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Atomic and Molecular Masses
โAtomic Mass:
Mass of an atom.
Reported in atomic mass unit โamuโ or unified mass โuโ
One atomic mass unit i.e. amu, is the mass exactly equal to one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom.
โMolecular Mass:
Mass of a molecule of covalent compound.
It is equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in the molecule.
Formula Unit Mass
Mass of a molecule of an ionic compound
It is also equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in the molecule
โ Mole Concept:
โMole:
Unit of amount of substance.
One mole amount of substance that contains as many particles or entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of the 12C isotope.
โMolar mass:
Mass of one mole of a substance in gram
Molar mass in gram in numerically equal to atomic/molecular/formula mass in amu or u.
โAtomic Mass:
Mass of an atom.
Reported in atomic mass unit โamuโ or unified mass โuโ
One atomic mass unit i.e. amu, is the mass exactly equal to one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom.
โMolecular Mass:
Mass of a molecule of covalent compound.
It is equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in the molecule.
Formula Unit Mass
Mass of a molecule of an ionic compound
It is also equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in the molecule
โ Mole Concept:
โMole:
Unit of amount of substance.
One mole amount of substance that contains as many particles or entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of the 12C isotope.
โMolar mass:
Mass of one mole of a substance in gram
Molar mass in gram in numerically equal to atomic/molecular/formula mass in amu or u.
๐9
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๐ฏ21โค2๐2๐2๐ค2
Most effective light for stomatal opening is
Anonymous Quiz
35%
a.Red
21%
b.Blue
30%
c.Green
15%
d.Yellow
๐ค6๐2๐ฏ2โค1๐ฑ1
Transpiration is a phenomenon pertaining to
Anonymous Quiz
31%
a.Activated transport
33%
b.Diffusion
28%
c.Osmosis
7%
d. Facilitated diffusion
๐คฏ11๐4โค1
___________is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum.
Anonymous Quiz
51%
Acrosome
36%
Zona pellucida
10%
Megalis
4%
None of the above
๐4โค3๐ฅฐ1๐ฑ1
How does human sperm locomote?
Anonymous Quiz
49%
Flagella
21%
Cilia
19%
Neutrophils
11%
None of the above
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Galรกpagos finches are a good example of ____________.
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Extinction
25%
Heterochromia
17%
Island gigantism
41%
Adaptive radiation
๐คฉ4๐ค2๐ฅฐ1
Which of the following animals is now extinct?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Tasmanian devil
45%
Tasmanian tiger
21%
Pademelon
16%
Quoll
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๐ทMatter In Our Surroundings๐ท
Everything found in this universe is made up of some materials, scientists have named them as โmatter.โ For example, the food we eat, the air we breathe, stones, clouds, stars, plants, animals, water, dust, everything is categorized as matter.
โฆ๏ธCharacteristics of Particles of Matter
โParticles of matter are very small, normally, not visible from naked eye.
โParticles of matter keep moving continuously, which is known as the โkinetic energy.โ
โKinetic energy of particles directly depends on the temperature, as temperature increases, the speed of the movement also increases.
โThe particles of matter have attracting force; therefore, they attract each other.
โThe attracting force of the particles keeps the particles together; however, the strength of the attracting force varies from one kind of matter to another.
States of Matter
Matter has three following states โ
โSolid State
โLiquid State
โGaseous State
๐งฟSolid State
โAll the solid materials have a definite shape, distinct boundaries, and fixed volumes.
โMost of the solid materials have negligible compressibility.
โAll the solid materials have a natural tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside force.
โThe solid materials can be broken under applied force, but it is very difficult to change their shape, as they are rigid.
๐งฟLiquid State
โUnlike solids, liquids have no fixed shape; however, they have a fixed volume
โLiquids take up the shape of the container in which they are kept.
โLiquids have the property to flow and change shape.
๐งฟGaseous State
โMatter in the form of air, which is neither solid nor liquid, is known as gas. For example, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.
โUnlike solid, gas has not definite size and shape.
โThe gases, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG โ used in cooking); compressed natural gas (CNG โ used as fuel in vehicles), etc. have high compressibility; therefore, large volume of a gas can be compressed into a small cylinder and can be transported easily.
โGases, normally, show the property of diffusing very fast into other gases. This is the reason that we can smell (either good or bad) from the distance.
๐ทMatter Can Change its State
โWater can exist in all three states, e.g. Ice as solid; water (H2O) as liquid; and water vapor as gas.
โThe temperature, at which solid melt and transform into the liquid (at the given atmospheric pressure), is known as โmelting point.โ
โThe melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.
โThe melting point of ice is 273.16 K, i.e. 00 C.
โThe process of melting (i.e. change of solid state into liquid state) is known as fusion.
โThe amount of heat energy, which is required to change 1 kg of a solid materials into liquid materials at a given atmospheric pressure, is known as the latent heat of fusion.
โThe temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the given atmospheric pressure is known as โboiling point.โ
โThe boiling point of water is 373 K i.e. 1000C.
