Employment-Newspaper-Third-Week-Of-June-2019.pdf
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Employment-Newspaper-Third-Week-Of-June-2019.pdf
#FISHERIES Contributing about 1% to the National GDP, 5.23% to the Agricultural GDP(201516) and exports earning of about 45,107 crore in 2017-18 (US$ 7.08 billion), the fisheries sector has been playing significant role in the national economy. The Country is bestowed with varied and huge potential resources in the form of rivers and canals (1.95 lakh km); floodplain lakes (7.98 lakh hectare); ponds and tanks (24.33 lakh hectare); reservoirs (31.50 lakh hectare) and brackish water (14.10 lakh hectare). In addition, the marine fisheries activities spread along the country’s long coastline of 8118 km with an EEZ of 2.02 million square km. Foreseeing the greater scope for development of fisheries, the Government of India has called for “a revolution” in the fisheries sector and has named it as “Blue Revolution”.
📌📌📌Types of Tillage📌📌📌
#nabard #very_imp
#Tillage operations are broadly grouped into two types based on the time.
Types of Primary Tillage
Depending upon the purpose or necessity, different types of tillage are carried out. They are deep ploughing, subsoiling and year-round tillage.
#Deep Tillage
Deep ploughing turns out large sized clods, which are baked by the hot sun when it is done in summer. These clods crumble due to alternate heating and cooling and due to occasional summer showers. This process of gradual disintegration of clods improves soil structure. The rhizomes and tubers of perennial weeds (world's problematic weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus) die due to exposure to hot sun. Summer deep ploughing kills pests due to exposure of pupae to hot sun.
A deep tillage of 25-30 cm depth is necessary for deep rooted crop like pigeonpea while moderate deep tillage of 15-20 cm is required for maize.
#Deep tillage also improves soil moisture content. However the advantage of deep tillage in dry farming condition depends on rainfall pattern and crop.agriculture exams library
It is advisable to go for deep ploughing only for long duration, deep rooted crops. Depth of ploughing should be related to the amount of rainfall that it can wet.
#Subsoiling
Hard pans may be present in the soil which restrict root growth of crops. These may be silt pans, iron or aluminium pans, clay pans or -man-made pans. Man-made pans are tillage pans induced by repeated tillage at the same depth. Root growth of crops is confined to top few centimetres of soil where deep penetration of roots is inhibited by hard pans.
For example, cotton roots grow to a depth of 2 m in deep alluvial soil without any pans. When hard pans are present, they grow only up to hard pan, say 15-20 cm. Similarly, vertical root growth of sugarcane is restricted due to hard pans and it is not compensated by horizontal spread. Subsoiling is breaking the hard pan without inversion and with less disturbance of top soil. A narrow cut is made in the top soil while share of the subsoiler shatters@allagriexams2020 hard pans. Chisel ploughs are also used to break hard pans present even at 60-70 cm. The effect of subsoiling does not last long. To avoid closing of subsoil furrow, vertical mulching is adopted. Year-round Tillage
#Tillage operations carried out throughout the year are known as year-round tillage. In dry farming regions, field preparation is initiated with the help of summer showers. Repeated tillage operations are carried out until sowing of the crop. Even after harvest of the crop, the field is repeatedly ploughed or harrowed to avoid weed growth in the off season.
#Secondary_Tillage
Lighter or finer operations performed on the soil after primary tillage are known as secondary tillage. After ploughing, the fields are left with large clods with some weeds and stubbles partially uprooted.
Harrowing is done to a shallow depth to crush the clods and to uproot the remaining weeds and stubbles. Disc harrows, cultivators, blade harrows etc., are used for this purpose. Planking is done to crush the hard clods to smoothen the soil surface and to compact the soil lightly. Thus the field is made ready for sowing after ploughing by harrowing and planking. Generally sowing operations are also included in secondary tillage.
#Layout of Seedbed and Sowing
After the seedbed preparation, the field is laid out properly for irrigation and sowing or planting seedlings. These operations are crop specific. For most of the crops like wheat, soybean, pearl millet, groundnut, castor etc., fIat levelled seedbed is prepared. After the secondary tillage, these crops are sown without any land treatments. However, growing crops during rainy season in deep black soils is a problem due to ill-drained conditions and as tillage is not possible during the rainy season. Broadbed and furrows (BBF) are, therefore, formed before the onset of monsoon and dry sowing is resorted to.
