history of Paszkowski-Armand-Konstantynowicz.
Education and information - Bogdan Konstantynowicz. Wywiad brytyjski, niemiecki i rosyjski, a niepodleglosc Polski w 1918.
Lista teorii konspiracyjnych - najwieksze teorie konspiracyjne w historii.
Teorie konspiracyjne, historia i genealogia rodu Konstantynowicz z Bialorusi.
Masoneria. Rosyjski wywiad wojskowy. Kluczowe zagadnienia.
Wstep i glowne uwagi o historii rodu Konstantynowicz na Bialorusi i w Rosji 1772 - 1917.
My research concerns many state intelligence networks created in the first half of the 18th century.
Initially it was a global political network of the Russian intelligence infiltrated by the British [1791], French [from the 40s of the 18th century] and Germans [1769/1776], and by the Polish independence conspiracy [was established 1792/1799] starting from a years 1870/1878.
Compare three dates:
1.
6 km to the south of the BRZEZIE was the palace in Wieniec founded in the early nineteenth century by the family of Miaczynski; in 1868 the property bought a Warsaw banker of Jewish origin and a great Polish patriot - Leopold Kronenberg.
2.
1870, Brown of London - takes over the Breguet company [below];
3.
and the letter of 1871 from Albert Pike to Mazzini.
Breguet cooperated also with Chambrier, V. Foy, the French government (dial telegraph in 1845), the Telegraph Company in 1863 (electric telegraph - Breguet System, late 19th century), in Britain in the 1860s and 1870s with Wood, Edward George b. in Clerkenwell, Islington, January 1812, d. 1896 from Cheapside, City of London, who was friend of Thomas Cooper, the Chartist (galvanic telegraph, Crossley's Telegraph in Halifax), d'Arlincourt (transmitter); Breguet patented a Telegraph Communicator - Breguet Alphabetical Type, circa 1870; manufactured the telephone transmitter (Boudet, Laborde, Breguet, Ader, Du Moncel, and others) and telephone receivers (Bell, Breguet, and others).
In 1877 telephones appears in Russia but in the Russian army experiments on telephone made in 1878.
L. Dyuflon and Dizeren in St. Petersburg established the Electrotechnical workshop on 1892, June 27. On 1896, December 14, L. Dyuflon, J. Dizeren and A. V. Konstantinovich [Apollon Konstantynowicz son of Wasyl Konstantynowicz] in St. Petersburg established The Factory of electromechanical structures when Tesla received a British patent on the design of the spark gap - rotating strap. 1898, K. F. Siemens, W. Siemens, A. V. Gvineria and A. Y. Rothstein in St. Petersburg established the Russian joint stock company of electrical plants 'Siemens and Halske'. 1899 were starting experiments on radio in Russian War Department. 1902 (1901), the Plant of electromechanical structures reorganized into a joint stock company 'Dyuflon, Konstantynowicz & Co', DECA.
Albert Pike [Albert Pike b. 1809, died 1891, was an attorney, soldier, writer, and Freemason, elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite's Southern Jurisdiction in 1859, of thirty-two years] described in a letter wrote to Mazzini [Giuseppe Mazzini, 1805 - 1872, an Italian politician, journalist; "William R. Denslow lists Mazzini as a Mason, and even a Past Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy"], dated August 15, 1871, plans for three world wars necessary to bring the One World Order, and it is a "commonly believed fallacy that for a short time, the Pike letter to Mazzini was on display in the British Museum Library in London, and it was copied by William Guy Carr...".
It was the plan known as The Society of the Elect, and an outer circle, to be known as The Association of Helpers, and within The Society of the Elect, the real power was to be a 'Junta of Three'. The leader was Rhodes with Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner who was added to the society by Stead.
Rhodes had been planning this event for more than seventeen years (before 1872).
See: the letter of Pike to Mazzini in 1871, and Edward Brown - Breguet Company in 1870.
Stead had been introduced to the plan on 4 April 1889, and Brett had been told of it on 3 February 1890. In modified form, it exists to this day.
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and Polish officers:
Army commandant:
Nikolaj Nikolajevic senior, Romanov; that is Mikolaj Mikolajewicz Romanow, b. 1831, d. 1891; Grand Duke, General Adjutant - 1856, General Field Marshal - 1878. Third son of Tsar Nicholas I and Tsarina Aleksandra Fedorovna, born as Charlotte / Charlotta Princess of Prussia. His older brothers were Tsar Alexander II and Grand Duke of Russia, Konstanty Mikolajewicz.
"... The Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati hierarchy ...
[Queen Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria b. 1819 was daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent
(son of George III {his father Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha} + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1744 - 1818 {her father Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow, and mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen})
and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1786 - 1861
(1803 at Coburg, she married 1st to Charles, Prince of Leiningen; 2nd to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent {the TEMPLARS} and Strathearn, in 1818 at Amorbach. Victoria's father was Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and mother Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf daughter of Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg)]
... [mentioned above] Charlotte was the grandmother of Queen Victoria {Maltese Orders}, and whose son married the daughter of Frederick III of Hessen-Kassell {Frederick III of Hessen-Kassel / Friedrich III von Hessen- Kassel, born in 1747, the father of Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel b. 1797 married Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the son, of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg- Strelitz}.
Charlotte's brother was Charles II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whose daughter married the heir of the Prussian crown, Frederick William III.
Frederick II of Prussia was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, who married Louise of Brunswick- Wolfenbuettel.
She was the sister of Frederick Duke of Brunswick, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.
Of Frederick William III and Louise' four children, three married the brothers and sisters of Csar Alexander I. Frederick William III's daughter, Charlotte of Prussia, married Paul's son, Czar Nicholas I, who succeeded Alexander I, and who also belonged to the Order of the Garter.
Frederick's son Wilhelm I married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, the daughter of Nicholas' sister Maria Romanov.
It was the plan known as The Society of the Elect, and an outer circle, to be known as The Association of Helpers, and within The Society of the Elect, the real power was to be a 'Junta of Three'. The leader was Rhodes with Stead, Brett, and Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner who was added to the society by Stead.
Rhodes had been planning this event for more than seventeen years (before 1872).
See: the letter of Pike to Mazzini in 1871, and Edward Brown - Breguet Company in 1870.
Stead had been introduced to the plan on 4 April 1889, and Brett had been told of it on 3 February 1890. In modified form, it exists to this day.
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and Polish officers:
Army commandant:
Nikolaj Nikolajevic senior, Romanov; that is Mikolaj Mikolajewicz Romanow, b. 1831, d. 1891; Grand Duke, General Adjutant - 1856, General Field Marshal - 1878. Third son of Tsar Nicholas I and Tsarina Aleksandra Fedorovna, born as Charlotte / Charlotta Princess of Prussia. His older brothers were Tsar Alexander II and Grand Duke of Russia, Konstanty Mikolajewicz.
"... The Knights of the Order of the Garter are the leaders of the Illuminati hierarchy ...
