🔵 #کارنامه رتبه های برتر کنکورارشد ٩۶

⭕️ رتبه ۱۹ #اتاق_عمل

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🔵 #مصاحبه با رتبه های برتر کنکور ارشد ٩۶

📋 مصاحبه شماره سی و شش
⭕️ رتبه ۱۹ #اتاق_عمل
🔹 آقای امید زادی

⬇️ مصاحبه های بیشتر در کانال زیر
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✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
🔷فایل شماره 16

♨️ تقویت زبان برای کنکور

🔴 در این ویدیو کوتاه تقسیم میوز با زبان ساده توضیح داده شده است.

📚 @ADbehdasht

✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
📜 متن و سوالات فایل شماره 16


🔘راهنما: ابتدا ویدیو بالا را ببنید و خوب گوش بدهید. سپس متن زیر را بخوانید. مطمئن شوید که معنای همه لغات را می دانید. و در آخر به سوالات تستی طرح شده پاسخ دهید.

🔻 متن و سوالات:

Meiosis is the process that results in the formation of sperm cells and egg cells. The cells that will undergo meiosis are typically found in the testes and ovaries of males and females respectively.
These germ-line cells are diploid, having two sets of
chromosomes, but will undergo meiosis to prosuce haploid cells, having one set of chromosomes.
During fertiliziation, these haploid cells fuse to form a diploid offspring.
Like mitosis, meiosis is preceded by an interphase. During this time, DNA replicates and each chromosome becomes doubled,consisting of 2 identical strands of DNA.
Meiosis involves two divisions; the first division, meiosis I, halves the number of chromosomes and in the second division, meiosis II, the sister chromatids are split. The end result is 4 haploid cells.
Now let's look at each of these divisions in more detail. Meiosis I begins with prophase I.Individual, replicated chromosomes become
visible and each chromosome consists of identical sister
chromatids joined at their centromeres.
The spindle fibers start to form and the nuclear envelope disintegrates. In addition, homologous chromosomes line up next to each other and an event unique to meiosis occurs.
During this unique event, called crossing over; two homologous
chromosomes, which are lined up next to each other; excharge
DNA between adjacent homologous chromatids.
After crossing over has occured, the sister chromatids of one chromosome are no longer identical to one another.
In metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. For each pair of homologues, the orientation on the equator is random.
Currently, the large purple chromosome and the small green chromosome are on top, however, the small purple chromosome could just have easily have ended on top.
Each different orientation results in gametes with different combinations of parental chromosomes. This process is called independent assortment.
Once the chromosomes are lined up, the ends of the spindle fibers attach to each centromere.
In anaphase I, the chromosomes move apart from one another along the spindle fiber to the opposite ends of the cell. At this point each chromosome is still double stranded and has two sister chromatids.
However, we are separating homologous chromosome into two different cells so that each new cell will have only one member of the homolgous pair and will be haploid.
In telophase I, the spindle fiber disintegrates and cytokinesis (cell division) begins.
Thus, in meiosis I, which progresses from prophse I to telophase I, two cells are created and each cell has half the number of chromosomes compared to the original cell.
After cytokinesis is complete, a second division or meiosis II starts. This division is identical to mitosis and the resulting cells have the exact same number of chromosomes as the original cell
at the end of Meiosis I.
In prophase II we now have two cells each with two chromosomes.
In this stage, the spindle fibers again start to form at the poles of the cell.
In metaphase II, the chromosomes line up along the equator.
This is different from metaphse I where the homologous chromosomes were lined up. In metaphase II, each cell has only one of each homologous chromosome.
In anaphase II, the sister chromatids move away from each other along the spindle fiber and in telophase II along with cytokinesis,we see the formation of four genetically different haploid cells.

🔵🔴 به سوالات تستی طرح شده که در پیام بعدی آمده، پاسخ دهید.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
🔘مطالب بیشتر در:
🔘https://telegram.me/joinchat/BGZm0jwbZq4KYUog45AXTQ

🔴🔵سعی کنید به سوالات طرح شده از ویدیو بالا پاسخ دهید:

1.Centromeres divide in
A) mitosis and meiosis I.
B) mitosis and meiosis II.
C) meiosis II only.
D) meiosis I and meiosis II.
E) mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II.

