Nobel Prizes 2018
1. Peace
Given to:
Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege
"For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
2. Physics
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
3. Chemistry
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
4. Physiology or Medicine
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
5. Literature
Nobel prize in literature 2018 cancelled after sexual assault scandal.
Swedish Academy says it needs to ‘commit time to recovering public confidence’ after string of resignations and wide-ranging scandal.
6.Economic Science
Given to:
William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer
"for reshaping the understanding of the long-term determinants of economic growth."
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1. Peace
Given to:
Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege
"For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
2. Physics
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
3. Chemistry
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
4. Physiology or Medicine
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
5. Literature
Nobel prize in literature 2018 cancelled after sexual assault scandal.
Swedish Academy says it needs to ‘commit time to recovering public confidence’ after string of resignations and wide-ranging scandal.
6.Economic Science
Given to:
William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer
"for reshaping the understanding of the long-term determinants of economic growth."
@APPSC_groups
Van Dhan Vikas Kendras
Aim: Mainstreaming the tribal community by promoting primary level value addition to Minor Forest Produce(MFP) at grassroots level.
Implementing Agency:
Implemented through Ministry of Tribal Affairs as Nodal Department at the Central Level and TRIFED as Nodal Agency at the National Level.
At State level, the State Nodal Agency for MFPs and
the District collectors are envisaged to play a pivot role in scheme implementation at grassroot level.
Locally the Kendras are proposed to be managed by a Managing Committee (an SHG) consisting of representatives of Van Dhan SHGs in the cluster.
As per the plan,TRIFED will facilitate establishment of MFP-led multi-purpose Van Dhan Vikas Kendras, a cluster of 10 SHGs comprising of 30 tribal MFP gatherers each, in the tribal areas. Through this initiative, the share of tribals in the value chain of Non-Timber Forest Produce is expected to rise from the present 20% to around 60%. About 3000 such Van Dhan Kendras are proposed to be set up in two years in the forested Tribal Districts of the country.To begin with, this initiative is proposed to be taken up on priority in the 39 Districts with more than 50% tribal population and to then gradually be expanded to other Tribal Districts in India.
Training facilities for a batch of 30 trainees with provision for raw material for training purpose and supply of trainee kits (comprising of bag, scribbing pad, pen, brochures, training manual, booklet etc)
Provisioning of working capital for the SHGs through tie up with financial institutions, banks, NSTFDC etc
@APPSC_groups
Aim: Mainstreaming the tribal community by promoting primary level value addition to Minor Forest Produce(MFP) at grassroots level.
Implementing Agency:
Implemented through Ministry of Tribal Affairs as Nodal Department at the Central Level and TRIFED as Nodal Agency at the National Level.
At State level, the State Nodal Agency for MFPs and
the District collectors are envisaged to play a pivot role in scheme implementation at grassroot level.
Locally the Kendras are proposed to be managed by a Managing Committee (an SHG) consisting of representatives of Van Dhan SHGs in the cluster.
As per the plan,TRIFED will facilitate establishment of MFP-led multi-purpose Van Dhan Vikas Kendras, a cluster of 10 SHGs comprising of 30 tribal MFP gatherers each, in the tribal areas. Through this initiative, the share of tribals in the value chain of Non-Timber Forest Produce is expected to rise from the present 20% to around 60%. About 3000 such Van Dhan Kendras are proposed to be set up in two years in the forested Tribal Districts of the country.To begin with, this initiative is proposed to be taken up on priority in the 39 Districts with more than 50% tribal population and to then gradually be expanded to other Tribal Districts in India.
Training facilities for a batch of 30 trainees with provision for raw material for training purpose and supply of trainee kits (comprising of bag, scribbing pad, pen, brochures, training manual, booklet etc)
Provisioning of working capital for the SHGs through tie up with financial institutions, banks, NSTFDC etc
@APPSC_groups
Fields Medal 2018
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years.
It described as the Mathematicians Nobel Prize. The Medal is given once in 4 years
Given to:
Akshay Venkatesh (India born Australian Mathematician...so chances of coming in exam)
"for his synthesis of analytic number theory, homogeneous dynamics, topology, and representation theory, which has resolved long-standing problems in areas such as the equidistribution of arithmetic objects"
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The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years.