[Queen Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria b. 1819 was daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent
(son of George III {his father Frederick, Prince of Wales and mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha} + Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1744 - 1818 {her father Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow, and mother Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen})
and Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1786 - 1861
(1803 at Coburg, she married 1st to Charles, Prince of Leiningen; 2nd to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent {the TEMPLARS} and Strathearn, in 1818 at Amorbach. Victoria's father was Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and mother Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf daughter of Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg)]
... [mentioned above] Charlotte was the grandmother of Queen Victoria {Maltese Orders}, and whose son married the daughter of Frederick III of Hessen-Kassell {Frederick III of Hessen-Kassel / Friedrich III von Hessen- Kassel, born in 1747, the father of Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel b. 1797 married Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the son, of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg- Strelitz}.
Charlotte's brother was Charles II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whose daughter married the heir of the Prussian crown, Frederick William III.
Frederick II of Prussia was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II, who married Louise of Brunswick- Wolfenbuettel.
She was the sister of Frederick Duke of Brunswick, the Grand Master of the Strict Templar Observance, and who had convened the great Masonic convention at Wilhelmsbad in Hessen-Kassel.
Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia was the father of Frederick William III, who became a member of the Order of the Garter.
Of Frederick William III and Louise' four children, three married the brothers and sisters of Csar Alexander I. Frederick William III's daughter, Charlotte of Prussia, married Paul's son, Czar Nicholas I, who succeeded Alexander I, and who also belonged to the Order of the Garter.
Frederick's son Wilhelm I married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, the daughter of Nicholas' sister Maria Romanov.
A third child of Frederick, Friedrich Karl Alexander of Prussia, married Maria's Romanov other daughter, Marie Luisa Alexandrina von Saxe-Weimar.
The son of Csar Nicholas, Constantine Nicholaievitch Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia, fathered Olga Constantinovna Romanov, who married George I King of Greece. George was a member of the Order of the Garter, as was his father, Christian IX of Denmark. ...".
Mikolaj Mikolajewicz married his cousin Aleksandra Oldenburg
[see Oldenburg in St Petersburg and the Duflon & Konstantynowicz Company. She was the daughter of Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich Oldenburg (1812-1881).
Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1812-1881, m. Therese Wilhelmine Friederike Isabella Charlotte von Nassau, 1815-1871, with children:
1. Alexandra Friederike Wilhelmine von Oldenburg, m. Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch of Russia, 1831-1891
[Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia / Nicholas Nicolaievich the Elder, 1831 - 1891, was the third son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. Field Marshal and the commander of the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878]
with son: Peter Nikolajewitsch, 1864-1931;
2. Alexander Friedrich Konstantin von Oldenburg, 1844-1932, with son Peter Friedrich Georg von Oldenburg, 1868- 1924;
3.
Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1850-1906 m. in 1882, Agrippina Djaparidse / Agrippina JAPARIDZE, 1855-1926,
with daughter Alexandra von Oldenburg, Gräfin von Zarnekau, 1883-1957.
The JAPARIDZES - see Armand - PASZKOWSKI - DEMONSI home in Moscow and Konstantynowicz line of Moscow- Swolna-Miezonka-Lida.
Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich von Holstein-Gottorp of Oldenburg was the grandfather of Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg as well as grandfather of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.
Above
Konstantin Friedrich Peter Oldenburg or Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg began a flirtation with Agrippina; Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel 'Daniel' Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command; Dadiani were a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty;
Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife but Agrippina in 1882 divorced Dadiani. 1882, Constantine entered into a morganatic marriage with Agrippina Japaridze; by the early 1890s, they were doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe).
See the Armands and Konstantynowiczs in Moscow and Alexandrovsk.
Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani.
His father:
Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani.
And his grandfather:
Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764 - Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia.
Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze.
Eugene's ARMAND of Moscow brother - Emil E. ARMAND was married to Zofia Hacker / Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke) from Estonia.
They had six children:
LEW ARMAND / Leo (1880 - 1942) + Japaridze-Saparov [Saparova Tamara Arkadevna - Japaridze married 2nd to Leo Emilievich ARMAND.
Saparov Arkady (1854 - before 1921), was married to Varvara Maypariani with the daughter
Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV married 1st to Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and
TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE was 2nd married to Lev ARMAND / Lion Emilievich Armand (Inessa Armand relatives).
The son of Csar Nicholas, Constantine Nicholaievitch Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia, fathered Olga Constantinovna Romanov, who married George I King of Greece. George was a member of the Order of the Garter, as was his father, Christian IX of Denmark. ...".
Mikolaj Mikolajewicz married his cousin Aleksandra Oldenburg
[see Oldenburg in St Petersburg and the Duflon & Konstantynowicz Company. She was the daughter of Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich Oldenburg (1812-1881).
Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1812-1881, m. Therese Wilhelmine Friederike Isabella Charlotte von Nassau, 1815-1871, with children:
1. Alexandra Friederike Wilhelmine von Oldenburg, m. Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch of Russia, 1831-1891
[Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia / Nicholas Nicolaievich the Elder, 1831 - 1891, was the third son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. Field Marshal and the commander of the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878]
with son: Peter Nikolajewitsch, 1864-1931;
2. Alexander Friedrich Konstantin von Oldenburg, 1844-1932, with son Peter Friedrich Georg von Oldenburg, 1868- 1924;
3.
Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg, 1850-1906 m. in 1882, Agrippina Djaparidse / Agrippina JAPARIDZE, 1855-1926,
with daughter Alexandra von Oldenburg, Gräfin von Zarnekau, 1883-1957.
The JAPARIDZES - see Armand - PASZKOWSKI - DEMONSI home in Moscow and Konstantynowicz line of Moscow- Swolna-Miezonka-Lida.
Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich von Holstein-Gottorp of Oldenburg was the grandfather of Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg as well as grandfather of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I.
Above
Konstantin Friedrich Peter Oldenburg or Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg began a flirtation with Agrippina; Agrippina's husband, Prince Tariel 'Daniel' Dadiani, was one of the officers under Duke Constantine's command; Dadiani were a branch of the Bagrationi Dynasty;
Agrippina was Tariel Dadiani's second wife but Agrippina in 1882 divorced Dadiani. 1882, Constantine entered into a morganatic marriage with Agrippina Japaridze; by the early 1890s, they were doing business in Odessa and Alexandrovsk (Zaporozhe).
See the Armands and Konstantynowiczs in Moscow and Alexandrovsk.
Prince Tarieli Taia Aleksandri Dadiani, b. 1842, m. first to Princess Sopio Dadiani b. 1838 daughter of Prince Levanti Shervashidze of the Guria. On June 28, 1882, Agrippina divorced Dadiani.
His father:
Prince Aleksandri Manuchari Dadiani.
And his grandfather:
Major-General H. E. Prince Nichola Giorgi Dadiani / Nikolai Georgievitch Dadianov / Bolshoi Niko, Lord of Kurdzu, b. 1764 - Duke of Mingrelia, fourth son of Katsia II Dadiani, Duke of Mingrelia.
Prince Aleksandri Kviti Niko Dadiani, b. 1864, m. Princess Nino Dadiani (b. 1868), younger daughter of Prince Tarieli Taia Dadiani, by his second wife, Princess Agrafina Countess von Zarnekau, daughter of Prince Konstantini Japaridze.
Eugene's ARMAND of Moscow brother - Emil E. ARMAND was married to Zofia Hacker / Sophia nee Osipovna Hecke (Hakker, Hacker, Hekke) from Estonia.