2.Which of the following describes meiosis II in humans?
A) 4N -> 2N
B) 2N -> 2N
C) 2N -> 1N
D) 1N -> 2N
E) 1N -> 1N

3.Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they
occur during meiosis I.
1 = Separation of homologous chromosomes
2 = Synapsis
3 = Crossing-over
4 = Independent assortment
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 2, 3, 1, 4
D) 2, 3, 4, 1
E) 2, 4, 3, 1

4.Germ-line cells are haploid but gametes are diploid.
A) True
B) False

5.Independent assortment occurs in prophase I.
A) True
B) False

📝 دوستان عزیز، برای دیدن سایر فایل ها از این سری روی #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای کلیک کرده و یکی یکی علامت بالا را بزنید.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
🔘مطالب بیشتر در:
🔘https://telegram.me/joinchat/BGZm0jwbZq4KYUog45AXTQ

◀️کلید سوالات:
1:B/2:E/3:D/4:B/5:B

#اخبارکنکور
🔔اخبار و اطلاعات مربوط به کنکور های ارشد و دکتری ٩٧


♨️ کنکور ارشد وزارت بهداشت

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💢 مدارک مورد پذیرش

🌐 اطلاعات بیشتر در سایت رسمی
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♨️ کنکور ارشد وزارت علوم و دانشگاه آزاد

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(برای جا مانده ها)
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💢 دفترچه راهنمای ثبت نام

🌐 اطلاعات بیشتر در سایت رسمی
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
♨️ کنکور دکتری وزارت علوم

💠 تاریخ ثبت نام :
✅ انجام شده است
💠 تاریخ برگزاری :
✅ ۴ اسفند ٩۶

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🌐 اطلاعات بیشتر در سایت رسمی

🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀
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✅شروع #ثبت_نام #کنکور_ارشد وزارت بهداشت و وزارت علوم

🔴 ثبت نام کنکور ارشد #وزارت_علوم برای جا مانده ها و ویرایش اطلاعات شروع شد.

⬅️ مهلت ثبت نام تا ٣ اسفند
⬅️ سایت ثبت نام :
➡️ sanjesh.org

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

🔴 ثبت نام کنکور ارشد #وزارت_بهداشت هم شروع شد.
⬅️ مهلت ثبت نام تا ١٣ اسفند
⬅️ سایت ثبت نام :
➡️ sanjeshp.ir


💢اطلاعات بیشتر در لینک زیر
💢 https://t.me/joinchat/BGZm0jwbZq4KYUog45AXTQ

🔵 #کارنامه رتبه های برتر کنکورارشد ٩۶

⭕️ رتبه ۱۱ #تغذیه

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🔵 #مصاحبه با رتبه های برتر کنکور ارشد ٩۶

📋 مصاحبه شماره سی و هفت
⭕️ رتبه ۱۱ #تغدیه
🔹 خانم مینا موحدیان

⬇️ مصاحبه های بیشتر در کانال زیر
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✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
🔷فایل شماره 17

♨️ تقویت زبان برای کنکور

🔴 در این ویدیو کوتاه تقسیم میوز با زبان ساده توضیح داده شده است.

📚 @ADbehdasht

✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
📜 متن و سوالات فایل شماره 17


🔘راهنما: ابتدا ویدیو بالا را ببنید و خوب گوش بدهید. سپس متن زیر را بخوانید. مطمئن شوید که معنای همه لغات را می دانید. و در آخر به سوالات تستی طرح شده پاسخ دهید.

