answer is B: Diaphoresis. Myasthenia gravis is
characterized by muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on
skeletal muscle. Pyridostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, potentiating the effects of acetylcholine
released into the neuromuscular junction. This excess
acetylcholine can overcome the effects of antibodies
blocking some of the receptors. Pyridostigmine will
block acetylcholinesterase throughout the body,
however, not only at the neuromuscular junction.
This can lead to cholinergic symptoms such as dia-
phoresis, miosis, diarrhea, bradycardia, and urination.
(A) Constipation is a common side effect of opioids, but
increasing acetylcholine with pyridostigmine use would
cause increased GI motility leading to diarrhea. (C) This is an adrenergic side effect. (D) This is an adrenergic side effect. (E) This is an adrenergic side effect.
characterized by muscle weakness caused by autoantibodies blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on
skeletal muscle. Pyridostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, potentiating the effects of acetylcholine
released into the neuromuscular junction. This excess
acetylcholine can overcome the effects of antibodies
blocking some of the receptors. Pyridostigmine will
block acetylcholinesterase throughout the body,
however, not only at the neuromuscular junction.
This can lead to cholinergic symptoms such as dia-
phoresis, miosis, diarrhea, bradycardia, and urination.
(A) Constipation is a common side effect of opioids, but
increasing acetylcholine with pyridostigmine use would
cause increased GI motility leading to diarrhea. (C) This is an adrenergic side effect. (D) This is an adrenergic side effect. (E) This is an adrenergic side effect.
Perfecto ๐๐
Photo
ุงูููุช ุงูู
ุซุงูู ููุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูููู ู
ุง ุจูู ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุตุจุงุญุง ููุนุงุดุฑุฉ ุตุจุงุญุง ุชุนุฑููู ููุด ูุงู adrenal gland ุชุญุฏูุฏูุง ุงูููุชููุณ ุชุจุฏู ุชูุฑุฒ ุงูููุฑุชูุฒูู ุจููุช ู
ู 4 ุงูุตุจุญ ูุญุฏ ู
ุง ููุตู ุงูpeak ุงูุซุงู
ูุฉ ุตุจุงุญุง ููุจุฏู ููู ุชุฏุฑูุฌููุง ูููุฌ ูุดูู ุงูู ุงุชูุงู ุนุงูู
ู ุงูุงู
ุชุญุงูุงุช ููุทูุงุจ ูุงุฒู
ุชููู ุนูุฏ ุงูุซุงู
ูุฉ ุตุจุงุญุง ๐ญ๐
ุงูููุชูุฒูู ูุฒูุฏ ุชุญููุฒ ุงูุงุฏุฑููุงููู ู NE ูุฐูู ูุฒูุฏูู ู ู activity of reticular formation ุชุญุฏูุฏุง RAS ุงู ascending reticular formation ุงูู ุชููู ุงูุงุดุงุฑุงุช ุงูุนุตุจูุฉ ูุญู cerebral cortex ุงูุฏู ุงุบ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุชุฎููู more awareness ๐๐ูุญุชุฉ ุงูุฏู ุงุบ ููุง ูุจุฏู ูุญูู ุงูุฐุงูุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุงู ุฏ ูุญู ุงูุฐุงูุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉ ุงูุงู ุฏ ูุญุชุฉ ุชุดูููู ุงุบูุจ ุงูู ุฑุถู ุงุฐุง ูุดุชููู ูุดุชููู ุจููู ู ู ุงูุงูู ุงูู ุณูู ููุฌุนุฉ ุฌู ุงุนุฉ ุงูู ูุงุตูุ ุงูู ุฑุฉ ุงูุญุงู ู ุชุฌูุจ ุบุงูุจุง ุจููู ุชุนุฑููู ุดูู ุงูุณุจุจุ ุดุงุฑูููุง๐๐ โค๏ธ