They had six children:
LEW ARMAND / Leo (1880 - 1942) + Japaridze-Saparov [Saparova Tamara Arkadevna - Japaridze married 2nd to Leo Emilievich ARMAND.
Saparov Arkady (1854 - before 1921), was married to Varvara Maypariani with the daughter
Tamara Arkadevna SAPAROV married 1st to Ivan Konstantinovich Japaridze, and
TAMARA SAPAROV - JAPARIDZE was 2nd married to Lev ARMAND / Lion Emilievich Armand (Inessa Armand relatives).
Ivan Iaparidze was the son of Constantine Japaridze / Constantin Japaridze (Ivan b. ca 1860; his father Konstantyn died in 1860 !) from the upper Racha region of Georgia. Ivan Japaridze b. ca 1860, had sister Agrippina, Countess von Zarnekau, b. 1855, nee Agrippina Constantines Japaridze, and Ivan Japaridze's parents were Constantine and Melania Japaridze; named father Constantine died 1860].
His {Mikolaj Mikolajewicz} brother was Michal Mikolajewicz Romanow b. 1832, d. December 1909; Grand Duke of Russia, field marshal, chairman of the Council of State (1881-1905). In 1862-1882 he was the general-governor of the Caucasus. He worked in Tbilisi.
Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France.
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia [Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company], on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) was the Freemason, and he called himself Philalethes.
Receiving education at home in Georgia, often went for long voyages: 1886 - 1889 made a voyage round the world on the corvette 'Rynda' and in 1890 - 91, at his own yacht 'Tamara' traveled to India, described in his journals.
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832, the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I, died in Cannes on 18 December 1909; the funeral was in Russia; Field Marshal.
Mentioned
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska [see Trubecki, Konstantynowicz, Oginski and Wola Pszczolecka] but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Oginski by name and Romanov by gene.
I am presenting here several Poles fighting in the Russian army during the war 1877-78:
Artur Niepokojczycki / Niepokójczycki (1813-1881)
- Russian general. Pole. After graduating for some time he served in the General Staff.
NIEPOKÓJCZYCKI Artur, born in 1813 in the Niepokójczyce estate close to ZABINKA, died in Petersburg.
Arthur Adamovich Nepokojchitsky wasn't born in Slutsk.
His father ADAM NIEPOKÓJCZYCKI / Niepokojczycki was the district leader of the nobility - the Sluck marshal of nobility.
Arthur Adamovich Nepokojchitsky was born when the war with Napoleon rattled. Originated from the old German clan von-Upru, who moved to Poland.
The Niepokojczyce chapel of the Helvetic congregation was operated under the auspices of the family Rayski
[Evangelische Kirche Helvetischen Bekenntnisses / Evangelische Kirche, is the Calvinist church of the reformed trend; Calvinism is the dominant confession in Scotland and in the many cantons of Switzerland].
Niepokojczyce, is situated near Jamna / Jamno / Yamno [east district in BRZESC], the Kobryn county, Polesie; rural commune of Zbirohi / ZBIROGI [18 km north-east to the center of BRZESC] by the Muchawiec river.
Compare:
Rasna
- in the second half of the nineteenth century, it was bought by Calvinist Count Jan Grabowski. Already from the beginning of the nineteenth century, a small Calvinist church in the village stood where the mausoleum of the Grabowski family was located. The branch of this parish was Niepokojczyce under the patronage of the Rayskis.
Here in 1765 Tadeusz Matuszewicz was born - Polish politician, Minister of the Treasury of the Kingdom of Poland and Minister of Treasury of the Warsaw Duchy
His {Mikolaj Mikolajewicz} brother was Michal Mikolajewicz Romanow b. 1832, d. December 1909; Grand Duke of Russia, field marshal, chairman of the Council of State (1881-1905). In 1862-1882 he was the general-governor of the Caucasus. He worked in Tbilisi.
Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had son Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - Sandro / Sasho who was a key figure in the development of the Russian air force; Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), b. 01 April 1866 in Tbilisi died 1933, Nice, France.
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro): Chief of the Commercial navigation and ports (1902-1905), during the First World war was in charge of the aviation in the army: paid much attention to the development of aviation industry in Russia [Duflon and Konstantynowicz Company], on his initiative, established flight schools, began preparing the first national flight training and 1914 appointed head of the organization of aviation business in the armies.
Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro) was the Freemason, and he called himself Philalethes.
Receiving education at home in Georgia, often went for long voyages: 1886 - 1889 made a voyage round the world on the corvette 'Rynda' and in 1890 - 91, at his own yacht 'Tamara' traveled to India, described in his journals.
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich b. 1832, the fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I, died in Cannes on 18 December 1909; the funeral was in Russia; Field Marshal.
Mentioned
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia was partner of Countess Olga Kalinowska [see Trubecki, Konstantynowicz, Oginski and Wola Pszczolecka] but she happened to be the mistress of Tsarevitch Alexander, the son of Tsar Nicholas I. Olga was pregnant by either the Tsarevitch or his father Nicholas I. On 10 October 1848 or in 1849 Olga gave birth to Prince Bogdan or Michael-Bogdan - Oginski by name and Romanov by gene.
I am presenting here several Poles fighting in the Russian army during the war 1877-78:
Artur Niepokojczycki / Niepokójczycki (1813-1881)
- Russian general. Pole. After graduating for some time he served in the General Staff.
NIEPOKÓJCZYCKI Artur, born in 1813 in the Niepokójczyce estate close to ZABINKA, died in Petersburg.
Arthur Adamovich Nepokojchitsky wasn't born in Slutsk.
His father ADAM NIEPOKÓJCZYCKI / Niepokojczycki was the district leader of the nobility - the Sluck marshal of nobility.
Arthur Adamovich Nepokojchitsky was born when the war with Napoleon rattled. Originated from the old German clan von-Upru, who moved to Poland.
The Niepokojczyce chapel of the Helvetic congregation was operated under the auspices of the family Rayski
[Evangelische Kirche Helvetischen Bekenntnisses / Evangelische Kirche, is the Calvinist church of the reformed trend; Calvinism is the dominant confession in Scotland and in the many cantons of Switzerland].
Niepokojczyce, is situated near Jamna / Jamno / Yamno [east district in BRZESC], the Kobryn county, Polesie; rural commune of Zbirohi / ZBIROGI [18 km north-east to the center of BRZESC] by the Muchawiec river.
Compare:
Rasna
- in the second half of the nineteenth century, it was bought by Calvinist Count Jan Grabowski. Already from the beginning of the nineteenth century, a small Calvinist church in the village stood where the mausoleum of the Grabowski family was located. The branch of this parish was Niepokojczyce under the patronage of the Rayskis.
Here in 1765 Tadeusz Matuszewicz was born - Polish politician, Minister of the Treasury of the Kingdom of Poland and Minister of Treasury of the Warsaw Duchy
{Tadeusz Wiktoryn Matuszewicz - born 1765 in Rasnia, died 1819 in Bologna, Polish speaker, publicist, translator, poet and theater critic. Minister of the Treasury of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815-1817, member of the Provisional Government of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815. A member of the Central Military Government of the Galicia in 1809, a Freemason. He was the son of Marcin Matuszewicz, of Brest, and Anna Niemirowicz-Szczytt, daughter of Józef, and Petronella Wolodkowicz}.