🔻 متن و سوالات:

In prophase I, the DNA coils tightly and individual chromosomes
become visible under the light microscope. Homologous
chromosomes become closely associated in synapsis and they
exchange segments by crossing over.
By Metaphase I, the nuclear membrane has disappeared and the
microtubules form a spindle. Spindle fibers attach to only one
side of each centromere and the two homologous chromosomes
attach to microtubules orienting from opposite poles.
Each pair of homologues then lines up on the metaphase plate.
Either maternal or paternal homologue may orient toward a given
pole.
In Anaphase I, the microtubules of the spindle fiber shorten and
pull the chromosomes toward the poles, taking both sister
chromatids with them.
Each pole ends up with a complete haploid set of chromosomes
consisting of one member of the homologous pair.
During Telophase I, the nuclear membrabe reform around the
daughter nuclei. Each daughter nucleus contains two sister
chromatids for each chromosome, attached to a common
centromere.
Because of crossing over, the two sister chromatids are identical.
During prophase II, the nuclear envelope breaks down and a new
spindle forms . In Metaphase II, spindle fibers bind to both sides
of the centromeres.
During Anaphase II, the spindle fibers contract and the sister
chromatids move toward opposite poles. In Telophase II, nuclear
envelops reform around the sets of daughter chromosomes.

🔴🔵سعی کنید به سوالات طرح شده از ویدیو بالا پاسخ دهید:

1.Synapsis is the side-by-side alignment of
A) sister chromatids of a
chromosome.
B) homologous chromosomes.
C) non-homologous chromosomes.
D) spindle fibers.
E) nuclei prior to the division of the
cytoplasm.

2.At the end of meiosis I, each daughter cell is
A) diploid, and each chromosome
consists of a single chromatid.
B) diploid, and each chromosome
consists of two chromatids.
C) haploid, and each chromosome
consists of a single chromatid.
D) haploid, and each chromosome
consists of two chromatids.
E) haploid, containing a mixture of
single- and double-chromatid chromosomes.

3.During anaphase I of meiosis, ____I____ move towards opposite
cell poles, whereas during anaphase II of meiosis, ____II____ are
separated.
A) I = sister chromatids ; II = non-
sister chromatids
B) I = sister chromatids ; II =
homologous chromosomes
C) I = homologous chromosomes ; II =
sister chromatids
D) I = homologous chromosomes ; II =
non-sister chromatids
E) I = homologous chromosomes ; II =
non-homologous chromosomes

4.Crossing-over occurs in metaphase I.
A) True
B) False

5.Telophase II of meiosis is basically prophase II in reverse.
A) True
B) False


📝 دوستان عزیز، برای دیدن سایر فایل ها از این سری روی #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای کلیک کرده و یکی یکی علامت بالا را بزنید.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
🔘مطالب بیشتر در:
🔘https://telegram.me/joinchat/BGZm0jwbZq4KYUog45AXTQ

◀️کلید سوالات:
1:B/2:D/3:C/4:B/5:A

🔵 #کارنامه رتبه های برتر کنکور ارشد ٩۶

⭕️ رتبه ۳ #کاردرمانی

🔽 مصاحبه با ایشان در لینک زیر :
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🔵 #مصاحبه با رتبه های برتر کنکور ارشد ٩۶

📋 مصاحبه شماره سی و هشت
⭕️ رتبه ۳ #کاردرمانی
🔹 آقای الیاس منفرد

⬇️ مصاحبه های بیشتر در کانال زیر
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✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
🔷فایل شماره 18

♨️ تقویت زبان برای کنکور

🔴 در این ویدیو کوتاه مکانیسم عمل هورمون استروئید با زبان ساده توضیح داده شده است.

📚 @ADbehdasht

✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
📜 متن و سوالات فایل شماره 18


🔘راهنما: ابتدا ویدیو بالا را ببنید و خوب گوش بدهید. سپس متن زیر را بخوانید. مطمئن شوید که معنای همه لغات را می دانید. و در آخر به سوالات تستی طرح شده پاسخ دهید.

