Nobel Prize in Physics 2018
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
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Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
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Tools made of light
The inventions being honoured this year have revolutionised laser physics. Extremely small objects and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen in a new light. Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications.
Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers that grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their laser beam fingers. This new tool allowed Ashkin to realise an old dream of science fiction – using the radiation pressure of light to move physical objects. He succeeded in getting laser light to push small particles towards the centre of the beam and to hold them there. Optical tweezers had been invented.
A major breakthrough came in 1987, when Ashkin used the tweezers to capture living bacteria without harming them. He immediately began studying biological systems and optical tweezers are now widely used to investigate the machinery of life.
Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland paved the way towards the shortest and most intense laser pulses ever created by mankind. Their revolutionary article was published in 1985 and was the foundation of Strickland’s doctoral thesis.
Using an ingenious approach, they succeeded in creating ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses without destroying the amplifying material. First they stretched the laser pulses in time to reduce their peak power, then amplified them, and finally compressed them. If a pulse is compressed in time and becomes shorter, then more light is packed together in the same tiny space – the intensity of the pulse increases dramatically.
Strickland and Mourou’s newly invented technique, called chirped pulse amplification, CPA, soon became standard for subsequent high-intensity lasers. Its uses include the millions of corrective eye surgeries that are conducted every year using the sharpest of laser beams.
The innumerable areas of application have not yet been completely explored. However, even now these celebrated inventions allow us to rummage around in the microworld in the best spirit of Alfred Nobel – for the greatest benefit to humankind.
@APPSC_groups
The inventions being honoured this year have revolutionised laser physics. Extremely small objects and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen in a new light. Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications.
Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers that grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their laser beam fingers. This new tool allowed Ashkin to realise an old dream of science fiction – using the radiation pressure of light to move physical objects. He succeeded in getting laser light to push small particles towards the centre of the beam and to hold them there. Optical tweezers had been invented.
A major breakthrough came in 1987, when Ashkin used the tweezers to capture living bacteria without harming them. He immediately began studying biological systems and optical tweezers are now widely used to investigate the machinery of life.
Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland paved the way towards the shortest and most intense laser pulses ever created by mankind. Their revolutionary article was published in 1985 and was the foundation of Strickland’s doctoral thesis.
Using an ingenious approach, they succeeded in creating ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses without destroying the amplifying material. First they stretched the laser pulses in time to reduce their peak power, then amplified them, and finally compressed them. If a pulse is compressed in time and becomes shorter, then more light is packed together in the same tiny space – the intensity of the pulse increases dramatically.
Strickland and Mourou’s newly invented technique, called chirped pulse amplification, CPA, soon became standard for subsequent high-intensity lasers. Its uses include the millions of corrective eye surgeries that are conducted every year using the sharpest of laser beams.
The innumerable areas of application have not yet been completely explored. However, even now these celebrated inventions allow us to rummage around in the microworld in the best spirit of Alfred Nobel – for the greatest benefit to humankind.
@APPSC_groups
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
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Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
@APPSC_groups
They harnessed the power of evolution
The power of evolution is revealed through the diversity of life. The 2018 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken control of evolution and used it for purposes that bring the greatest benefit to humankind. Enzymes produced through directed evolution are used to manufacture everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals. Antibodies evolved using a method called phage display can combat autoimmune diseases and in some cases cure metastatic cancer.
Since the first seeds of life arose around 3.7 billion years ago, almost every crevice on Earth has filled with different organisms. Life has spread to hot springs, deep oceans and dry deserts, all because evolution has solved a number of chemical problems. Life’s chemical tools – proteins – have been optimised, changed and renewed, creating incredible diversity.
This year’s Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have been inspired by the power of evolution and used the same principles – genetic change and selection – to develop proteins that solve mankind’s chemical problems.
One half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Frances H. Arnold. In 1993, she conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions. Since then, she has refined the methods that are now routinely used to develop new catalysts. The uses of Frances Arnold’s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, and the production of renewable fuels for a greener transport sector.