Niepokojczyce - in the Kobryn county.
Grabanów close to Biala Podlaska;
in 1818, Grabanów is already the court property of Adam Niepokojczycki, the father of GENERAL ARTUR Niepokojczycki.
He had wooden residential building made of oak tree.
1822, Grabanow farm was bought from the Radziwills by Poplawski. Shortly thereafter, these estate passed on to the property of the Grabowski family.
Kozula's mill in the Grabanów farm in 1781, belonged to the Radziwills, who had a hunting lodge here - near BIALA PODLASKA.
GENERAL ARTUR Niepokojczycki in 1841, was sent to the Caucasus under General Grabbe.
Artur A. Nepokojchitsky owned the estate Ostashevo. Until 1861 it was called Aleksandrovskoe-Ostashevo on the left bank of the Ruza Reservoir, 21 km from the Volokolamsk suburb near Moscow.
The Polish origin had the actual commander-in-chief of the 1877/1878 Army, the Chief of Staff, General Artur Niepokojczycki and his deputy, General Karol Lewicki, and two leaders of the Bulgarian uprising, dictator and commander-in-chief - Stanislaw StClair, and major Ludwik Wojtkiewicz.
Artur A. Nepokojchitsky was next of kin to the KRUPSKI family.
Krupski Bonifacy, the son of Urban Krupski and Katarzyna Antoniewicz, was born in 1822 in Ihnatow in the MINSK county in Belarus; he studied in SLUCK; then Bonifacy lived in the BOBRUJSK county in the Wittgenstein estate [see SZUMSKI]. 1856, his father Urban bought from Korsak the Mieciawicze estate in the Sluck county, and in 1861 from Ratyski bought Nowosióki in the IHUMEN county. Bonifacy Krupski in 1861 was married Stefanja widow, born ca 1830, the daughter of Florjan SWIDA, and Konstancja Niepokojczycki Swida, b. ca 1805.
{Erazm Swida-Polny, b. 1882 - Mieciawicze, d. 1928 - Malecz; a brother of his father was Wladyslaw Swida-Polny b. 1842, d. 1924 - Siechniewicze near Pruzany. Wladyslaw Swida was the son of Florian Jakub Swida-Polny and named Konstancja Niepokojczycka born ca 1805. Wladyslaw Swida-Polny 1842-1924 m. Jadwiga Rewkowska, 1850-1922}.
In Nowosiólki was a folk school, under Ligenza from Kiev.
B. Krupski fought in 1863 in the Ihumen county.
Niepokojczycki had the WAGA coat of arms - together with Abramowicz, Korzeniowski, Pociej.
Brief note:
1. Sniadecki knew Benedykt Niepokójczycki well.
2.
SOSNOWICA:
close to PIESZOWOLA, Wytyczno, LIBISZOW, and Parczew.
In the first half of the 19th century, the lands near Sosnowica belonged to the large landowners and the clergy. In 1822, it belonged to Józef Sosnowski. They come from Kruszewo near Choroszcz, west to Bialystok
[Wlodzimierz Karol Józef Sosnowski, 1822-1888, had a son Wlodzimierz married Amelia Maria Romana Dembinska the great-granddaughter of Ignacy Dembinski 1753-1799; Ignacy Aleksy Jakub Dembinski 1766-1829; and
Duke Antoni Pawel Sulkowski, 1785-1836 who was born in 1785 - Leszno, died in 1836 - Rydzyna. Duke Antoni was the grandson of Duke Aleksander Józef Sulkowski, 1695-1762 in RYDZYNA
- he bought LESZNO in 1738, and in 1752 also BIELSK in Silesia].
Józef Sylwester Sosnowski d. 1783, was the owner of SOSNOWICA, after his father MARCIN; Rokitno and Przegaliny in the Brzesc Litewski province.
Near to Marcin Radziwill of KLECK and to Bartlomiej Stecki, Maltese bachelor, in 1765 of Stwolowicze [1737 Jozef was in Wschowa; acted with the Poniatowskis of Wolczyn].
JOZEF married in 1741 in DAUKSZE to Tekla Zenowicz / Despot Zenowicz, with the daughters,
Katarzyna PLATER
and Ludwika + JOZEF LUBOMIRSKI.
Ludwika - Tadeusz Kosciuszko fell in love with her, unsuccessfully because of her father's opposition, in 1774.
Niepokojczyce - in the Kobryn county.
Grabanów close to Biala Podlaska;
in 1818, Grabanów is already the court property of Adam Niepokojczycki, the father of GENERAL ARTUR Niepokojczycki.
He had wooden residential building made of oak tree.
1822, Grabanow farm was bought from the Radziwills by Poplawski. Shortly thereafter, these estate passed on to the property of the Grabowski family.
Kozula's mill in the Grabanów farm in 1781, belonged to the Radziwills, who had a hunting lodge here - near BIALA PODLASKA.
GENERAL ARTUR Niepokojczycki in 1841, was sent to the Caucasus under General Grabbe.
Artur A. Nepokojchitsky owned the estate Ostashevo. Until 1861 it was called Aleksandrovskoe-Ostashevo on the left bank of the Ruza Reservoir, 21 km from the Volokolamsk suburb near Moscow.
The Polish origin had the actual commander-in-chief of the 1877/1878 Army, the Chief of Staff, General Artur Niepokojczycki and his deputy, General Karol Lewicki, and two leaders of the Bulgarian uprising, dictator and commander-in-chief - Stanislaw StClair, and major Ludwik Wojtkiewicz.
Artur A. Nepokojchitsky was next of kin to the KRUPSKI family.
Krupski Bonifacy, the son of Urban Krupski and Katarzyna Antoniewicz, was born in 1822 in Ihnatow in the MINSK county in Belarus; he studied in SLUCK; then Bonifacy lived in the BOBRUJSK county in the Wittgenstein estate [see SZUMSKI]. 1856, his father Urban bought from Korsak the Mieciawicze estate in the Sluck county, and in 1861 from Ratyski bought Nowosióki in the IHUMEN county. Bonifacy Krupski in 1861 was married Stefanja widow, born ca 1830, the daughter of Florjan SWIDA, and Konstancja Niepokojczycki Swida, b. ca 1805.
{Erazm Swida-Polny, b. 1882 - Mieciawicze, d. 1928 - Malecz; a brother of his father was Wladyslaw Swida-Polny b. 1842, d. 1924 - Siechniewicze near Pruzany. Wladyslaw Swida was the son of Florian Jakub Swida-Polny and named Konstancja Niepokojczycka born ca 1805. Wladyslaw Swida-Polny 1842-1924 m. Jadwiga Rewkowska, 1850-1922}.
In Nowosiólki was a folk school, under Ligenza from Kiev.
B. Krupski fought in 1863 in the Ihumen county.
Niepokojczycki had the WAGA coat of arms - together with Abramowicz, Korzeniowski, Pociej.
Brief note:
1. Sniadecki knew Benedykt Niepokójczycki well.
2.
SOSNOWICA:
close to PIESZOWOLA, Wytyczno, LIBISZOW, and Parczew.