ุงูููุชูุฒูู ูุฒูุฏ ุชุญููุฒ ุงูุงุฏุฑููุงููู ู NE ูุฐูู ูุฒูุฏูู ู ู activity of reticular formation ุชุญุฏูุฏุง RAS ุงู ascending reticular formation ุงูู ุชููู ุงูุงุดุงุฑุงุช ุงูุนุตุจูุฉ ูุญู cerebral cortex ุงูุฏู ุงุบ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุชุฎููู more awareness ๐๐ูุญุชุฉ ุงูุฏู ุงุบ ููุง ูุจุฏู ูุญูู ุงูุฐุงูุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุงู ุฏ ูุญู ุงูุฐุงูุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉ ุงูุงู ุฏ ูุญุชุฉ ุชุดูููู ุงุบูุจ ุงูู ุฑุถู ุงุฐุง ูุดุชููู ูุดุชููู ุจููู ู ู ุงูุงูู ุงูู ุณูู ููุฌุนุฉ ุฌู ุงุนุฉ ุงูู ูุงุตูุ ุงูู ุฑุฉ ุงูุญุงู ู ุชุฌูุจ ุบุงูุจุง ุจููู ุชุนุฑููู ุดูู ุงูุณุจุจุ ุดุงุฑูููุง๐๐ โค๏ธ
Perfecto ๐๐
https://t.me/sameerkbly2016
ูุงู ุงูููุงุฉ ุจููุง ููุฑุณุงุช ูู
ูู ุงุณุนุงุฑูุง ุชูุตู ูุงูู ููุต ุฏููุงุฑ
ุจุณ ููู ุฌูุงุฒู ุชูุฑุบู ูุงู ุงุฐุง ุชูุฒููู ูููู ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู ุง ููู ุนู ูุงุญุฏ ุชูุฑุง๐๐๐
ุจุณ ููู ุฌูุงุฒู ุชูุฑุบู ูุงู ุงุฐุง ุชูุฒููู ูููู ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู ุง ููู ุนู ูุงุญุฏ ุชูุฑุง๐๐๐
Perfecto ๐๐ pinned ยซูุงู ุงูููุงุฉ ุจููุง ููุฑุณุงุช ูู
ูู ุงุณุนุงุฑูุง ุชูุตู ูุงูู ููุต ุฏููุงุฑ ุจุณ ููู ุฌูุงุฒู ุชูุฑุบู ูุงู ุงุฐุง ุชูุฒููู ูููู ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู
ุง ููู ุนู ูุงุญุฏ ุชูุฑุง๐๐๐ยป
Forwarded from Pathology videos & books
9) A 40-year-old woman presents with a painless lesion on her right ear lobe (shown in the image). She reports that her ears were pierced 4 months ago. Which of the following best explains the pathogenesis of this lesion?
Forwarded from Pathology videos & books
Forwarded from Pathology videos & books
The answer is E: Maturation arrest of collagen assembly. Keloid is an exuberant scar that tends to progress beyond the site
of initial injury and recurs after excision. Dark-skinned persons are more frequently affected by keloids than light-skinned people. Keloids are characterized by changes in the ratio of type III to type I collagen, suggesting a โmaturation arrestโ
in the healing process. Further support for maturation arrest
as an explanation for keloids and hypertrophic scars is the
overexpression of fi bronectin in these lesions. Keloids are
unsightly, and attempts at surgical repair are always problematic.
The other choices do not address the pathogenesis of keloids.
Diagnosis: Keloid
of initial injury and recurs after excision. Dark-skinned persons are more frequently affected by keloids than light-skinned people. Keloids are characterized by changes in the ratio of type III to type I collagen, suggesting a โmaturation arrestโ
in the healing process. Further support for maturation arrest
as an explanation for keloids and hypertrophic scars is the
overexpression of fi bronectin in these lesions. Keloids are
unsightly, and attempts at surgical repair are always problematic.
The other choices do not address the pathogenesis of keloids.