The other half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is shared by George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter. In 1985, George Smith developed an elegant method known as phage display, where a bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria – can be used to evolve new proteins. Gregory Winter used phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies, with the aim of producing new pharmaceuticals. The first one based on this method, adalimumab, was approved in 2002 and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Since then, phage display has produced anti-bodies that can neutralise toxins, counteract autoimmune diseases and cure metastatic cancer.
We are in the early days of directed evolution’s revolution which, in many different ways, is bringing and will bring the greatest benefit to humankind.
@APPSC_groups
The power of evolution is revealed through the diversity of life. The 2018 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken control of evolution and used it for purposes that bring the greatest benefit to humankind. Enzymes produced through directed evolution are used to manufacture everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals. Antibodies evolved using a method called phage display can combat autoimmune diseases and in some cases cure metastatic cancer.
Since the first seeds of life arose around 3.7 billion years ago, almost every crevice on Earth has filled with different organisms. Life has spread to hot springs, deep oceans and dry deserts, all because evolution has solved a number of chemical problems. Life’s chemical tools – proteins – have been optimised, changed and renewed, creating incredible diversity.
This year’s Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have been inspired by the power of evolution and used the same principles – genetic change and selection – to develop proteins that solve mankind’s chemical problems.
One half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Frances H. Arnold. In 1993, she conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions. Since then, she has refined the methods that are now routinely used to develop new catalysts. The uses of Frances Arnold’s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, and the production of renewable fuels for a greener transport sector.
The other half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is shared by George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter. In 1985, George Smith developed an elegant method known as phage display, where a bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria – can be used to evolve new proteins. Gregory Winter used phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies, with the aim of producing new pharmaceuticals. The first one based on this method, adalimumab, was approved in 2002 and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Since then, phage display has produced anti-bodies that can neutralise toxins, counteract autoimmune diseases and cure metastatic cancer.
We are in the early days of directed evolution’s revolution which, in many different ways, is bringing and will bring the greatest benefit to humankind.
@APPSC_groups
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
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Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
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Can our immune defense be engaged for cancer treatment?
Cancer kills millions of people every year and is one of humanity’s greatest health challenges. By stimulating the inherent ability of our immune system to attack tumor cells this year’s Nobel Laureates have established an entirely new principle for cancer therapy.
James P. Allison studied a known protein that functions as a brake on the immune system. He realized the potential of releasing the brake and thereby unleashing our immune cells to attack tumors. He then developed this concept into a brand new approach for treating patients.
In parallel, Tasuku Honjo discovered a protein on immune cells and, after careful exploration of its function, eventually revealed that it also operates as a brake, but with a different mechanism of action. Therapies based on his discovery proved to be strikingly effective in the fight against cancer.
Allison and Honjo showed how different strategies for inhibiting the brakes on the immune system can be used in the treatment of cancer. The seminal discoveries by the two Laureates constitute a landmark in our fight against cancer.
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Cancer kills millions of people every year and is one of humanity’s greatest health challenges. By stimulating the inherent ability of our immune system to attack tumor cells this year’s Nobel Laureates have established an entirely new principle for cancer therapy.
James P. Allison studied a known protein that functions as a brake on the immune system. He realized the potential of releasing the brake and thereby unleashing our immune cells to attack tumors. He then developed this concept into a brand new approach for treating patients.
In parallel, Tasuku Honjo discovered a protein on immune cells and, after careful exploration of its function, eventually revealed that it also operates as a brake, but with a different mechanism of action. Therapies based on his discovery proved to be strikingly effective in the fight against cancer.
Allison and Honjo showed how different strategies for inhibiting the brakes on the immune system can be used in the treatment of cancer. The seminal discoveries by the two Laureates constitute a landmark in our fight against cancer.
@APPSC_groups
Nobel Prizes 2018
1. Peace
Given to:
Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege
"For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
2. Physics
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
3. Chemistry
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
4. Physiology or Medicine
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
5. Literature
Nobel prize in literature 2018 cancelled after sexual assault scandal.
