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Option (b) is Correct: Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605-1689) was a French merchant and traveler who is most famous for his detailed accounts of the diamond mines in India. His work,
"Travels in India" (1676), provides an extensive description of the diamond trade, particularly in the Golconda region, which was known for producing some of the world's most famous diamonds, including the Koh-i-Noor. Tavernier vividly describes the mining techniques, working conditions and the trade routes that transported these precious stones to Europe. His accounts shed light on the Indian economy during the Mughal period (early 17th century), particularly under Shah Jahan. Tavernier was among the first Westerners to bring global attention to India's diamond industry, making his writings valuable for understanding both the economy and the cultural significance of diamonds during the Mughal era.

Option (c) is Correct: The lbadat Khana or "House of Worship" was established by Emperor Akbar in 1575
CE at Fatehpur Sikri as a space for interfaith religious dialogue, not as a mosque or private prayer room.
Initially meant for Sunni Islamic scholars, it was soon opened to Shias, Hindus, Jains, Christians (like Jesuit priests from Goa), Zoroastrians and others, reflecting Akbar's pursuit of religious tolerance and the policy of Sulh-i-Kul (universal peace). Notable figures like Jain monk Hiravijaya Suri, Jesuit priest Father Monserrate and Parsi leaders participated. These discussions deeply influenced Akbar, culminating in the formation of the Din-i-llahi in 1582 CE, a syncretic spiritual doctrine blending ethical elements of major religions. The Ibadat Khana symbolizes Akbar's broader vision of governance which separated religion from politics and laid the foundation for his liberal policies like abolition of Jizya in 1564.

Central Administration: Ashtapradhan, or Council of Eight, was a group of eight ministers responsible for governing the Maratha Kingdom. This system was established by Shivaji. The titles of the ministers were derived from Sanskrit and comprised:

Peshwa or Pantpradhan: Prime Minister responsible for overseeing the entire administration.

Amatya or Mazumdar: Finance Minister, managing the Empire’s accounts.

Shurunavis or Sacheev: Secretary, who prepared royal orders.

Mantri: Interior Minister, overseeing internal affairs and intelligence.

Sari-i-Naubat or Senapati: Commander-in-Chief, in charge of the military and defense.

Sumant or Dabir: Foreign Minister, managing relationships with other rulers.

Nyay Adhyaksh: Chief Justice, handling civil and criminal justice.

Panditrao: High Priest, managing religious matters

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