Our conscious experience often seems like an accurate representation of reality, but it is actually a continuous process of making predictions and constructing our perception from within. Our senses provide the only access we have to the external world, but our perceptions are imperfect and shaped by our internal processes. Rather than passively receiving information from the outside, our brains actively generate and refine our conscious experience - https://aeon.co/videos/anil-seth-on-why-our-senses-are-fine-tuned-for-utility-not-for-reality

Geoffrey Hinton made headlines by leaving Google to openly discuss the risks associated with AI technology, a move not entirely surprising given the growing concerns in 2023 about AI's potential dangers. Hinton, often called the "Godfather of AI," emphasized that his critique was not directed at Google, his former employer, but rather a cautionary warning that AI could spiral out of control and harm humanity, especially with the rise of powerful language models like OpenAI's. In the first few weeks after he went public, he gave a number of interviews, including with WIRED’s own Will Knight - https://www.wired.com/story/plaintext-geoffrey-hinton-godfather-of-ai-future-ai/

Large language models, explained with a minimum of math and jargon - https://www.understandingai.org/p/large-language-models-explained-with

“In the last few years, classical machine learning models have made revolutionary strides in improving automated predictions. But when researchers tried using them to solve quantum problems, Preskill said, the models often got things right, but their accuracy was not guaranteed. Machine learning typically progresses via trial and error, so you’d need just the right kind of data — and a lot of it — to get useful information.” https://rb.gy/227ik

Collecting, storing, and analyzing data can be costly, with the most significant expenses arising when errors require correction. In fact, the expense of rectifying inaccurate data can be as much as 100 times higher than the cost of data collection.

It is imperative to establish robust quality control processes and meticulously verify ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes for accuracy. When merging data from different sources, especially, utmost care must be taken to ensure the integrity and quality of the data. Attempting to cut corners on these processes will ultimately result in much higher costs in the long run.

Data quality is not a free gift; it is an inherent attribute that demands attention. Expenses are incurred when suboptimal practices are followed -actions that overlook proper data quality during the initial stages and necessitate subsequent corrections to address these issues - https://vzocca.substack.com/p/data-quality-get-it-right-now-because

“Knot theory began as an attempt to understand the fundamental makeup of the universe. In 1867, when scientists were eagerly trying to figure out what could possibly account for all the different kinds of matter, the Scottish mathematician and physicist Peter Guthrie Tait showed his friend and compatriot Sir William Thomson his device for generating smoke rings. Thomson — later to become Lord Kelvin (namesake of the temperature scale) — was captivated by the rings’ beguiling shapes, their stability and their interactions. His inspiration led him in a surprising direction: Perhaps, he thought, just as the smoke rings were vortices in the air, atoms were knotted vortex rings in the luminiferous ether, an invisible medium through which, physicists believed, light propagated.” https://shorturl.at/gjrwK

Data is not everything; you also need people who can analyze the data you have.
Even basic data analysis can offer significant advantages, such as:
1. Identifying Opportunities: Data is often referred to as the "new oil," but like crude oil, it needs refinement to become useful.
2. Informed Decision-Making: Businesses with analytical skills can make well-informed choices backed by data-driven evidence.
3. Competitive Advantage: Businesses that can effectively analyze data may have an edge over competitors.
4. Resource Allocation: This involves managing budgets, estimating demand, and optimizing asset utilization.
5. Enhancing Customer Experience: Data analysis can uncover patterns in customer behavior, preferences, and satisfaction levels.
6. Risk Management: Data analysis can help identify and mitigate risks.
7. Streamlining Operations: Businesses generate vast amounts of data through various processes. Analyzing this data can provide insights to optimize operations, streamline processes, and reduce inefficiencies.
8. Targeted Marketing: Data analysis is crucial for targeted marketing based on customer demographics, preferences, and behaviors - https://vzocca.substack.com/p/can-your-company-afford-not-having

A tutorial video on how to create a Large Language Model from scratch with Python - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UU1WVnMk4E8

But the physics underlying Poisson models is entirely different. Diffusion is driven by thermodynamic forces, whereas Poisson flow is driven by electrostatic forces. The latter represents a detailed image using an arrangement of charges that can create a very complicated electric field. That field, however, causes the charges to spread more evenly over time — just as milk naturally disperses in a cup of coffee. The result is that the field itself becomes simpler and more uniform. https://shorturl.at/emFGL

It is easy to analyse the past and create metrics and correlations; however, what is often needed is to predict the future and to make recommendations on how to best anticipate it. The true value of advanced analytics is not in its ability to react to external events but to anticipate them and propose the best course of action.

Predictive analytics equips businesses with the tools to forecast future trends and customer behaviour. Armed with this foresight, companies can proactively adapt to changing market conditions, gaining a critical edge over their competition.