🔻 متن و سوالات:

steroid hormones are not water-soluble.
they travel in the blood attached to protein carriers.
when steroid hormones arrive at their target cells they dissociate
from their protein carriers and pass through the plasma membrane of the cell.
some steroid hormones bind to specific receptor
proteins in the cytoplasm and then move as a hormone-receptor complex into the nucleus.
other steroids travel directly
into the nucleus before
encountering
their receptor proteins (not shown).
the hormone receptor protein activated by binding to the hormone, is now able to bind to specific regions of the DNA.
these DNA regions are known as the hormone response elements.
the binding of the hormone receptor complex has a direct effect on the level of transcription at that site. messenger RNA (mRNA)
is produced, which then codes for
the synthesis of specific
proteins

🔴🔵سعی کنید به سوالات طرح شده از ویدیو بالا پاسخ دهید:

1.Steroid hormones bind to
A) carbohydrate receptors on the cell
membrane of the target cell.
B) carbohydrate receptors in the
cytoplasm of the target cell.
C) protein receptors on the cell
membrane of the target cell.
D) protein receptors in the cytoplasm
of the target cell.
E) protein receptors in the cytoplasm
or nucleus of the target cell.

2.The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to
A) hormone response elements in
DNA.
B) hormone response elements in
mRNA.
C) hormone response elements on
proteins.
D) ribosomes to stimulate translation.
E) the cell membrane thereby
increasing its permeability.

3.The mode of action of steroid hormones involves
A) a second messenger.
B) modification of enzyme activity.
C) stimulation of DNA replication.
D) stimulation of mRNA transcription.
E) inhibition of protein synthesis.

4.Steroid hormones travel in the blood attached to protein carriers.
A) True
B) False

5.Steroid hormones are water-soluble.
A) True
B) False

📝 دوستان عزیز، برای دیدن سایر فایل ها از این سری روی #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای کلیک کرده و یکی یکی علامت بالا را بزنید.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
🔘مطالب بیشتر در:
🔘https://telegram.me/joinchat/BGZm0jwbZq4KYUog45AXTQ

◀️کلید سوالات:
1:E/2:A/3:D/4:A/5:B

🔵 #کارنامه رتبه های برتر کنکور ارشد ٩۶

⭕️ رتبه ۶ #ژنتیک_انسانی

🔽 مصاحبه با ایشان در لینک زیر :
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🔵 #مصاحبه با رتبه های برتر کنکور ارشد ٩۶

📋 مصاحبه شماره سی و نه
⭕️ رتبه ۶ #ژنتیک_انسانی
🔹 خانم الناز فاضلی

⬇️ مصاحبه های بیشتر در کانال زیر
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✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
🔷فایل شماره 19

♨️ تقویت زبان برای کنکور

🔴 در این ویدیو کوتاه دناتوره شدن پروتئین با زبان ساده توضیح داده شده است.

📚 @ADbehdasht

✅ #آموزش_چند_رسانه_ای
◀️ یکشنبه، سه شنبه، پنجشنبه
📜 متن و سوالات فایل شماره 19


🔘راهنما: ابتدا ویدیو بالا را ببنید و خوب گوش بدهید. سپس متن زیر را بخوانید. مطمئن شوید که معنای همه لغات را می دانید. و در آخر به سوالات تستی طرح شده پاسخ دهید.

🔻 متن و سوالات:

this familiar gelatin dessert actually is a good example of the process of coagulation of proteins into a three dimensional latticework that entraps water molecules to produce a semi-solid gel.

this animation explains the physical chemistry behind the
process.
proteins are synthesized by polymerizing amino acids. the polymerization occurs by repeatedly forming peptide bonds that
link individual amino acids together into a chain.

there are three structural
features that influence the three-dimensional shape of a water s-oluble protein.
primary structure is the peptide bond between individual amino
acids that creates a long chain of connected amino acids.
these long chains of polymerized amino acids have hydrophobic (water repelling) and hydrophilic (water attracting) projections thatare oriented perpendicular to the
chain, as shown in this illustration of a growing protein chain.

secondary structure is the helix that the protein chain curls into, as a result of hydrogen bonds and other weak forces.

tertiary structure is created when the protein molecules fold back on themselves outside of the helical segments, to put the hydrophobic portions to the interior and the hydrophilic
portions to the exterior.

several helical regions can exist in different portions
of the molecule.

when the protein has folded and refolded to reach its most
stable configuration. it will have mostly hydrophilic amino acid residues on the exterior, and mostly hydrophobic residues directed into the interior.

when natural proteins are subjected to physical or chemical treatment, their structure changes, and they become 'un-native' or 'unnatural'. we call that process denaturation.