Swedish Academy says it needs to ‘commit time to recovering public confidence’ after string of resignations and wide-ranging scandal.
@APPSC_groups
1. Peace
Given to:
Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege
"For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
2. Physics
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
3. Chemistry
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
4. Physiology or Medicine
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
5. Literature
Nobel prize in literature 2018 cancelled after sexual assault scandal.
Swedish Academy says it needs to ‘commit time to recovering public confidence’ after string of resignations and wide-ranging scandal.
@APPSC_groups
Swachh Survekshan Grameen Awards 2018 by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
Haryana was ranked as best State,
Satara District of Maharashtra was ranked as best district.
Uttar Pradesh was rewarded for maximum citizens’ participation.
In Southern Zone, Andhra holds 1st rank in state categery.
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Haryana was ranked as best State,
Satara District of Maharashtra was ranked as best district.
Uttar Pradesh was rewarded for maximum citizens’ participation.
In Southern Zone, Andhra holds 1st rank in state categery.
@APPSC_groups
Nobel Prize in Economic Science 2018
Given to:
William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer
"for reshaping the understanding of the long-term determinants of economic growth."
Mr. Nordhaus was cited for his work on the implications of environmental factors, including climate change.
Mr. Romer was cited for his work on the importance of technological change.
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Given to:
William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer
"for reshaping the understanding of the long-term determinants of economic growth."
Mr. Nordhaus was cited for his work on the implications of environmental factors, including climate change.
Mr. Romer was cited for his work on the importance of technological change.
@APPSC_groups
Nobel Prizes 2018
1. Peace
Given to:
Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege
"For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
2. Physics
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
3. Chemistry
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
4. Physiology or Medicine
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
5. Literature
Nobel prize in literature 2018 cancelled after sexual assault scandal.
Swedish Academy says it needs to ‘commit time to recovering public confidence’ after string of resignations and wide-ranging scandal.
6.Economic Science
Given to:
William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer
"for reshaping the understanding of the long-term determinants of economic growth."
@APPSC_groups
1. Peace
Given to:
Nadia Murad and Denis Mukwege
"For their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."
2. Physics
Given to:
Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, Donna Strickland
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
3. Chemistry
Given to:
Frances H. Arnold (“for the directed evolution of enzymes”)
George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter (“for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”)
4. Physiology or Medicine
Given to:
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
5. Literature
Nobel prize in literature 2018 cancelled after sexual assault scandal.
Swedish Academy says it needs to ‘commit time to recovering public confidence’ after string of resignations and wide-ranging scandal.
6.Economic Science
Given to:
William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer
"for reshaping the understanding of the long-term determinants of economic growth."
@APPSC_groups
Van Dhan Vikas Kendras
Aim: Mainstreaming the tribal community by promoting primary level value addition to Minor Forest Produce(MFP) at grassroots level.
Implementing Agency:
Implemented through Ministry of Tribal Affairs as Nodal Department at the Central Level and TRIFED as Nodal Agency at the National Level.
At State level, the State Nodal Agency for MFPs and
the District collectors are envisaged to play a pivot role in scheme implementation at grassroot level.
Locally the Kendras are proposed to be managed by a Managing Committee (an SHG) consisting of representatives of Van Dhan SHGs in the cluster.
As per the plan,TRIFED will facilitate establishment of MFP-led multi-purpose Van Dhan Vikas Kendras, a cluster of 10 SHGs comprising of 30 tribal MFP gatherers each, in the tribal areas. Through this initiative, the share of tribals in the value chain of Non-Timber Forest Produce is expected to rise from the present 20% to around 60%. About 3000 such Van Dhan Kendras are proposed to be set up in two years in the forested Tribal Districts of the country.To begin with, this initiative is proposed to be taken up on priority in the 39 Districts with more than 50% tribal population and to then gradually be expanded to other Tribal Districts in India.