Prescriptive analytics will allow your business to make informed decisions, the cornerstone of success, empowering your business with actionable recommendations.

In the ever-evolving landscape of business, data has become a driving force behind decision-making and strategy development. While many organisations are familiar with basic descriptive analytics – such as generating reports and creating dashboards – there is often untapped potential lying beneath the surface. Advanced analytics, encompassing predictive and prescriptive techniques, offers a deeper, more insightful approach to leveraging data for innovation, optimisation, and enhanced decision-makin - .https://vzocca.substack.com/p/unlocking-business-potential-the

What is Multimodal AI? Multimodal AI is a rapidly evolving field that focuses on understanding and leveraging multiple modalities to build more comprehensive and accurate AI models - https://app.twelvelabs.io/blog/what-is-multimodal-ai

Anyone who has used AI assistants like ChatGPT for generating code will have noticed that while it often does an excellent job, it will occasionally throw out something that is not syntactically correct, or even reasonable. In this post, we will demonstrate a method that can constrain LLMs to generate only valid output! This can be done efficiently, effectively, and quite generally. - https://blog.normalcomputing.ai/posts/2023-07-27-regex-guided-generation/regex-guided-generation.html

A visual introduction to neural networks - https://photonlines.substack.com/p/grokking-neural-networks

Behold Modular Forms, the ‘Fifth Fundamental Operation’ of Math

“In the 1920s and ’30s, the German mathematician Erich Hecke developed a deeper theory around modular forms. Crucially, he realized that they exist in certain spaces — spaces with specific dimensions and other properties. He figured out how to describe these spaces concretely and use them to relate different modular forms to one another.”

Link https://shorturl.at/huwEJ

“When Richard Feynman, a renowned physicist, proposed the concept of quantum computing in 1982, it was a far-off theory. Today, as we stand at the brink of a quantum revolution, Agile Software Development faces an exciting crossroads. This article explores the unique intersection of Quantum Computing and Agile Software Development, and how project managers can navigate this novel landscape.” https://shorturl.at/uyAJ7

“ But P versus NP is about much more than just the plastic-and-silicon contraptions we call computers. The problem has practical implications for physics and molecular biology, cryptography, national security, evolution, the limits of mathematics and perhaps even the nature of reality. This one question sets the boundaries for what, in theory, we will ever be able to compute.” https://shorturl.at/jAIK5

Forward-thinking companies recognise the importance of bringing business and data together from the start of any analytics initiative. This starts by identifying key stakeholders from different business units and clearly defining their requirements and desired outcomes. Just dumping data on stakeholders without context is ineffective. Cross-functional sessions focused on specific business objectives and metrics help shape the focus for data teams.

Key performance indicators (KPIs) are critical for aligning business and data teams around measurable goals; choosing ineffective KPIs can undermine analytics success. It is important to select KPIs that map clearly to business objectives and can be impacted by data insights.

https://vzocca.substack.com/p/do-i-know-what-i-want

Implement #GPT in 60 lines of NumPy - https://jaykmody.com/blog/gpt-from-scratch/

In one recent example of generative AI’s achievements, AI programs outscored the average human in tasks requiring originality, as judged by human reviewers. For a study published this month in Scientific Reports, researchers gave 256 online participants 30 seconds to come up with imaginative uses for four commonplace objects: a box, a rope, a pencil and a candle. For example, a box might serve as a cat playhouse, a miniature theater or a time capsule. The researchers then gave the same task to three different large language models. To assess the creativity of these responses, the team used two methods: an automated program that assessed “semantic distance,” or relatedness between words and concepts, and six human reviewers that were trained to rank responses on their originality.

In both assessments, the highest-rated human ideas edged out the best of the AI responses—but the middle ground told a different story. The mean AI scores were significantly higher than the mean human scores. For instance, both the automated and human assessments ranked the response “cat playhouse” as less creative than a similar AI-generated response from GPT-4, “cat amusement park.” And people graded the lowest-scoring human answers as far less creative than the worst of the AI generations. https://shorturl.at/dkpsM

“In this sea were the states resulting from truly quantum circuits, the ones for which a classical simulation might take billions of years. For this reason, researchers came to regard entanglement not just as a quantum property, but as a quantum resource: It was what you needed to reach the uncharted depths, where powerful quantum algorithms like Shor’s resided.” https://shorturl.at/cVZ25

“A series of hurdles face the designer of a QML algorithm for quantum data. These include, finding the correct quantum generalisation of the perceptron, (deep) neural network architecture, optimisation algorithm, and loss function. In this paper we meet these challenges and propose a natural quantum perceptron which, when integrated into a quantum neural network (QNN), is capable of carrying out universal quantum computation.”

https://shorturl.at/EPWZ7