It described as the Mathematicians Nobel Prize. The Medal is given once in 4 years
Given to:
Akshay Venkatesh (India born Australian Mathematician...so chances of coming in exam)
"for his synthesis of analytic number theory, homogeneous dynamics, topology, and representation theory, which has resolved long-standing problems in areas such as the equidistribution of arithmetic objects"
@APPSC_groups
Both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are entitled to a special development package from the Centre for a period of five years under the Section 46, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014.
Andhra Pradesh is entitled to Rs 350 crore annual grant for the development of seven backward districts, while the neighbouring Telangana would get Rs 450 crore annually for nine backward districts.
@APPSC_groups
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/centre-not-releasing-rs-700-cr-funds-to-andhra-for-backward-districts-says-ap-official-3031191.html
Andhra Pradesh is entitled to Rs 350 crore annual grant for the development of seven backward districts, while the neighbouring Telangana would get Rs 450 crore annually for nine backward districts.
@APPSC_groups
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/centre-not-releasing-rs-700-cr-funds-to-andhra-for-backward-districts-says-ap-official-3031191.html
Moneycontrol
Centre not releasing Rs 700 cr funds to Andhra for backward districts, says AP official
While the government think-tank Niti Aayog has recommended release of the funds to the bifurcated Andhra Pradesh, a file in this regard is pending with the Prime Minister Office (PMO) for last few months, Andhra Pradesh Planning Board vice-chairman C Kutumba…
What does the AP Reorganisation Act 2014 says?
The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act:
(a) Section 46 of the Act provides for a reference to be made to the Fourteenth Finance Commission to take into account the resources available to the Successor States and make separate awards to them. It further provides for a developmental package to be given to the backward areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh. It also provides for adequate incentives in particular for Rayalaseema and north coastal regions of the State.
(b) Section 90 of the Act declares the Polavaram Irrigation Project as a National Project.
(c) Under Section 93 of the Act, the details of institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the State are outlined in the Thirteenth Schedule to the Act.
(d) Section 94 of the Act provides for appropriate fiscal measures, including offer of tax incentives, to be given to the Successor States to promote industrialization and economic growth. It further provides for support to programmes for backward areas including physical and social infrastructure. In addition, it provides for giving special financial support for creation of essential facilities in the new capital of the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, including the Raj Bhawan, High Court, Government Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council and such other essential infrastructure.
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The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act:
(a) Section 46 of the Act provides for a reference to be made to the Fourteenth Finance Commission to take into account the resources available to the Successor States and make separate awards to them. It further provides for a developmental package to be given to the backward areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh. It also provides for adequate incentives in particular for Rayalaseema and north coastal regions of the State.
(b) Section 90 of the Act declares the Polavaram Irrigation Project as a National Project.
(c) Under Section 93 of the Act, the details of institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the State are outlined in the Thirteenth Schedule to the Act.
(d) Section 94 of the Act provides for appropriate fiscal measures, including offer of tax incentives, to be given to the Successor States to promote industrialization and economic growth. It further provides for support to programmes for backward areas including physical and social infrastructure. In addition, it provides for giving special financial support for creation of essential facilities in the new capital of the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, including the Raj Bhawan, High Court, Government Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council and such other essential infrastructure.
@APPSC_groups
Do you know who are the world's biggest plastic waste producers? - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/do-you-know-who-are-the-worlds-biggest-plastic-waste-producers/videoshow/66152180.cms
The Times of India
Do you know who are the world's biggest plastic waste producers? | News - Times of India Videos
Do you know who are the world's biggest plastic waste producers? Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle. That's according to environmental group Greenpeace. Working with the Break Free From Plastic movement, Greenpeace's report outlined 239 plastic cleanups in 42…
Standing Deposit Facility scheme
The standing deposit facility, which could be used for sterilisation operations with the advantage that it will not require the provision of collateral for liquidity absorption.
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RBI to have additional instrument for liquidity management https://www.livemint.com/Industry/9LwQCsqfm0xP1PZT9HMYLI/RBI-to-have-additional-instrument-for-liquidity-management.html
The standing deposit facility, which could be used for sterilisation operations with the advantage that it will not require the provision of collateral for liquidity absorption.