In the first half of the 19th century, the lands near Sosnowica belonged to the large landowners and the clergy. In 1822, it belonged to Józef Sosnowski. They come from Kruszewo near Choroszcz, west to Bialystok
[Wlodzimierz Karol Józef Sosnowski, 1822-1888, had a son Wlodzimierz married Amelia Maria Romana Dembinska the great-granddaughter of Ignacy Dembinski 1753-1799; Ignacy Aleksy Jakub Dembinski 1766-1829; and
Duke Antoni Pawel Sulkowski, 1785-1836 who was born in 1785 - Leszno, died in 1836 - Rydzyna. Duke Antoni was the grandson of Duke Aleksander Józef Sulkowski, 1695-1762 in RYDZYNA
- he bought LESZNO in 1738, and in 1752 also BIELSK in Silesia].
Józef Sylwester Sosnowski d. 1783, was the owner of SOSNOWICA, after his father MARCIN; Rokitno and Przegaliny in the Brzesc Litewski province.
Near to Marcin Radziwill of KLECK and to Bartlomiej Stecki, Maltese bachelor, in 1765 of Stwolowicze [1737 Jozef was in Wschowa; acted with the Poniatowskis of Wolczyn].
JOZEF married in 1741 in DAUKSZE to Tekla Zenowicz / Despot Zenowicz, with the daughters,
Katarzyna PLATER
and Ludwika + JOZEF LUBOMIRSKI.
Ludwika - Tadeusz Kosciuszko fell in love with her, unsuccessfully because of her father's opposition, in 1774.
Józef Sosnowski bought Sosnowica in 1802 from his cousin of the same name and surname as he.
Józef Sylwester Sosnowski born 1729, had 2 daughters: Katarzyna Sosnowski Plater; and Ludwika Sosnowski.
Józef Sosnowski died 1823 and Sosnowica was acquired by his children: Tekla b. 1801, Joanna born 1804, and Stanislaw Stefan Sosnowski b. 1805.
In 1824 Tekla Sosnowska sells her part, to her future husband, Jan Niepokójczycki, maybe the family of Adam Niepokojczycki.
1827 Pieszowola was bought by Wojciech Weglinski. 1832 -
the division of the property between Jan Niepokójczycki, Joanna Sosnowski Skarszewska and Stanislaw Sosnowski. As a result, Sosnowica's land estates, took the last one.
1871, Stanislaw Sosnowski died and Sosnowica was inherited by daughters of Tekla NIEPOKOJCZYCKA: Waleria and Sabina Niepokójczycki.
1892, they sold Sosnowica to Alfons Libiszowski.
Waleria was living in the Sosnowica manor.
1894 - Teodor Libiszowski, son of Alfons.
Sosnowica village and Turno, in 1832 took Jan Niepokójczycki. Then to Antoni Zembrzuski husband of named Sabina Niepokójczycki.
1888 Turno belonged to Ksawery Bielski.
Jan Niepokójczycki was a brother of ADAM ?
Note to Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Sosnowica:
"I see him OFTEN, ... He is as pure a son of liberty, as I have ever known, ... and of that liberty which is to go to all, and not to the few or rich alone. Thus did Thomas Jefferson describe his new-found friend General Kosciuszko in 1798. Kosciuszko had left his native Poland in 1776 to join the American patriots ... Jefferson had scarcely known him then, but when he returned to his adopted fatherland for a second time in 1797 the two men became close friends and saw each other, for a time, almost daily.
Kosciuszko travelled in 1796 / 1797 from Russia to Sweden with his secretary J. U. Niemcewicz and with cheerful officer, Libiszewski who often had to carry the General
[Libiszowski / Libiszewski willingly performed this service. In Sweden, Kosciuszko was listening to Libiszewski playing the guitar at his bedside and to a concert organised in his honour by the best musicians; in Philadelphia was a musician in orchestra. He died - still young - of fever in Cuba. In 1892 the Sosnowski manor from Waleria Niepokójczycki, bought Alfons Libiszowski. In Libiszow is the Libiszowski manor, 'Rybakówka'; Libiszow is situated 5 km west of Sosnowica; east of Ostrow Lubelski].
The American newspapers followed with interest his triumphal fourney through Sweden and England. At Gothenburg, the principal inhabitants turned out to greet the Polish hero ... In London, the leaders, including Fox, Wilberforce, and Sheridan, waited on him. The members of the Whig Club had their president, General Banastre Tarleton, the former dashing cavalry commander who almost captured Jefferson during the American Revolution, present a sword worth 200 guineas to Kosciuszko as a public testimony of their sense of his exalted virtues and of his gallant, generous, and exemplary efforts to defend and save his country. Rufus King, the American Minister to Britain, arranged his passage to the United States. At Bristol, where the citizens presented him with a magnificent mahogany case of silver plate weighing more than 216 ounces, each piece inscribed "The Friends of Liberty in Bristol to the Gallant Kosciuszko", the General stayed in the home of the American Consul. ... Kosciuszko arrived at Philadelphia in August, 1797. ...
Niepokojczyce by the Muchawiec river - Rayski Edward; close to JAMNO and Zabinka, near Brzesc.
Zygmunt Rayski b. 1917, of Niepokojczyce.
Ostashevo (until 1861 - Aleksandrovskoe-Ostashevo)
is a fragmentary preserved estate on the left bank of the Ruza reservoir, 21 km from the Volokolamsk suburb near Moscow.
Ostashevo, a small village, 140 kilometers to Moscow.
Józef Sylwester Sosnowski born 1729, had 2 daughters: Katarzyna Sosnowski Plater; and Ludwika Sosnowski.
Józef Sosnowski died 1823 and Sosnowica was acquired by his children: Tekla b. 1801, Joanna born 1804, and Stanislaw Stefan Sosnowski b. 1805.
In 1824 Tekla Sosnowska sells her part, to her future husband, Jan Niepokójczycki, maybe the family of Adam Niepokojczycki.
1827 Pieszowola was bought by Wojciech Weglinski. 1832 -
the division of the property between Jan Niepokójczycki, Joanna Sosnowski Skarszewska and Stanislaw Sosnowski. As a result, Sosnowica's land estates, took the last one.
1871, Stanislaw Sosnowski died and Sosnowica was inherited by daughters of Tekla NIEPOKOJCZYCKA: Waleria and Sabina Niepokójczycki.
1892, they sold Sosnowica to Alfons Libiszowski.
Waleria was living in the Sosnowica manor.
1894 - Teodor Libiszowski, son of Alfons.
Sosnowica village and Turno, in 1832 took Jan Niepokójczycki. Then to Antoni Zembrzuski husband of named Sabina Niepokójczycki.
1888 Turno belonged to Ksawery Bielski.
Jan Niepokójczycki was a brother of ADAM ?
Note to Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Sosnowica:
"I see him OFTEN, ... He is as pure a son of liberty, as I have ever known, ... and of that liberty which is to go to all, and not to the few or rich alone. Thus did Thomas Jefferson describe his new-found friend General Kosciuszko in 1798. Kosciuszko had left his native Poland in 1776 to join the American patriots ... Jefferson had scarcely known him then, but when he returned to his adopted fatherland for a second time in 1797 the two men became close friends and saw each other, for a time, almost daily.