For some crops like maize, vegetables etc., the field has to be
#nabard #very_imp
#Tillage operations are broadly grouped into two types based on the time.
Types of Primary Tillage
Depending upon the purpose or necessity, different types of tillage are carried out. They are deep ploughing, subsoiling and year-round tillage.
#Deep Tillage
Deep ploughing turns out large sized clods, which are baked by the hot sun when it is done in summer. These clods crumble due to alternate heating and cooling and due to occasional summer showers. This process of gradual disintegration of clods improves soil structure. The rhizomes and tubers of perennial weeds (world's problematic weeds viz., Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus) die due to exposure to hot sun. Summer deep ploughing kills pests due to exposure of pupae to hot sun.
A deep tillage of 25-30 cm depth is necessary for deep rooted crop like pigeonpea while moderate deep tillage of 15-20 cm is required for maize.
#Deep tillage also improves soil moisture content. However the advantage of deep tillage in dry farming condition depends on rainfall pattern and crop.agriculture exams library
It is advisable to go for deep ploughing only for long duration, deep rooted crops. Depth of ploughing should be related to the amount of rainfall that it can wet.
#Subsoiling
Hard pans may be present in the soil which restrict root growth of crops. These may be silt pans, iron or aluminium pans, clay pans or -man-made pans. Man-made pans are tillage pans induced by repeated tillage at the same depth. Root growth of crops is confined to top few centimetres of soil where deep penetration of roots is inhibited by hard pans.
For example, cotton roots grow to a depth of 2 m in deep alluvial soil without any pans. When hard pans are present, they grow only up to hard pan, say 15-20 cm. Similarly, vertical root growth of sugarcane is restricted due to hard pans and it is not compensated by horizontal spread. Subsoiling is breaking the hard pan without inversion and with less disturbance of top soil. A narrow cut is made in the top soil while share of the subsoiler shatters@allagriexams2020 hard pans. Chisel ploughs are also used to break hard pans present even at 60-70 cm. The effect of subsoiling does not last long. To avoid closing of subsoil furrow, vertical mulching is adopted. Year-round Tillage
#Tillage operations carried out throughout the year are known as year-round tillage. In dry farming regions, field preparation is initiated with the help of summer showers. Repeated tillage operations are carried out until sowing of the crop. Even after harvest of the crop, the field is repeatedly ploughed or harrowed to avoid weed growth in the off season.
#Secondary_Tillage
Lighter or finer operations performed on the soil after primary tillage are known as secondary tillage. After ploughing, the fields are left with large clods with some weeds and stubbles partially uprooted.
Harrowing is done to a shallow depth to crush the clods and to uproot the remaining weeds and stubbles. Disc harrows, cultivators, blade harrows etc., are used for this purpose. Planking is done to crush the hard clods to smoothen the soil surface and to compact the soil lightly. Thus the field is made ready for sowing after ploughing by harrowing and planking. Generally sowing operations are also included in secondary tillage.
#Layout of Seedbed and Sowing
After the seedbed preparation, the field is laid out properly for irrigation and sowing or planting seedlings. These operations are crop specific. For most of the crops like wheat, soybean, pearl millet, groundnut, castor etc., fIat levelled seedbed is prepared. After the secondary tillage, these crops are sown without any land treatments. However, growing crops during rainy season in deep black soils is a problem due to ill-drained conditions and as tillage is not possible during the rainy season. Broadbed and furrows (BBF) are, therefore, formed before the onset of monsoon and dry sowing is resorted to.
For some crops like maize, vegetables etc., the field has to be
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FCI Important Book List
👉 Preliminary Exam.