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RBI to have additional instrument for liquidity management https://www.livemint.com/Industry/9LwQCsqfm0xP1PZT9HMYLI/RBI-to-have-additional-instrument-for-liquidity-management.html
mint
RBI to have additional instrument for liquidity management
Economic affairs secretary S.C. Garg says with the addition of 'standing deposit facility scheme' the RBI to get one more tool for liquidity management
The Rural Development Ministry has done a gap analysis of more than 3.5 lakh villages, in more than 1.6 lakh panchayats under the Mission Antyodaya convergence scheme.
With multiple panchayats assigned the same score – and thus tied at the same ranking – there are 97 panchayats in the top 10 ranks. Of these, 37 panchayats are in Andhra Pradesh.
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With multiple panchayats assigned the same score – and thus tied at the same ranking – there are 97 panchayats in the top 10 ranks. Of these, 37 panchayats are in Andhra Pradesh.
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NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS)
●This survey was commissioned in 2016. Reference year of survey is 2015-16. The survey was conducted throughout India.
●Samples were taken from 245 districts and 29 states. It covered 40,327 rural households and a population of 1,87,518.
●Out of this 48 % are agriculture households. 87 % are small and marginal farmer households.
●Data was collected through paperless method of Computer Aided Personal Interview.
●This is the first edition of this survey. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) has proposed to perform this survey every 3 years.
●The survey assessed the income levels of rural households, mapped aspects like debt, saving, investment, insurance, pension and financial aptitude and behaviour of individuals.
●The survey defines agricultural households as families having more than Rs 5,000 as value of produce from agricultural operations in the year prior to the survey.
#NAFIS, #NABARD
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●This survey was commissioned in 2016. Reference year of survey is 2015-16. The survey was conducted throughout India.
●Samples were taken from 245 districts and 29 states. It covered 40,327 rural households and a population of 1,87,518.
●Out of this 48 % are agriculture households. 87 % are small and marginal farmer households.
●Data was collected through paperless method of Computer Aided Personal Interview.
●This is the first edition of this survey. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) has proposed to perform this survey every 3 years.
●The survey assessed the income levels of rural households, mapped aspects like debt, saving, investment, insurance, pension and financial aptitude and behaviour of individuals.
●The survey defines agricultural households as families having more than Rs 5,000 as value of produce from agricultural operations in the year prior to the survey.
#NAFIS, #NABARD
@APPSC_groups
NAFIS-
Income Levels
Agricultural households, which accounted for 48% of rural households, earned Rs 107,172 during 2015-16 from cultivation, livestock, non-farm sector activities and wages/salaries. Thus, farmers’ income grew at a compounded growth rate of 12% per annum compared to Rs 77,112 per annum as per NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) assessment in 2012-13
Agricultural households earned 34% of their income from cultivation. Wage earnings contributed the same proportion to the income followed by salaries (16%), livestock (8%) and non-farm sector (6%). Other sources accounted for the rest.
Non-agricultural households reported average annual income of Rs 87,228 majorly contributed by wages (54%), followed by salaries (32%) and non-farm sector activities (12%).
Agricultural households earned 23% more than non-agricultural households
#NAFIS #NABARD
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Income Levels
Agricultural households, which accounted for 48% of rural households, earned Rs 107,172 during 2015-16 from cultivation, livestock, non-farm sector activities and wages/salaries. Thus, farmers’ income grew at a compounded growth rate of 12% per annum compared to Rs 77,112 per annum as per NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) assessment in 2012-13
Agricultural households earned 34% of their income from cultivation. Wage earnings contributed the same proportion to the income followed by salaries (16%), livestock (8%) and non-farm sector (6%). Other sources accounted for the rest.
Non-agricultural households reported average annual income of Rs 87,228 majorly contributed by wages (54%), followed by salaries (32%) and non-farm sector activities (12%).
Agricultural households earned 23% more than non-agricultural households
#NAFIS #NABARD
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NAFIS-
Income levels on monthly basis
A marked variation was noted among states with respect to the average monthly household
income of agricultural households.
The agricultural households in states like Punjab (₹
23,133), followed by Haryana (₹ 18,496) and Kerala (₹ 16,927) reported maximum levels of income which is indicative of the fact that this sector is making a sizeable contribution to
the State’s economy. On the other hand, agricultural households from states like Jharkhand
(₹ 6,991), Andhra Pradesh (₹ 6,920) and Uttar Pradesh (₹ 6,668) reported very low average
monthly incomes of less than ₹ 7,000 per household indicating towards the dismal scenario
of agriculture in these states.