Kosciuszko travelled in 1796 / 1797 from Russia to Sweden with his secretary J. U. Niemcewicz and with cheerful officer, Libiszewski who often had to carry the General
[Libiszowski / Libiszewski willingly performed this service. In Sweden, Kosciuszko was listening to Libiszewski playing the guitar at his bedside and to a concert organised in his honour by the best musicians; in Philadelphia was a musician in orchestra. He died - still young - of fever in Cuba. In 1892 the Sosnowski manor from Waleria Niepokójczycki, bought Alfons Libiszowski. In Libiszow is the Libiszowski manor, 'Rybakówka'; Libiszow is situated 5 km west of Sosnowica; east of Ostrow Lubelski].
The American newspapers followed with interest his triumphal fourney through Sweden and England. At Gothenburg, the principal inhabitants turned out to greet the Polish hero ... In London, the leaders, including Fox, Wilberforce, and Sheridan, waited on him. The members of the Whig Club had their president, General Banastre Tarleton, the former dashing cavalry commander who almost captured Jefferson during the American Revolution, present a sword worth 200 guineas to Kosciuszko as a public testimony of their sense of his exalted virtues and of his gallant, generous, and exemplary efforts to defend and save his country. Rufus King, the American Minister to Britain, arranged his passage to the United States. At Bristol, where the citizens presented him with a magnificent mahogany case of silver plate weighing more than 216 ounces, each piece inscribed "The Friends of Liberty in Bristol to the Gallant Kosciuszko", the General stayed in the home of the American Consul. ... Kosciuszko arrived at Philadelphia in August, 1797. ...
Niepokojczyce by the Muchawiec river - Rayski Edward; close to JAMNO and Zabinka, near Brzesc.
Zygmunt Rayski b. 1917, of Niepokojczyce.
Ostashevo (until 1861 - Aleksandrovskoe-Ostashevo)
is a fragmentary preserved estate on the left bank of the Ruza reservoir, 21 km from the Volokolamsk suburb near Moscow.
Ostashevo, a small village, 140 kilometers to Moscow.
The grandson of Nicholas I, Konstantin Romanov, received this estate in 1903.
The previous owner, Nikolai Shipov, was one of the greatest agricultural innovators of his era. In 1854 he bought 200 cows, hired a specialist from Switzerland and established a cheese factory at Ostashevo [FRAUCHI ?].
The Ostashevo estate was owned by
1.
an energetic entrepreneur A. V. URUSOV [N. D. Urusov in KOTOVKA];
2.
MURAVIEV
[in the early 1820s young Prince Valentin Shakhovskoy, a pupil at the famous cavalry school in Moscow run by Nikolai Muraviev of nearby Ostashevo, became involved in the DECEMBRISTS movement. A sister of named WALENTY SZACHOWSKI married the leading Decembrist, Alexander Muraviev of Ostashevo];
3.
Artur A. Nepokojchitsky / Artur Niepokojczycki owned the estate Ostashevo [ca 1840 - 1854]. Until 1861 it was called Aleksandrovskoe-Ostashevo; Arthur Adamovich Nepokojchitsky was born in Slutsk in the family of Adam Niepokojczycki, the district leader of the nobility, on December 8, 1813, when the war with Napoleon rattled. Originated from the old German clan von Upru, who moved to Poland in the village of Nepokoychitsa close to Brzesc.
4.
N. P. Shipov since 1854 or before
[Nikolai P. Shipov, to 1903 {b. ca 1830 ?}. Nikolai Shipov, JUNIOR, the son of PAVEL SHIPOV, junior, was one of the greatest agricultural innovators. Nikolai Smirnov, P., and Nikolai Shipov traveled together. PAVEL junior b. ca 1795/1800 had a brother,
Sergei Shipov b. 1790.
In 1813 until 1844, the serf entrepreneur Nikolai Shipov SENIOR roamed the Russian Empire. Aleksey Feofilaktovich Pisemsky b. 1821, a Russian novelist and dramatist, was born at his father's Ramenye estate in the Chukhloma province of Kostroma. His parents were retired colonel Feofilakt Gavrilovich Pisemsky and his wife Yevdokiya Shipov.
Nikolai's junior brother was Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919) was an Imperial Russian Politician. Ivan Pavlovich Shipov after graduating from the Imperial Alexander Lyceum, entered the Ministry of Finance. He rose to the position of Assistant Director of the Special Credit Office, and was eventually Director of the General Office (Ministerial Chancellery).
In addition, Ivan Pavlovich Shipov served on the Board of the State Bank in 1902-1905. In 1905, he was appointed Minister of Finance during the Witte government. In 1906, he left that position when Witte resigned, due in part to his long association with Witte. He was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1919.
Compare:
Nikolai Shipov junior had a son Dmitry Shipov, b. 1851.
DMITRY was the founder of the All-Zemstvo Organization, which was banned shortly after it was founded in 1896. He was elected chairman in the first Zemstvo Assembly from 6-9 November 1904 during the Zemstvo Congress. Piotr Swiatopelk Mirski / Pyotr Dmitrievich Sviatopolk-Mirsky gave permission for their assembly. Alexander Guchkov and Dmitry Shipov refused to work with the reactionary. "... Witte was in October 1905, charged with the task of assembling the nation's first cabinet government, and he offered the liberals several portfolios (Ministry of Agriculture to Shipov; Ministry of Trade and Industry to Guchkov; Ministry of Justice to Koni; Ministry of Education to Trubetskoy; Milyukov and Lvov were also offered ministerial posts). None of these liberals agreed to join the government...".
Most remarkable of the Shipovs was Sergei Pavlovich Shipov (1790-1876), that is SERGEI the son of PAVEL senior born ca 1760.
PAVEL junior b. ca 1795/1800 had a brother, Sergei Shipov b. 1790.
Nikolai's junior [b. ca 1830] brother was Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919).
Sergei Shipov, b. in 1790, was descended from a well-to-do gentry family in Kostroma province. In 1832 he served Ministry of War. 1841 - 1846 the governor of KAZAN - compare DEMONSI and Wasyl Konstantynowicz + Breguet in KAZAN + V. A. KOKOREV in KAZAN ca 1843 {1844 tax reform note on farms; near LIKHACHEV before 1844; 1843-1844 he had two farms close to Kazan}.
The previous owner, Nikolai Shipov, was one of the greatest agricultural innovators of his era. In 1854 he bought 200 cows, hired a specialist from Switzerland and established a cheese factory at Ostashevo [FRAUCHI ?].
The Ostashevo estate was owned by
1.
an energetic entrepreneur A. V. URUSOV [N. D. Urusov in KOTOVKA];
2.
MURAVIEV
[in the early 1820s young Prince Valentin Shakhovskoy, a pupil at the famous cavalry school in Moscow run by Nikolai Muraviev of nearby Ostashevo, became involved in the DECEMBRISTS movement. A sister of named WALENTY SZACHOWSKI married the leading Decembrist, Alexander Muraviev of Ostashevo];
3.
Artur A. Nepokojchitsky / Artur Niepokojczycki owned the estate Ostashevo [ca 1840 - 1854]. Until 1861 it was called Aleksandrovskoe-Ostashevo; Arthur Adamovich Nepokojchitsky was born in Slutsk in the family of Adam Niepokojczycki, the district leader of the nobility, on December 8, 1813, when the war with Napoleon rattled. Originated from the old German clan von Upru, who moved to Poland in the village of Nepokoychitsa close to Brzesc.
