crowding in effect - private expenditure and investment goes up ( only happen during recession for example covid period )

crowding out effect - private expenditure and investment goes down bcoz of high interest rate for example ( period of 2022-23 high interest rate )

most important hai yeh es sal ke liye economics survey me mention hai 🌟🌟🌟

cds 2023

CDS 2023

CDS 2023