#NAFIS, #NABARD, #AP
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Income levels on monthly basis
A marked variation was noted among states with respect to the average monthly household
income of agricultural households.
The agricultural households in states like Punjab (₹
23,133), followed by Haryana (₹ 18,496) and Kerala (₹ 16,927) reported maximum levels of income which is indicative of the fact that this sector is making a sizeable contribution to
the State’s economy. On the other hand, agricultural households from states like Jharkhand
(₹ 6,991), Andhra Pradesh (₹ 6,920) and Uttar Pradesh (₹ 6,668) reported very low average
monthly incomes of less than ₹ 7,000 per household indicating towards the dismal scenario
of agriculture in these states.
#NAFIS, #NABARD, #AP
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● Average monthly income of agricultural households in Andhra Pradesh is 6920 rupees-NAFIS
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NAFIS-Savings & Investment:
88.1 % of the households reported having a bank account and 55 % of agricultural households have bank account. But only about 24 % of them use ATM services at least once in three months.
Average savings per annum per saver households was reportedly Rs 17,488, of which 95 per cent is with institutional agencies
10.4 % of agricultural households also reported investment with the average investment per investing agricultural households was reportedly Rs 62,734.
#NAFIS #NABARD
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88.1 % of the households reported having a bank account and 55 % of agricultural households have bank account. But only about 24 % of them use ATM services at least once in three months.
Average savings per annum per saver households was reportedly Rs 17,488, of which 95 per cent is with institutional agencies
10.4 % of agricultural households also reported investment with the average investment per investing agricultural households was reportedly Rs 62,734.
#NAFIS #NABARD
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NAFIS
More than half the agricultural households in India have outstanding debts:
52.5% of the agricultural households had an outstanding loan. Whereas 42.8% of the non-agricultural households in rural India had an outstanding loan and all rural households together stands at 47.4%.
Average amount of outstanding debt for indebted agricultural households is reportedly Rs 1,04,602 as on the date of the survey. Debt outstanding for indebted non-agricultural households is reportedly Rs 76,731. Overall extent of indebtedness taking all households combined is Rs 91,407. That means agricultural households with outstanding debt had higher debt liability compared to non-agricultural ones. And also the average outstanding debt of the agricultural households is nearly equal to the average annual income of all agricultural households in India (Rs 1.07 lakh).
Only 10.5% of agricultural households had a valid Kisan Credit Card. Those with Kisan Credit Card had used 66% of the sanctioned credit limit.
19% of the loans were taken to meet agricultural expenses. Another 19% of loans were taken for domestic needs. 11 % of loans were taken for housing and 12 % for medical expenses.
Highest indebtedness was registered by farmers owning more than 2 hectares of land. 60% of such households are indebted.
Telangana (79%), Andhra Pradesh (77%), and Karnataka (74%) had the highest levels of indebtedness among agricultural households. They were followed by Arunachal Pradesh (69%), Manipur (61%), Tamil Nadu (60%), Kerala (56%), and Odisha (54%).
#NAFIS #NABARD
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More than half the agricultural households in India have outstanding debts:
52.5% of the agricultural households had an outstanding loan. Whereas 42.8% of the non-agricultural households in rural India had an outstanding loan and all rural households together stands at 47.4%.
Average amount of outstanding debt for indebted agricultural households is reportedly Rs 1,04,602 as on the date of the survey. Debt outstanding for indebted non-agricultural households is reportedly Rs 76,731. Overall extent of indebtedness taking all households combined is Rs 91,407. That means agricultural households with outstanding debt had higher debt liability compared to non-agricultural ones. And also the average outstanding debt of the agricultural households is nearly equal to the average annual income of all agricultural households in India (Rs 1.07 lakh).
Only 10.5% of agricultural households had a valid Kisan Credit Card. Those with Kisan Credit Card had used 66% of the sanctioned credit limit.
19% of the loans were taken to meet agricultural expenses. Another 19% of loans were taken for domestic needs. 11 % of loans were taken for housing and 12 % for medical expenses.