Training facilities for a batch of 30 trainees with provision for raw material for training purpose and supply of trainee kits (comprising of bag, scribbing pad, pen, brochures, training manual, booklet etc)
Provisioning of working capital for the SHGs through tie up with financial institutions, banks, NSTFDC etc
@APPSC_groups
Aim: Mainstreaming the tribal community by promoting primary level value addition to Minor Forest Produce(MFP) at grassroots level.
Implementing Agency:
Implemented through Ministry of Tribal Affairs as Nodal Department at the Central Level and TRIFED as Nodal Agency at the National Level.
At State level, the State Nodal Agency for MFPs and
the District collectors are envisaged to play a pivot role in scheme implementation at grassroot level.
Locally the Kendras are proposed to be managed by a Managing Committee (an SHG) consisting of representatives of Van Dhan SHGs in the cluster.
As per the plan,TRIFED will facilitate establishment of MFP-led multi-purpose Van Dhan Vikas Kendras, a cluster of 10 SHGs comprising of 30 tribal MFP gatherers each, in the tribal areas. Through this initiative, the share of tribals in the value chain of Non-Timber Forest Produce is expected to rise from the present 20% to around 60%. About 3000 such Van Dhan Kendras are proposed to be set up in two years in the forested Tribal Districts of the country.To begin with, this initiative is proposed to be taken up on priority in the 39 Districts with more than 50% tribal population and to then gradually be expanded to other Tribal Districts in India.
Training facilities for a batch of 30 trainees with provision for raw material for training purpose and supply of trainee kits (comprising of bag, scribbing pad, pen, brochures, training manual, booklet etc)
Provisioning of working capital for the SHGs through tie up with financial institutions, banks, NSTFDC etc
@APPSC_groups
Fields Medal 2018
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years.
It described as the Mathematicians Nobel Prize. The Medal is given once in 4 years
Given to:
Akshay Venkatesh (India born Australian Mathematician...so chances of coming in exam)
"for his synthesis of analytic number theory, homogeneous dynamics, topology, and representation theory, which has resolved long-standing problems in areas such as the equidistribution of arithmetic objects"
@APPSC_groups
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years.
It described as the Mathematicians Nobel Prize. The Medal is given once in 4 years
Given to:
Akshay Venkatesh (India born Australian Mathematician...so chances of coming in exam)
"for his synthesis of analytic number theory, homogeneous dynamics, topology, and representation theory, which has resolved long-standing problems in areas such as the equidistribution of arithmetic objects"
@APPSC_groups
Both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are entitled to a special development package from the Centre for a period of five years under the Section 46, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014.
Andhra Pradesh is entitled to Rs 350 crore annual grant for the development of seven backward districts, while the neighbouring Telangana would get Rs 450 crore annually for nine backward districts.
@APPSC_groups
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/centre-not-releasing-rs-700-cr-funds-to-andhra-for-backward-districts-says-ap-official-3031191.html
Andhra Pradesh is entitled to Rs 350 crore annual grant for the development of seven backward districts, while the neighbouring Telangana would get Rs 450 crore annually for nine backward districts.
@APPSC_groups
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/centre-not-releasing-rs-700-cr-funds-to-andhra-for-backward-districts-says-ap-official-3031191.html
Moneycontrol
Centre not releasing Rs 700 cr funds to Andhra for backward districts, says AP official
While the government think-tank Niti Aayog has recommended release of the funds to the bifurcated Andhra Pradesh, a file in this regard is pending with the Prime Minister Office (PMO) for last few months, Andhra Pradesh Planning Board vice-chairman C Kutumba…
What does the AP Reorganisation Act 2014 says?
The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act:
(a) Section 46 of the Act provides for a reference to be made to the Fourteenth Finance Commission to take into account the resources available to the Successor States and make separate awards to them. It further provides for a developmental package to be given to the backward areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh. It also provides for adequate incentives in particular for Rayalaseema and north coastal regions of the State.
