📌 Ray Optics – Important Notes

🔹 1. Basic Concepts of Light
- Light travels in a straight line (Rectilinear Propagation).
- It follows the Reversibility Principle (path remains the same in both directions).

🔹 2. Reflection of Light
📖 Laws of Reflection:
✅ Angle of Incidence (i) = Angle of Reflection (r).
✅ If two mirrors are placed at θ°, the number of images formed:
➝ n = (360/θ) - 1
➝ Example: For θ = 90°, we get 3 images.

🔹 3. Refraction of Light
📖 Snell’s Law:
🔹 n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r
- Rarer → Denser ➝ Bends Towards Normal
- Denser → Rarer ➝ Bends Away from Normal
- Total Internal Reflection (TIR) occurs if i > Critical Angle (C).

🔹 4. Mirrors & Lenses – Shortcut Rules
🔹 Concave Mirror (Converging):
- Object beyond C → Image between F & C (Real, Inverted, Smaller).
- Object at F → Image at Infinity (Highly Enlarged).
- Object closer than F → Virtual, Enlarged (Used in Makeup Mirrors).

🔹 Convex Mirror (Diverging):
- Always Virtual, Upright, Smaller Image (Used in Rear-View Mirrors).

🔹 5. Lens Formula & Power of Lenses
📖 Formula:
🔹 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
🔹 Power (P) = 100/f (Diopters)
- Convex Lens (+P): Converging
- Concave Lens (-P): Diverging

🔹 6. Optical Instruments
✅ Microscope:Uses 2 Convex Lenses.
✅ Telescope: Uses a Convex Objective & Convex Eyepiece.

🔹 7. Quick Tricks & Formulas
✅ Total Internal Reflection:
🔹 sin C = 1/n
✅ Lens Combination Formula:
🔹 1/F = 1/f₁ + 1/f₂

📌 Remember:
- Convex Lens = Concave Mirror (Converging).
- Concave Lens = Convex Mirror (Diverging).
- Closer than F → Virtual Image.
- Beyond F → Real Image.


#dhakkan Army 4AM
3.40 par Milte hai

Thank you Beta

#dhakkanarmy 3.40 Milta hu bachaa

MIND MAP PHYSICS

⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @ADDA247SCIENCE
⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @CLASS_12TH_SCIENCE_BOARDS

⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @ADDA247SCIENCE
⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @CLASS_12TH_SCIENCE_BOARDS

All the best, my Dhakkan Army! ✨ Physics ka Safar hamara yahi tak tha 😢, aage milenge CUET mai! 🚀🔥

Document from #GSS

⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @ADDA247SCIENCE
⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @CLASS_12TH_SCIENCE_BOARDS

Cheatsheet

Document from #GSS

⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @ADDA247SCIENCE
⦿ 𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 ➣ @CLASS_12TH_SCIENCE_BOARDS

Cheatsheet