Diagnosis: Keloid
ูุฐุง ุงุญูุธูู ูุงู ุงุฌูุจู ุฏุงุฆู
ุง ุจุงูุงุณุฆูุฉ๐ฅฒ
ุงูู ูุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุงููุงุฑู ุง ุชููู ูู drug ูุจุฏู ุจุญุฑู ุงูV ูุงุฒู ุถู ู ุงูุณุงูุฏ ุงููููุช ู ุงูุชู ูุณูู visual filed loss ุชุฐูุฑู ุญุฑู ุงูv ู ู ุงูุงุซููู
ูMnemonic ุชุฐูุฑู ุงุฎุทุฑ ุตุฑุน ูู status epi
ูุฐุง ููุง ุงุฐุง ุธู ุจุฏูู ู ุง ูุฑูุญ ููุทูุงุฑุฆ ุงุญุชู ุงู ุฌุจูุฑ ูู ูุช ูุนูู die ู ุชุฐูุฑู ุงู (Di)azepam ุชูุทููู ููdie ุงูู ุฑุญ ูู ูุช๐๐
ุงูู ูุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุงููุงุฑู ุง ุชููู ูู drug ูุจุฏู ุจุญุฑู ุงูV ูุงุฒู ุถู ู ุงูุณุงูุฏ ุงููููุช ู ุงูุชู ูุณูู visual filed loss ุชุฐูุฑู ุญุฑู ุงูv ู ู ุงูุงุซููู
ูMnemonic ุชุฐูุฑู ุงุฎุทุฑ ุตุฑุน ูู status epi
ูุฐุง ููุง ุงุฐุง ุธู ุจุฏูู ู ุง ูุฑูุญ ููุทูุงุฑุฆ ุงุญุชู ุงู ุฌุจูุฑ ูู ูุช ูุนูู die ู ุชุฐูุฑู ุงู (Di)azepam ุชูุทููู ููdie ุงูู ุฑุญ ูู ูุช๐๐
ุณูุงุฑุฉ ๐ ุงูุงุทูุงู ููู ๐๐
ุณูุงุฑุฉ=Car= Carbamazepine
ููู= Phen)ytoin + (Phen)obarbital)
ูุง ุชูุทููุง ููุงุทูุงู ูุนูู ุชุฐูุฑ absence epilepsy
ุงูุทูู ุงุณู ู ุงูุซู ู ุงูุทูู ุงูุซู Ethosuximide๐๐๐๐
#ูุนูู ุดูู ุงูุตุฏ ููุงุ ุงููุตุฏ ุฅูู ุงุฏููุฉ ุงูุตุฑุน ุงูู ุชุจุฏู ุจู ูุทุน phen ุฑุงุญ ุชููู C/I in children (petit mal).. ูุฐูู ููุทูุฉ ethosuximide drug......
Key points
Carbamazepine for Trigeminal neurolagia
Ethosuximide 1st drug for absence attack
S/E Steven โ Johnson syndrome+ Urticaria
2drugs in epilepsy ____Aplastic A>>> Carbamazepine+ Ethosuximide
Alopecia>>>> Valproic acid
(Top)iramate
ูุฐุง ุงูุชูุจ Top ูุณุชุฎุฏู ููู ุงููุงุน epilepsy
Zonisamide+ Topiramate>>>>>Renal stones
lamotrigine+, phenytoin+ carbamazepine>>>>epileptic pregnant
ุงุฐุง ูุงู ุงูุงูุถู ู ููู ุงุฎุชุงุฑ lamotrigine and with 5mg folic acid
ููุดู ูุฒูุฏ ุงูGABA ูุจุฏูู ุชูููุฑ ูุนูู ูุตูุญ ููู ุงููุงุน epilepsy
Neuropathic pain drugs carbamazepine , preGABAline,and GABApentin
#1pharma
ุณูุงุฑุฉ=Car= Carbamazepine
ููู= Phen)ytoin + (Phen)obarbital)
ูุง ุชูุทููุง ููุงุทูุงู ูุนูู ุชุฐูุฑ absence epilepsy
ุงูุทูู ุงุณู ู ุงูุซู ู ุงูุทูู ุงูุซู Ethosuximide๐๐๐๐
#ูุนูู ุดูู ุงูุตุฏ ููุงุ ุงููุตุฏ ุฅูู ุงุฏููุฉ ุงูุตุฑุน ุงูู ุชุจุฏู ุจู ูุทุน phen ุฑุงุญ ุชููู C/I in children (petit mal).. ูุฐูู ููุทูุฉ ethosuximide drug......
Key points
Carbamazepine for Trigeminal neurolagia
Ethosuximide 1st drug for absence attack
S/E Steven โ Johnson syndrome+ Urticaria
2drugs in epilepsy ____Aplastic A>>> Carbamazepine+ Ethosuximide
Alopecia>>>> Valproic acid
(Top)iramate
ูุฐุง ุงูุชูุจ Top ูุณุชุฎุฏู ููู ุงููุงุน epilepsy
Zonisamide+ Topiramate>>>>>Renal stones
lamotrigine+, phenytoin+ carbamazepine>>>>epileptic pregnant
ุงุฐุง ูุงู ุงูุงูุถู ู ููู ุงุฎุชุงุฑ lamotrigine and with 5mg folic acid
ููุดู ูุฒูุฏ ุงูGABA ูุจุฏูู ุชูููุฑ ูุนูู ูุตูุญ ููู ุงููุงุน epilepsy
Neuropathic pain drugs carbamazepine , preGABAline,and GABApentin
#1pharma
Perfecto ๐๐
Photo
ูู
ูุช ๐๐ฅณุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงูู ุงุถุงูุงุช ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุงุถูู ุฐูู ุงูู ุฏ ุญูุฏุฑ ุฑูุฒ ุนูููู
Perfecto ๐๐
https://youtu.be/i1b6tIIrJNc
2nd lecture of #renal pharmacology