(b) Section 90 of the Act declares the Polavaram Irrigation Project as a National Project.
(c) Under Section 93 of the Act, the details of institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the State are outlined in the Thirteenth Schedule to the Act.
(d) Section 94 of the Act provides for appropriate fiscal measures, including offer of tax incentives, to be given to the Successor States to promote industrialization and economic growth. It further provides for support to programmes for backward areas including physical and social infrastructure. In addition, it provides for giving special financial support for creation of essential facilities in the new capital of the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, including the Raj Bhawan, High Court, Government Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council and such other essential infrastructure.
@APPSC_groups
The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act:
(a) Section 46 of the Act provides for a reference to be made to the Fourteenth Finance Commission to take into account the resources available to the Successor States and make separate awards to them. It further provides for a developmental package to be given to the backward areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh. It also provides for adequate incentives in particular for Rayalaseema and north coastal regions of the State.
(b) Section 90 of the Act declares the Polavaram Irrigation Project as a National Project.
(c) Under Section 93 of the Act, the details of institutions and infrastructure to be developed in the State are outlined in the Thirteenth Schedule to the Act.
(d) Section 94 of the Act provides for appropriate fiscal measures, including offer of tax incentives, to be given to the Successor States to promote industrialization and economic growth. It further provides for support to programmes for backward areas including physical and social infrastructure. In addition, it provides for giving special financial support for creation of essential facilities in the new capital of the successor State of Andhra Pradesh, including the Raj Bhawan, High Court, Government Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council and such other essential infrastructure.
@APPSC_groups
Do you know who are the world's biggest plastic waste producers? - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/do-you-know-who-are-the-worlds-biggest-plastic-waste-producers/videoshow/66152180.cms
The Times of India
Do you know who are the world's biggest plastic waste producers? | News - Times of India Videos
Do you know who are the world's biggest plastic waste producers? Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle. That's according to environmental group Greenpeace. Working with the Break Free From Plastic movement, Greenpeace's report outlined 239 plastic cleanups in 42…
Standing Deposit Facility scheme
The standing deposit facility, which could be used for sterilisation operations with the advantage that it will not require the provision of collateral for liquidity absorption.
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RBI to have additional instrument for liquidity management https://www.livemint.com/Industry/9LwQCsqfm0xP1PZT9HMYLI/RBI-to-have-additional-instrument-for-liquidity-management.html
The standing deposit facility, which could be used for sterilisation operations with the advantage that it will not require the provision of collateral for liquidity absorption.
@APPSC_groups
RBI to have additional instrument for liquidity management https://www.livemint.com/Industry/9LwQCsqfm0xP1PZT9HMYLI/RBI-to-have-additional-instrument-for-liquidity-management.html
mint
RBI to have additional instrument for liquidity management
Economic affairs secretary S.C. Garg says with the addition of 'standing deposit facility scheme' the RBI to get one more tool for liquidity management
The Rural Development Ministry has done a gap analysis of more than 3.5 lakh villages, in more than 1.6 lakh panchayats under the Mission Antyodaya convergence scheme.
With multiple panchayats assigned the same score – and thus tied at the same ranking – there are 97 panchayats in the top 10 ranks. Of these, 37 panchayats are in Andhra Pradesh.
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With multiple panchayats assigned the same score – and thus tied at the same ranking – there are 97 panchayats in the top 10 ranks. Of these, 37 panchayats are in Andhra Pradesh.
@APPSC_groups
NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS)
●This survey was commissioned in 2016. Reference year of survey is 2015-16. The survey was conducted throughout India.
●Samples were taken from 245 districts and 29 states. It covered 40,327 rural households and a population of 1,87,518.
●Out of this 48 % are agriculture households. 87 % are small and marginal farmer households.
●Data was collected through paperless method of Computer Aided Personal Interview.
●This is the first edition of this survey. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) has proposed to perform this survey every 3 years.
●The survey assessed the income levels of rural households, mapped aspects like debt, saving, investment, insurance, pension and financial aptitude and behaviour of individuals.