โA change of state of a matter directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state (or vice versa) is known as โsublimation.โ
โThe phenomenon i.e. change of a liquid into vapors at any temperature below its boiling point is known as โevaporation.โ
โSolid carbon dioxide (CO2) is stored under high pressure.
โSolid CO2 gets converted directly into gaseous state once the pressure decreases to 1 atmosphere.
โAtmosphere (atm) is a unit of measuring pressure exerted by the gas and the unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa); 1 atmosphere = 1.01 ร 105 Pa.
๐ทThe Fourth State of Matter
โPlasma is the state that consists of super energetic and super excited particles.
โThe super excited particles are found in the form of ionized gases. E.g. the fluorescent tube (which contains helium gas) and neon sign bulbs (which contain neon gas) consist of plasma.
Everything found in this universe is made up of some materials, scientists have named them as โmatter.โ For example, the food we eat, the air we breathe, stones, clouds, stars, plants, animals, water, dust, everything is categorized as matter.
โฆ๏ธCharacteristics of Particles of Matter
โParticles of matter are very small, normally, not visible from naked eye.
โParticles of matter keep moving continuously, which is known as the โkinetic energy.โ
โKinetic energy of particles directly depends on the temperature, as temperature increases, the speed of the movement also increases.
โThe particles of matter have attracting force; therefore, they attract each other.
โThe attracting force of the particles keeps the particles together; however, the strength of the attracting force varies from one kind of matter to another.
States of Matter
Matter has three following states โ
โSolid State
โLiquid State
โGaseous State
๐งฟSolid State
โAll the solid materials have a definite shape, distinct boundaries, and fixed volumes.
โMost of the solid materials have negligible compressibility.
โAll the solid materials have a natural tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside force.
โThe solid materials can be broken under applied force, but it is very difficult to change their shape, as they are rigid.
๐งฟLiquid State
โUnlike solids, liquids have no fixed shape; however, they have a fixed volume
โLiquids take up the shape of the container in which they are kept.
โLiquids have the property to flow and change shape.
๐งฟGaseous State
โMatter in the form of air, which is neither solid nor liquid, is known as gas. For example, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.
โUnlike solid, gas has not definite size and shape.
โThe gases, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG โ used in cooking); compressed natural gas (CNG โ used as fuel in vehicles), etc. have high compressibility; therefore, large volume of a gas can be compressed into a small cylinder and can be transported easily.
โGases, normally, show the property of diffusing very fast into other gases. This is the reason that we can smell (either good or bad) from the distance.
๐ทMatter Can Change its State
โWater can exist in all three states, e.g. Ice as solid; water (H2O) as liquid; and water vapor as gas.
โThe temperature, at which solid melt and transform into the liquid (at the given atmospheric pressure), is known as โmelting point.โ
โThe melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.
โThe melting point of ice is 273.16 K, i.e. 00 C.
โThe process of melting (i.e. change of solid state into liquid state) is known as fusion.
โThe amount of heat energy, which is required to change 1 kg of a solid materials into liquid materials at a given atmospheric pressure, is known as the latent heat of fusion.
โThe temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the given atmospheric pressure is known as โboiling point.โ
โThe boiling point of water is 373 K i.e. 1000C.
โA change of state of a matter directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state (or vice versa) is known as โsublimation.โ
โThe phenomenon i.e. change of a liquid into vapors at any temperature below its boiling point is known as โevaporation.โ
โSolid carbon dioxide (CO2) is stored under high pressure.
โSolid CO2 gets converted directly into gaseous state once the pressure decreases to 1 atmosphere.
โAtmosphere (atm) is a unit of measuring pressure exerted by the gas and the unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa); 1 atmosphere = 1.01 ร 105 Pa.
๐ทThe Fourth State of Matter
โPlasma is the state that consists of super energetic and super excited particles.
โThe super excited particles are found in the form of ionized gases. E.g. the fluorescent tube (which contains helium gas) and neon sign bulbs (which contain neon gas) consist of plasma.
๐10
ttention Everyone! ๐ข
ScienceAdda247 proudly presents its top product tailored for your Boards PREPARATION. Dive into the ultimate solution to ace your challenges๐ธ
It's time to immerse yourself deeply into your NCERT.
Why wait? Take action now!๐
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โ๏ธ Use Code: TOPPER
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Grab an exclusive 20% discount with the code: TOPPER๐ฐ .
Seize this golden opportunity and elevate your preparation!โญ๏ธ
ScienceAdda247 proudly presents its top product tailored for your Boards PREPARATION. Dive into the ultimate solution to ace your challenges
It's time to immerse yourself deeply into your NCERT.
Why wait? Take action now!
Grab an exclusive 20% discount with the code: TOPPER
Seize this golden opportunity and elevate your preparation!
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Which of the following lights deviates the most when it passes through a prism?
Anonymous Quiz
40%
Red Light
40%
Violet Light
9%
Neither (a) nor (b)
11%
Both (a) and (b)
๐ฏ14๐ฑ3๐2๐คฏ1
Which of the following phenomena of light results in a mirage?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Reflection of light
24%
Refraction of light
53%
Total internal reflection
7%
Diffraction of light
๐ฅฐ11โค1