1.Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations
Best buy link👇
https://amzn.to/2TIEF2K
2.A Modern Approach to Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning
Best buy link👇
https://amzn.to/2HtCSIn
3.Objective General English
Best buy link
https://amzn.to/2F8gC32
👉 For Mains
1.A Competitive Book of Agriculture
https://amzn.to/2UIFfdv
2.Objective Botany: Question Bank for Civil Service Examination, NET, SET, Ph. D. and Allied Examination
https://amzn.to/2UJzJY1
3.Competition Master ZOOLOGY
https://amzn.to/2HDuAgk
This is full package of FCI exam 2019
Best of luck
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Important in agri world
❖ Asian tea Alliance launchced in China on April 19, 2019 (Members of this association are
India, China, Srilanka, Indonesia and Japan.
Main objective: To enhance tea trade, cultural exchanges and promoting tea.
❖ Annual Average rainfall of the country for the year 2018 - 804 mm (Avg. rainfall of the
country is 890 mm)
❖ The World Food Prize 2018 was awarded to- Lawrence Haddad and Dr. David
Nabarro for their individual but complementary global leadership in elevating maternal and
child under nutrition within food security (First World Food Prize won by- MS
Swaminathan)
❖ *Egg production of the country for the year 2018-19 was- 88 billion
❖ Per capita availability of eggs in India is- 69 per person per year
❖ Position of India in terms of Egg Production- 3
rd (1-China; 2- USA)
❖ *Total milk production in the year 2017-18 was- 176.35 Mt
❖ Per capita availability of Milk in India- 376 gm per person per day
❖ *India’s share in World Milk production- 17%
❖ Minimum Support Price recommended by – Commission for Agricultural Cost and
Prices (CACP)
❖ MSP announced by- Government of India: MSP is calculated based on Avg. Cost of
Production
❖ At present MSP is announced for – 23 crop commodities only
❖ *The state that produces highest food grains is- Uttar Pradesh
❖ *The State that produces highest Pulses is- Madhya Pradesh
❖ The state that ranks first in Oilseed production is- Rajasthan
❖ 2018- National year of Millets
❖ The First Ever world Pulse Celebrated on-10 Feb,2019
❖ FAO of the UN declared the annual observance of World Pulses day starting from the year-2019
❖ Institutional credit for Agriculture sector for the year 2018-19- 11 lakh crore
❖ Time period for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set up by UN is-
2015-2030
❖ Number of Sustainable Development goals- 17
❖ Main aim of Sustainable Development Goals laid by the United Nations is - to ensure
food security vis-à-vis nutritional security
❖ Asian tea Alliance launchced in China on April 19, 2019 (Members of this association are
India, China, Srilanka, Indonesia and Japan.
Main objective: To enhance tea trade, cultural exchanges and promoting tea.
❖ Annual Average rainfall of the country for the year 2018 - 804 mm (Avg. rainfall of the
country is 890 mm)
❖ The World Food Prize 2018 was awarded to- Lawrence Haddad and Dr. David
Nabarro for their individual but complementary global leadership in elevating maternal and
child under nutrition within food security (First World Food Prize won by- MS
Swaminathan)
❖ *Egg production of the country for the year 2018-19 was- 88 billion
❖ Per capita availability of eggs in India is- 69 per person per year
❖ Position of India in terms of Egg Production- 3
rd (1-China; 2- USA)
❖ *Total milk production in the year 2017-18 was- 176.35 Mt
❖ Per capita availability of Milk in India- 376 gm per person per day
❖ *India’s share in World Milk production- 17%
❖ Minimum Support Price recommended by – Commission for Agricultural Cost and
Prices (CACP)
❖ MSP announced by- Government of India: MSP is calculated based on Avg. Cost of
Production
❖ At present MSP is announced for – 23 crop commodities only
❖ *The state that produces highest food grains is- Uttar Pradesh
❖ *The State that produces highest Pulses is- Madhya Pradesh
❖ The state that ranks first in Oilseed production is- Rajasthan
❖ 2018- National year of Millets
❖ The First Ever world Pulse Celebrated on-10 Feb,2019
❖ FAO of the UN declared the annual observance of World Pulses day starting from the year-2019
❖ Institutional credit for Agriculture sector for the year 2018-19- 11 lakh crore
❖ Time period for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set up by UN is-
2015-2030
❖ Number of Sustainable Development goals- 17
❖ Main aim of Sustainable Development Goals laid by the United Nations is - to ensure
food security vis-à-vis nutritional security