4.
N. P. Shipov since 1854 or before
[Nikolai P. Shipov, to 1903 {b. ca 1830 ?}. Nikolai Shipov, JUNIOR, the son of PAVEL SHIPOV, junior, was one of the greatest agricultural innovators. Nikolai Smirnov, P., and Nikolai Shipov traveled together. PAVEL junior b. ca 1795/1800 had a brother,
Sergei Shipov b. 1790.
In 1813 until 1844, the serf entrepreneur Nikolai Shipov SENIOR roamed the Russian Empire. Aleksey Feofilaktovich Pisemsky b. 1821, a Russian novelist and dramatist, was born at his father's Ramenye estate in the Chukhloma province of Kostroma. His parents were retired colonel Feofilakt Gavrilovich Pisemsky and his wife Yevdokiya Shipov.
Nikolai's junior brother was Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919) was an Imperial Russian Politician. Ivan Pavlovich Shipov after graduating from the Imperial Alexander Lyceum, entered the Ministry of Finance. He rose to the position of Assistant Director of the Special Credit Office, and was eventually Director of the General Office (Ministerial Chancellery).
In addition, Ivan Pavlovich Shipov served on the Board of the State Bank in 1902-1905. In 1905, he was appointed Minister of Finance during the Witte government. In 1906, he left that position when Witte resigned, due in part to his long association with Witte. He was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1919.
Compare:
Nikolai Shipov junior had a son Dmitry Shipov, b. 1851.
DMITRY was the founder of the All-Zemstvo Organization, which was banned shortly after it was founded in 1896. He was elected chairman in the first Zemstvo Assembly from 6-9 November 1904 during the Zemstvo Congress. Piotr Swiatopelk Mirski / Pyotr Dmitrievich Sviatopolk-Mirsky gave permission for their assembly. Alexander Guchkov and Dmitry Shipov refused to work with the reactionary. "... Witte was in October 1905, charged with the task of assembling the nation's first cabinet government, and he offered the liberals several portfolios (Ministry of Agriculture to Shipov; Ministry of Trade and Industry to Guchkov; Ministry of Justice to Koni; Ministry of Education to Trubetskoy; Milyukov and Lvov were also offered ministerial posts). None of these liberals agreed to join the government...".
Most remarkable of the Shipovs was Sergei Pavlovich Shipov (1790-1876), that is SERGEI the son of PAVEL senior born ca 1760.
PAVEL junior b. ca 1795/1800 had a brother, Sergei Shipov b. 1790.
Nikolai's junior [b. ca 1830] brother was Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919).
Sergei Shipov, b. in 1790, was descended from a well-to-do gentry family in Kostroma province. In 1832 he served Ministry of War. 1841 - 1846 the governor of KAZAN - compare DEMONSI and Wasyl Konstantynowicz + Breguet in KAZAN + V. A. KOKOREV in KAZAN ca 1843 {1844 tax reform note on farms; near LIKHACHEV before 1844; 1843-1844 he had two farms close to Kazan}.
SERGEI born 1790, had youngers brothers
[the textile manufacturing - see also ARMAND:
DMITRII P. Shipov - a governor;
and Pavel born ca 1795/1800;
and maybe the serf entrepreneur Nikolai Shipov SENIOR roamed the Russian Empire in 1813 until 1844].
Nikolai P. Shipov owned to 1903 the Ostashevo estate (his son Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov b. on 14 May 1851 - d. 14 January 1920). His brother Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919) was an Imperial Russian Politician.
Mentioned Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov (14 May 1851 - 14 January 1920) was a Russian liberal Slavophile politician of the 19th and 20th century. Shipov acted as a political mentor of Georgy Lvov, Russia's future first Prime Minister.
see:
Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818–1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ...
In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandström, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers
... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnström and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin’s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. ... During his initial period in Baku (1879- 1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred Törnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ...
Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing onboard the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...
he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time)].
5.
K. K. ROMANOV in 1903 until 1915
[Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, born 1858 in Strelna - d. 1915 in Pavlovsk, was a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia; a poet and playwright. He wrote under the pen name "K.R.", initials of his given name and family name, Konstantin Romanov.
Konstantin Romanov / Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich was the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich of Russia.
[the textile manufacturing - see also ARMAND:
DMITRII P. Shipov - a governor;
and Pavel born ca 1795/1800;
and maybe the serf entrepreneur Nikolai Shipov SENIOR roamed the Russian Empire in 1813 until 1844].
Nikolai P. Shipov owned to 1903 the Ostashevo estate (his son Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov b. on 14 May 1851 - d. 14 January 1920). His brother Ivan Pavlovich Shipov (1865-1919) was an Imperial Russian Politician.
Mentioned Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov (14 May 1851 - 14 January 1920) was a Russian liberal Slavophile politician of the 19th and 20th century. Shipov acted as a political mentor of Georgy Lvov, Russia's future first Prime Minister.
see:
Karl Wilhelm also known as Karl Vasilievitj Hagelin was born in St. Petersburg in 1860. His parents Wilhelm Hagelin (1828-1901) and Anna Lovisa Eriksdotter (1818–1870) ... In 1861, the family moved to the Volga where his father worked for a period as a second engineer on passenger boats and towboats. ... In autumn 1870, he started at the Givochini boarding school in Nizhny Novgorod ...
In 1875, thanks to a recommendation from family friend A. I. Sandström, he was accepted into the design workshop at the shipbuilding factory belonging to D. P. Shipov in Kostroma. He received his first real assignment working on the designs for a motorboat, ... and two smaller steamers
... he was employed as a mechanic at the Kaukaz & Mercury shipping company in Astrakhan, where he worked on preparing boats ... he met two Swedes, N. Qvarnström and master mechanic Westvall, with whose recommendation he was able to secure employment as a mechanic in the instrument workshop at the Nobel paraffin factory in Baku. Hagelin’s first working day at Robert Nobel's factory was on 4 April 1879. ... During his initial period in Baku (1879- 1883), Wilhelm ... assisted chemist E. Tell ... When engineer Alfred Törnqvist returned from his trip to the USA and started setting up a new paraffin factory, Hagelin was given a job as a draughtsman. ... he decided to apply to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In order to pass the entrance exams, he took private lessons from engineer A. B. Lambert in mathematics, physics and chemistry. After two years in Sweden, he wrote to Branobel's managing director, J.G. Crusell, explaining his desire to return to Russia and take up his position again. ...
Ludvig Nobel invited Hagelin to St. Petersburg. Wilhelm was given a post in the technical laboratory where he experimented with chemical processes for production of light oil fractions. ... In 1891, he was first promoted to technical director and then office manager in Baku. ... In 1900, he was recalled to St. Petersburg to replace M. J. Belyamin as the company's chairman of the board ... In 1906, he was appointed Swedish consul general in St. Petersburg (1906-1911). ... In spring 1917, Hagelin travelled to Baku, continuing onboard the K.W. Hagelin motorboat to Astrakhan ... Wilhelm left Russia and spent a year abroad, but in July 1918 he was back for a shorter visit ... The remaining directors M. Belyamin, G. Nobel and A. Belonozhkin tried at numerous meetings to solve the burning issue of how the company's trading rights and authority could be protected. Hagelin's last attempt to enter Russia via Constantinople failed and on 3 July 1920 he was forced to return to Stockholm. ...
he, together with Immanuel Nobel / Emmanuel Nobel / Lyudvigovich Emanuel Nobel b. 1859, joined the Aktiebolaget Cryptograph company under the management of Arvid Gerhard Damm (where Wilhelm's son, Boris Hagelin, also worked for a time)].