Highest indebtedness was registered by farmers owning more than 2 hectares of land. 60% of such households are indebted.
Telangana (79%), Andhra Pradesh (77%), and Karnataka (74%) had the highest levels of indebtedness among agricultural households. They were followed by Arunachal Pradesh (69%), Manipur (61%), Tamil Nadu (60%), Kerala (56%), and Odisha (54%).
#NAFIS #NABARD
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NAFIS-Insurance and Pension:
About 26% of agricultural households and 25% of non-agricultural households reported to have been covered under one or the other type of insurance
Among agricultural households who reported to have taken any loan for agricultural purposes in the last one year [2015-16] from institutional agencies, 6.9% reported being covered under crop insurance.
The coverage under any type of pension was reported to be about 18.9 % for non-agricultural households as against 20.1 % for agricultural households
When assessed for type of pension received, 32% of all households with senior citizens reported being covered by old age pension
#NAFIS #NABARD
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About 26% of agricultural households and 25% of non-agricultural households reported to have been covered under one or the other type of insurance
Among agricultural households who reported to have taken any loan for agricultural purposes in the last one year [2015-16] from institutional agencies, 6.9% reported being covered under crop insurance.
The coverage under any type of pension was reported to be about 18.9 % for non-agricultural households as against 20.1 % for agricultural households
When assessed for type of pension received, 32% of all households with senior citizens reported being covered by old age pension
#NAFIS #NABARD
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NAFIS-Only 23% of rural income from farming:
Agriculture does not even generate a quarter of rural household incomes in India.
Out of the total rural households, 48 % are agricultural households.Only over 43 % of the average income of agricultural households comes from cultivation of crops and rearing of animals. Remaining 57 % income comes from non-agricultural sources.
#NAFIS #NABARD
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Agriculture does not even generate a quarter of rural household incomes in India.
Out of the total rural households, 48 % are agricultural households.Only over 43 % of the average income of agricultural households comes from cultivation of crops and rearing of animals. Remaining 57 % income comes from non-agricultural sources.
#NAFIS #NABARD
@APPSC_groups
Some more facts related to Andhra Pradesh from the NABARD-NAFIS survey
1. average size of land owned by agricultural and non-agricultural households including the homestead land (in Hectare)
agricultural households-1.06
non-agricultural households-0.17
All households-0.47
2. Power tillers were found to be more common in the States of Andhra Pradesh (15%) and Telangana (7%), while the average ownership for the country was 1.8%. (whereas highest ownership of tractors were found in Punjab (31%), followed by the agricultural households in Gujarat (14%) and Madhya Pradesh (13%))
3. Average Monthly Income and Consumption Expenditure per Household by Andhra Pradesh and India as a whole ( In Rupees per month per household)
All India
Income-8059
Consumption Expenditure-6646
Surplus-1413
Andhra Pradesh
Income-5842
Consumption Expenditure-5746
Surplus-95
4. Telangana (79%), Andhra Pradesh (77%), and Karnataka (74%) show highest levels of indebtedness across states. And also Andhra Pradesh and Telangana emerge as frontrunners with more than 60% households reporting to have at least one member associated with any microfinance institution.
#NAFIS #NABARD
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1. average size of land owned by agricultural and non-agricultural households including the homestead land (in Hectare)
agricultural households-1.06
non-agricultural households-0.17
All households-0.47
2. Power tillers were found to be more common in the States of Andhra Pradesh (15%) and Telangana (7%), while the average ownership for the country was 1.8%. (whereas highest ownership of tractors were found in Punjab (31%), followed by the agricultural households in Gujarat (14%) and Madhya Pradesh (13%))
3. Average Monthly Income and Consumption Expenditure per Household by Andhra Pradesh and India as a whole ( In Rupees per month per household)
All India
Income-8059
Consumption Expenditure-6646
Surplus-1413
Andhra Pradesh
Income-5842
Consumption Expenditure-5746
Surplus-95
4. Telangana (79%), Andhra Pradesh (77%), and Karnataka (74%) show highest levels of indebtedness across states. And also Andhra Pradesh and Telangana emerge as frontrunners with more than 60% households reporting to have at least one member associated with any microfinance institution.
#NAFIS #NABARD
@APPSC_groups