●The survey defines agricultural households as families having more than Rs 5,000 as value of produce from agricultural operations in the year prior to the survey.
#NAFIS, #NABARD
@APPSC_groups
●This survey was commissioned in 2016. Reference year of survey is 2015-16. The survey was conducted throughout India.
●Samples were taken from 245 districts and 29 states. It covered 40,327 rural households and a population of 1,87,518.
●Out of this 48 % are agriculture households. 87 % are small and marginal farmer households.
●Data was collected through paperless method of Computer Aided Personal Interview.
●This is the first edition of this survey. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) has proposed to perform this survey every 3 years.
●The survey assessed the income levels of rural households, mapped aspects like debt, saving, investment, insurance, pension and financial aptitude and behaviour of individuals.
●The survey defines agricultural households as families having more than Rs 5,000 as value of produce from agricultural operations in the year prior to the survey.
#NAFIS, #NABARD
@APPSC_groups
NAFIS-
Income Levels
Agricultural households, which accounted for 48% of rural households, earned Rs 107,172 during 2015-16 from cultivation, livestock, non-farm sector activities and wages/salaries. Thus, farmers’ income grew at a compounded growth rate of 12% per annum compared to Rs 77,112 per annum as per NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) assessment in 2012-13
Agricultural households earned 34% of their income from cultivation. Wage earnings contributed the same proportion to the income followed by salaries (16%), livestock (8%) and non-farm sector (6%). Other sources accounted for the rest.
Non-agricultural households reported average annual income of Rs 87,228 majorly contributed by wages (54%), followed by salaries (32%) and non-farm sector activities (12%).
Agricultural households earned 23% more than non-agricultural households
#NAFIS #NABARD
@APPSC_groups
Income Levels
Agricultural households, which accounted for 48% of rural households, earned Rs 107,172 during 2015-16 from cultivation, livestock, non-farm sector activities and wages/salaries. Thus, farmers’ income grew at a compounded growth rate of 12% per annum compared to Rs 77,112 per annum as per NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) assessment in 2012-13
Agricultural households earned 34% of their income from cultivation. Wage earnings contributed the same proportion to the income followed by salaries (16%), livestock (8%) and non-farm sector (6%). Other sources accounted for the rest.
Non-agricultural households reported average annual income of Rs 87,228 majorly contributed by wages (54%), followed by salaries (32%) and non-farm sector activities (12%).
Agricultural households earned 23% more than non-agricultural households
#NAFIS #NABARD
@APPSC_groups
NAFIS-
Income levels on monthly basis
A marked variation was noted among states with respect to the average monthly household
income of agricultural households.
The agricultural households in states like Punjab (₹
23,133), followed by Haryana (₹ 18,496) and Kerala (₹ 16,927) reported maximum levels of income which is indicative of the fact that this sector is making a sizeable contribution to
the State’s economy. On the other hand, agricultural households from states like Jharkhand
(₹ 6,991), Andhra Pradesh (₹ 6,920) and Uttar Pradesh (₹ 6,668) reported very low average
monthly incomes of less than ₹ 7,000 per household indicating towards the dismal scenario
of agriculture in these states.
#NAFIS, #NABARD, #AP
@APPSC_groups
Income levels on monthly basis
A marked variation was noted among states with respect to the average monthly household
income of agricultural households.
The agricultural households in states like Punjab (₹
23,133), followed by Haryana (₹ 18,496) and Kerala (₹ 16,927) reported maximum levels of income which is indicative of the fact that this sector is making a sizeable contribution to
the State’s economy. On the other hand, agricultural households from states like Jharkhand
(₹ 6,991), Andhra Pradesh (₹ 6,920) and Uttar Pradesh (₹ 6,668) reported very low average
monthly incomes of less than ₹ 7,000 per household indicating towards the dismal scenario
of agriculture in these states.
#NAFIS, #NABARD, #AP
@APPSC_groups