5.
K. K. ROMANOV in 1903 until 1915
[Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, born 1858 in Strelna - d. 1915 in Pavlovsk, was a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia; a poet and playwright. He wrote under the pen name "K.R.", initials of his given name and family name, Konstantin Romanov.
Konstantin Romanov / Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich was the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich of Russia.
Konstantin Nikolaevich had a brothers:
1.
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, 1831 - 25 April 1891, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 [see General ARTUR Niepokojczycki].
2.
And Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862- 1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi, the town which most of his children remembered as the home of their childhood];
6.
in 1915, a merchant and philanthropist A. G. Kuznetsov
[Aleksandr Gennad'evich Kuznetsov / Kuznetsov Aleksandr Genadjevich or Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov
- "...in Mansurovsky Lane in the heart of Moscow, architect Alexander Kuznetsov built himself a mansion with an entrance gate {in 1915} ... The house owner received guests: the famous Russian modernist architect Fyodor Shekhtel, and constructivist architect Konstantin Melnikov. After the revolution, Kuznetsov was found building a factory on the outskirts of the Soviet Union, and was jailed ... Russian tea merchant, Alexander Kuznetsov and Co, Moscow, had a factory in Hankou, China {see CEYLON !}, the offices in MOSCOW and IRKUTSK.
Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov,
was the tea magnate of Imperial Russia, named and purchased the 239 foot steam yacht 'Foros' in Scotland on the 9th June 1891. Designed by the Glasgow yacht architect Thomas Lennox Watson, Foros took the name from the southernmost Crimean resort made popular by Kuznetsov through the development of his estate there. Guest on board the yacht was in 1896 Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
{GEORGE died in 1899 in Abastumani, Georgia - was the third son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. Grandson of Emperor Alexander II and his first wife Marie of Hesse - a daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Wilhelmine of Baden. Marie of Hesse was the granddaughter of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, the great-granddaughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt / Ludwig IX von Hessen-Darmstadt, 1719 in Darmstadt - 1790 in Pirmasens (compare JOHANN STARCK in 1781 back to Darmstadt)}.
We remember about Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow. In 1840 acc. to Cosroe Dusi: "... May 30. This morning began the portrait of Countess Josephine Kalinovskaya / Jozefina Kalinowska ... 1840, June, the 27. This morning the family Branicki leaves with Countess Kalinovsky. They ordered me a portrait of an older sister, who is married to General Plautin / Plautyn and lives in Tsarskoye Selo. And Olga Kalynovska / Kalinowska goes away from court, to his native Poland, where she get married; Alexander agrees to marry Mary Hesse-Darmstadt...".
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861 was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia
{Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862-1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi};
in 1862, the family moved to Tiflis, Georgia on the occasion of his father's being named Viceroy of the Caucasus; Grand Duke Michael spent his early years in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years; served in the Russo-Turkish War and became a Colonel. In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg, acc. to Wikipedia. In 1888, he had an affair with Princess Walewski; later, with Countess Catherine Nikolaevna Ignatieva daughter of Minister of Interior, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev.
In 1900, moved to Keele Hall, in Staffordshire, close to Newcastle-under-Lyme;
visitor of North Berwick in Scotland {east to Edynburg}, and
in the south of France, Cannes where he met his sister Anastasia and in 1903 his father, also brother Alexander and his family;
he moved with his family to Hampstead in 1909 and every year Grand Duke Michael would visit Edward VII at Windsor Castle, Sandringham and Buckingham Palace
1.
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, 1831 - 25 April 1891, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 [see General ARTUR Niepokojczycki].
2.
And Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862- 1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi, the town which most of his children remembered as the home of their childhood];
6.
in 1915, a merchant and philanthropist A. G. Kuznetsov
[Aleksandr Gennad'evich Kuznetsov / Kuznetsov Aleksandr Genadjevich or Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov
- "...in Mansurovsky Lane in the heart of Moscow, architect Alexander Kuznetsov built himself a mansion with an entrance gate {in 1915} ... The house owner received guests: the famous Russian modernist architect Fyodor Shekhtel, and constructivist architect Konstantin Melnikov. After the revolution, Kuznetsov was found building a factory on the outskirts of the Soviet Union, and was jailed ... Russian tea merchant, Alexander Kuznetsov and Co, Moscow, had a factory in Hankou, China {see CEYLON !}, the offices in MOSCOW and IRKUTSK.
Alexander Grigorievich Kuznetsov,
was the tea magnate of Imperial Russia, named and purchased the 239 foot steam yacht 'Foros' in Scotland on the 9th June 1891. Designed by the Glasgow yacht architect Thomas Lennox Watson, Foros took the name from the southernmost Crimean resort made popular by Kuznetsov through the development of his estate there. Guest on board the yacht was in 1896 Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
{GEORGE died in 1899 in Abastumani, Georgia - was the third son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. Grandson of Emperor Alexander II and his first wife Marie of Hesse - a daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Wilhelmine of Baden. Marie of Hesse was the granddaughter of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, the great-granddaughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt / Ludwig IX von Hessen-Darmstadt, 1719 in Darmstadt - 1790 in Pirmasens (compare JOHANN STARCK in 1781 back to Darmstadt)}.
We remember about Maria Kalinowska in 1840 moved back from St Petersburg on Krakow / Cracow. In 1840 acc. to Cosroe Dusi: "... May 30. This morning began the portrait of Countess Josephine Kalinovskaya / Jozefina Kalinowska ... 1840, June, the 27. This morning the family Branicki leaves with Countess Kalinovsky. They ordered me a portrait of an older sister, who is married to General Plautin / Plautyn and lives in Tsarskoye Selo. And Olga Kalynovska / Kalinowska goes away from court, to his native Poland, where she get married; Alexander agrees to marry Mary Hesse-Darmstadt...".
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia b. 1861 was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia
{Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 - 18 December 1909), served 20 years (1862-1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi};
in 1862, the family moved to Tiflis, Georgia on the occasion of his father's being named Viceroy of the Caucasus; Grand Duke Michael spent his early years in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years; served in the Russo-Turkish War and became a Colonel. In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg, acc. to Wikipedia. In 1888, he had an affair with Princess Walewski; later, with Countess Catherine Nikolaevna Ignatieva daughter of Minister of Interior, Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev.
In 1900, moved to Keele Hall, in Staffordshire, close to Newcastle-under-Lyme;
visitor of North Berwick in Scotland {east to Edynburg}, and
in the south of France, Cannes where he met his sister Anastasia and in 1903 his father, also brother Alexander and his family;
he moved with his family to Hampstead in 1909 and every year Grand Duke Michael would visit Edward VII at Windsor Castle, Sandringham and Buckingham Palace