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Total Ramsar Sites - 98

🌸Patna bird 🐦 sanctuary - UP
🦖Chhari Dhand- Gujarat

India gets Ramsar tag for two wetlands, PM Modi lauds efforts

🔹Patna Bird Sanctuary in Etah (Uttar Pradesh) and
Chhari-Dhand in Kutch (Gujarat)

🔹The designation of these two sites under the Ramsar Convention takes the total number of such wetlands in India to 98

🌊🌬️El Niño & La Niña (ENSO Phenomenon)

🌺El Niño

Meaning: Abnormal warming of sea surface temperature in the central & eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.

🌾Effect on trade winds: Weaken

🪵Impact on India:

Weak/deficient South-West Monsoon

Droughts, heat waves


🌲Global effects:

Heavy rains in South America

Droughts in Australia & Southeast Asia


La Niña❄️⛄

Meaning: Abnormal cooling of sea surface temperature in the central & eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.

🌻Effect on trade winds: Strengthen

Impact on India:
Stronger monsoon, above-normal rainfall

Flood risk


Global effects:
Wet conditions in Australia & Southeast Asia

Colder winters in parts of North America


🦖Key Differences (Quick Table)

Feature. El Niño La Niña

Sea temp. Warmer Cooler
Trade wind Weak Strong
monsoon. Weak Strong
ENSO. Warm Cold phase

🌸One-linear for CDS / UPSC

El Niño weakens Indian monsoon; La Niña strengthens it.

BLA Launches Operation Herof Phase 2 Across Balochistan.

1 FEB NEWS

PM Narendra Modi will visit Punjab today to mark the 649th birth anniversary of Sant Guru Ravidas Ji.

🔸The Prime Minister will unveil the new name of the Adampur Airport as Sri Guru Ravidas Ji Airport, Adampur.

🔸He will also inaugurate the Terminal Building at Halwara Airport in Ludhiana.

𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐆𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝟓𝟎𝐭𝐡 𝐑𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐃𝐚𝐲✨

Indian Coast Guard is commemorating its 50th Raising Day today, marking nearly five decades of dedicated, selfless service to the nation.

𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐌𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐚 𝐒𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐭 since assuming office in 2019.

▪️Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has presented eight consecutive Union Budgets, the longest continuous run by any Finance Minister in the country.

▪️With her ninth Budget in a row, she will come close to the record held by former Prime Minister Morarji Desai, who presented the highest number of Budgets -ten.

Plan Rs 10,000 Cr bio pharma strategy outlay, to develop India as a global biopharma manufacturing hub

Propose a scheme for enhancement for infra equipments, ranging from lifts to firefighting equipment.

Budget 2026: Odisha, T.N., Andhra, Kerala to get dedicated rare earth corridors to promote research and mining

Budget 2026: The move comes as India looks to reduce its dependence on China for rare-earth minerals. Two of the four states, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, are set to go to Assembly elections in 2026.

Union Budget 2026: Twenty new National Waterways to be operationalised over five years, FM Sitharaman announces

A coastal cargo scheme was also announced in order to increase the share of coastal shipping and inland waterways.