in this example, heating the proteins in solution im
parts energy to the protein molecules.
this added energy is enough to break the relatively weak forces that hold the protein in its refolded and helical tertiary and secondary configurations.

as the process of denaturation precedes, the protein molecule unfolds more and more
and the internally directed hydrophobic regions now become exposed on the
outside of the molecule.

the peptide bonds are largely
hydrophilic. once these segments are set free from each other, they attract water
molecules. the recruitment of water molecules entraps the water molecules in close proximity to the protein strands.

the hydrophobic portions of the. molecules are also exposed. this situation is unfavored because the
hydrophobic portions of molecules are not stable in an aqueous environment.
hence, upon unfolding, the hydrophobic regions on individual protein molecules
will associate with hydrophobic regions on other protein molecules.

this situation encourages the association of these protein molecules into larger and larger random three-dimensional
structures. the molecules aggregate into very large, water-insoluble collections
that are quite randomly assembled.

as the proteins denature, lattice-work structures
grow amorphously and attract the solvent water molecules into cell-like structures.

the self associated water molecules, in groups, adhere to the surface of hydrophilic regions of the protein while hydrophobic regions of the
protein dissolve into each other and provide the energy to retain the structure.

as this process continues irreversibly, all of the protein
molecules are recruited to this large and soluble mass in a randomly organized structural framework that contains en
trapped water molecules.

one example of the consequences of unfolding And re-associating protein molecules is coagulation of egg white. frying an egg is no more complicated than denaturing
the egg white protein.
the assembly of irreversibly denatured protein molecules results in formation of a solid gel.
⬇️ادامه در پیام بعدی⬇️

the gel entraps water molecules inside the White into a semi-solid structure, which holds its shape under normal conditions.

other examples of denatured protein assembling into three-dimensional structures include the baking of yeast-risen bread, coagulation of meat proteins by cooking in such products as hot dogs, and in the solidification of gelatin upon cooling of a solution.

denaturation and coagulation of proteins is a complex, irreversible process but the study of denaturation has allowed to us to better understand the three-dimensional structure of native proteins.

🔵🔴 به سوالات تستی طرح شده از متن بالا پاسخ دهید.

1. What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?

A) peptide bonds
B) polymerizing bonds
C) hydrogen bonds
D) organic bonds

2. The helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds and other weak forces is an example of

A) primary structure of protein.
B) secondary structure of protein.
C) tertiary structure of protein.
D) non-linear structure of protein.

3.In the stable form of protein, what is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule?

A) large portions
B) random portions
C) hydrophobic portions
D) hydrophilic portions

4. When an egg is fried, what happens to the protein in the egg?

A) amino acids form new proteins
B) the heat converts the protein into water
C) because the heat removes water, the hydrophilic amino acids leave the pan
D) the protein is denatured

5.When forming a semi-solid gel such as gelatin, what type of molecule does the process of protein coagulation entrap?

A) protein
B) water
C) carbohydrate
D) lipid

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◀️ کلید سوالات:
1:A/2:B/3:C/4:D/5:B

#لیسانسبهپزشکی

💢 اطلاعیه ثبت نام آزمون کارشناسی به پزشکی سال 97

✅ زمان ثبت نام : ٢۶ فروردین تا ٢۶ اردیبهشت

✅ زمان احتمالی برگزاری : هفته آخر خرداد

💢 شرایط ثبت نام :

✔️ واجد شرایط بودن برای تحصیل رایگان

✔️ فارغ‌التحصیل لیسانس یکی رشته های تجربی یا ریاضی کنکور سراسری

✔️ حداکثر سن در زمان ثبت نام ٢۵ سال (طول سربازی و طرح به این عدد اضافه می شود)

✔️ معدل دیپلم بالاتر از ١٨ و لیسانس بالاتر از ١۶ (به استثنای استعداد های درخشان و المپیاد ی ها جزئیات در لینک زیر)

✔️ داشتن مدرک زبان در زمان مصاحبه (مدارک مورد پذیرش و حدنصاب را در لینک زیر مشاهده کنید.)

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